مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بابل
سال نوزدهم شماره 10 (پیاپی 121، مهر 1396)

In patients with type 2 diabetes, liver diseases are the major causes of liver cancer. The invention of new methods and medicinal compounds has led to a significant increase in our ability to treat cancers. This study aims to evaluate the effect of two known compounds, atorvastatin and aspirin, on the phenotypes of liver cancer cell lines.
In this experimental study, after preparing HepG2 cell line from National Cell Bank of Iran and culturing it, the cytotoxic, apoptotic and metastatic effects of both atorvastatin and aspirin were investigated at concentrations of 50 – 100 – 200 μM in 7 treatment groups and one control group by MTT assay, flow cytometry and zymography tests.
FINDINGS: The results of these tests indicated the cytotoxic effects of atorvastatin at all concentrations of 50 – 100 – 200 μM (48%, 99.96% and 100%), and the low cytotoxic effects of aspirin at all concentrations except for 200 μM, mainly observed as necrosis (p The results of this study showed that co-administration of both atorvastatin and aspirin compounds is capable of inducing programmed cell death at low concentrations.

Viruses are suggested as possible etiologic factor of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) by some investigators. Nonetheless, no report was found on this subject in Iranian children. We looked for the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2, and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in children with LCH.
The investigation in this retrospective study, was for the presence of HHV-6 DNA in 48 patients and CMV, HSV types 1 and 2 and EBV DNA in 30 patients with LCH, using paraffin-embedded tissue samples and 48 and 30 (respectively) age and tissue-matched controls from the department of pediatric pathology, using nested polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR for HHV-6 and HSV types 1 and 2), qualitative PCR method (for CMV) and qualitative TaqMan Real-time PCR (for EBV).
FINDINGS: HHV-6 was found in one (2.1%) patient and six (12.5%) control specimen (P= 0.11, OR: 0.15; 95%CI: 0.02-1.29). Two (6.66%) patients and one (3.3%) control sample had CMV, with a P value of 1.0, and OR: 2.07; 95% CI of OR: 0.18-24.15. We did not find HSV types 1 and 2 DNA in any of the patients or controls. EBV was detected in 19 (63.33%) patients and 8 (26.7%) control group. P value was 0.004 with Odds Ratio: 4.75; 95% CI of OR: 1.58-14.25.
CMV, HSV types 1 and 2, and HHV6 do not appear to have any role in the pathogenesis of LCH. However, considering the statistically significant p=0.004, our findings suggest a possible position for EBV in the pathogenesis of LCH in Iran.

According to McGill's new therapeutic exercise protocol for the purpose of low back pain treatment, and not investigating these exercises on balance, the present study was performed to aim to investigate the effect of McGill stabilization exercises and conventional physiotherapy exercises on dynamic balance indices, pain, disability and range of motion in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain.
Thirty patients with chronic non-specific low back pain were randomly assigned to the McGill stabilization exercises group (n=15) and conventional physiotherapy group (n=15). Participants performed 30 repeatitions for each session and three sessions per week for six weeks. In both groups, patients performed the corresponding exercises for six weeks. The visual analog scale (VAS), Quebec Low Back Pain Disability Scale questionnaire, inclinometer and Biodex Balance System were used to measure pain, functional disability, and active thoracolumbar range of motion variables and postural balance indeces (Anteroposerior Stability Index, Mediolateral Stability Index ,and Overall Stability Index), respectively. The study data were collected before and after training and also all the variables were followed for one month.
FINDINGS: The significant differences were not observed in pain, disability and range of motion between the two groups (p>0.05). In the dynamic postural stability variables, in Anteroposerior Stability Index (0.31±0.20), Mediolateral Stability Index (0.23±0.22), and Overall Stability Index (0.41±0.30) significantly changes were observed in three indeces (p McGill stabilization exercises may improve more effective dynamic postural balance variables to maintain balance in daily activities such as walking.

Genetic studies have demonstrated that the neurokini-1 Receptor (NK1R( is frequently involved in the pathogenesis of wide assortment of human malignancies, including acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The activity of this pathway in leukemic cells results in an excessive cell proliferation and evade from apoptosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Aprepitant (NK1R antagonist) on the survival rate of APL cells.
This experimental study is conducted on APL-derived NB4 cells (Institute Pasteur). To determine the anti-tumor effect of Aprepitant, NB4 cells were divided into 6 groups: control and 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 5 µM-drug treated groups. Then the cell viability, metabolic activity, induction of apoptosis and transcriptional alteration of Bax and Bcl-2 genes were investigated after 24 and 36 h treatment using trypan blue assay, MTT assay, Annexin-V/PI staining and RQ-PCR analysis, respectively.
FINDINGS: 36 h treatment with the highest concentration of Aprepitant (5 µM) resulted in an approximately 50% reduction in the viability (assessed by trypan blue) and metabolic activity (assessed by MTT assay) of NB4 cells (p Aprepitant exerted both cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects in NB4 cells.

The culture of spermatogonial cells and the production of embryonic stem cells (ES-like cells), suggest these cells as a sufficient new source for cell therapy and for the treatment of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the pattern of genetic changes during differentiation of spermatogonial cells into oligodendrocyte precursor cells.
In this experimental study, spermatogonial cells were isolated from the testicles of 2 – 6 days old newborn mice (6 – 10 mice each time) through two stages of enzymatic digestion. The cells were divided into three groups of quasi-embryonic stem cells, neuro-progenitive and oligodendrocyte precursor. Specific markers stra8, mvh, piwil2, C-myc, Nanog, NF68, Nestin, Olig2, and NG2 were evaluated using Real Time-PCR and immunocytochemistry method at each differentiation step.
FINDINGS: Molecular evaluations showed that increase in Nestin gene expression in neuronal precursor cells was 1.3 times more than quasi-embryonic stem cells. In the molecular evaluations at the end of the second stage of differentiation, it was determined that culture at the end of the induction steps resulted in a significant increase in the expression of the genes of Olig2 and NG2 and decrease in the expression of Nestin gene (p In this study, it was demonstrated that quasi-embryonic stem cells have the potential to express the NF68 and Nestin neuron markers. The quasi-embryonic stem cells of NG2 and Olig2 genes were expressed in the cells after the induction stage.

Insufficient knowledge of preterm mothers in infant care affects their normal growth & development. Therefore their attention to mothers is necessary. This research carried out in order to determine the effect of Educational intervention on awareness of Practice of mothers in care of premature infants.
In a quasi-experimental study 100 mothers of low birth weight infants were selected by convenience sampling method and assigned randomly to two study groups, Data from 100 mothers were collected by means of questionnaires, containing: family demographic characteristics, newborn whole information form & knowledge and practice. Knowledge and practice questionnaire was given to both the control and intervention groups of mother to determine their baseline knowledge & practice of how to care of premature infants. Only the intervention group of mothers received the individualized educational program, while the control group had taken only ordinary care from their personnel of hospital. After three months, all mothers were given a posttest to determine the degree of knowledge & practice of how to care of premature infants.
FINDINGS: Mother's awareness scores in the experimental group increased from 53.15 ± 4.99 before the intervention to 62.5±3.73 after the intervention (p AS the results showed, educational intervention can increase mother's knowledge & skill in regarding to care of low birth weight and premature infants

Different toxins have harmful effects on sexual organs. Exposure to contaminants as well as physical stress can increase the rate of infertility. Antioxidant products are highly considered, because they can react to pollutants and remove free oxygen radicals. This study investigates the effects of proteins on the protection of the reproductive system against toxins.
This review article was conducted using keywords including “protective” and “organophosphorus toxins”, and searching on online databases such as Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar. The related articles were extracted and classified.
FINDINGS: The results of about 80 articles, selected out of 140 new and valid articles, suggest that elements such as arsenic, cyclophosphamide, cadmium, diazinon and gossypol reduce the reproduction rate and damage body tissues. Elements such as N-acetylcysteine, carnitine, corsetine, black seed oil, palm powder, ginseng, honey and saffron are proteins that may have protective effects against potential damage.
Based on the results of this study, the natural proteins that can be found in plants, fruits and food can be used to prevent the damage to the reproductive system caused by various toxins.

Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the most common coagulase negative Staphylococcal strains and has an important role in the infection related to medical device in human and is a crucial public in the antibiotic therapy. The aim of this study was to identify genes erythromycin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis is isolated from children with Multiplex-PCR method.
In the cross-sectional study, a total of 60 Staphylococcus epidermidis were collected from the Amir-Kabir Hospital in Arak. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed on the Muller Hinton agar according to the clinical and laboratory standard institute (CLSI). Then all strains were evaluated for ermA and ermC genes by multiplex-PCR method.
FINDINGS: In the present study, the highest and lowest samples were related to urinary catheter (31 strains, 51.6%) and wound samples (11 isolates, 18.3%). All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin. The prevalence of ermA and ermC genes were 4 (6.6%) and 45 (75%), respectively. the results showed that the highest and lowest strains carried these genes were ermC and ermA, respectively.
Control of transmission of the microorganisms are important infection control and classification methods phenotypic and genotypic diagnosis of clonality of isolates and better control they will be very beneficial.

Incorrect nutrition is one of the risk factors for heart disease, and any change in dietary habits can be useful in preventing and controlling heart disease. However, before any nutritional intervention, we need to have an outlook of the dietary habits of the people. This study aims to determine the adherence to correct nutrition plan and some of its effective factors in people living in northern Iran.
This cross-sectional study conducted among 550 individuals with cardiovascular risk factors referring to Heshmat Hospital in Rasht. Risk factors and indicators were collected using designed questionnaires, medical records review and assessment of dietary adherence with Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MDAS) questionnaire, which was localized according to the Persian culture. The score of the nutrition questionnaire is zero–14. Zero – five is inappropriate adherence; 6–9 is moderate adherence and 10 and above is high dietary adherence (healthy food patterns).
FINDINGS: The mean age of subjects was 58±0.38 years. 71.4% of subjects suffered from overweight and obesity. Mean dietary adherence was 5.76±0.07. Forty three percent of subjects had inappropriate adherence, 55% had moderate adherence and only 2% had high dietary adherence. The dietary adherence in men was significantly higher than women (p=0.001). People living in rural areas and those with higher education had more inappropriate dietary adherence insignificantly.
Despite having access to appropriate and healthy food in northern Iran, people's food pattern was estimated to be inappropriate. Therefore, education about modified food program and a trend toward following the Mediterranean dietary pattern, which is similar to the dietary culture of the people in northern Iran, is suggested.

Glioma is the most common form of brain tumor in adults and accounts for about 80% of the total brain malignancy. The association between several nutritional and non-nutritional factors and the incidence and prevention of glioma has been investigated in previous studies. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between coffee and tea consumption and the risk of glioma.
In this systematic overview, all studies published until March 2017 were reviewed using the "PubMed", "GoogleScholar" and "SCOPUS" databases using the keywords "coffee", "caffeine", "tea", "diet" and "lifestyle" for coffee and tea consumption and the keywords "glioma", "glioblastoma", "GBM", "brain tumor", "oligodendroglioma", "oligoastrocytoma", "astrocytoma" and "ependymom" for the risk of glioma.
FINDINGS: Overall, 12 studies were found to be related to the association between coffee and tea consumption and glioma. In studies that investigated the association between tea consumption and glioma, tea consumption was associated with a 25% reduction in the risk of glioma. In studies that investigated the association between total coffee and tea consumption and glioma, a 40% risk reduction was observed, consuming 5 cups or more of coffee and tea per day.
The results of the study showed that increased coffee and tea consumption is associated with lower risk of glioma.