مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بابل
سال بیستم شماره 1 (پیاپی 124، دی 1396)

Interfering sub-diaphragmatic activity in the liver, bile ducts and intestines is one of the complications of myocardial perfusion imaging in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of water, milk and natural lemon juice on liver secretion and reduction of 99mTc-sestamibi radiopharmaceutical radiation in this type of imaging.
This clinical study was performed on 100 female patients referred to the Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Babol for myocardial perfusion imaging using SPECT method. These patients were randomly divided into 4 groups: patients receiving no drink (group 1), patients receiving 250 ml water (group 2), patients receiving 250 ml high-fat milk (group 3), and patients receiving 250 ml diluted lemon juice was (group 4). After measuring heart and liver absorption, their ratio was calculated (heart/liver). The rate of reduction of interfering sub-diaphragmatic activity after the use of these drinks in different groups was evaluated based on visual and semi-quantitative assessments.
Finding:The four studied groups did not differ significantly in terms of age, weight, and body mass index. The H/L ratio in group 1 was 0.13±0.038, in the group 2 was 0.15±0.039, in the group 3 was 0.17±0.055 and in the group 4 was 0.15 ± 0.039. Statistical analysis showed that interfering sub-diaphragmatic activity was only significant in group 3 in comparison with group 1 (p=0.027). In addition, based on visual and semi-quantitative assessments of raw data, only in group 3, 18 out of 25 patients had less interfering sub-diaphragmatic activity, which was significant compared to group 1 (p=0.001).
The results of the study showed that drinking at least 250 ml high-fat milk can reduce the interfering sub-diaphragmatic activity.

Amniotic membrane (AM) has a lot of applied properties like anti-bacterial characteristic mediated by peptides such as elafin. Because of limitations in use of freshly prepared tissue, there are various methods for long-term preservation of amniotic membrane. This study was conducted to determine the effect of cryopreservation, as one of the common methods of preservation of amniotic membrane, on its antibacterial property against the growth of commonly occurring bacteria in the clinic.
In this experimental study, the effect of fresh AM (from elective Cesarean) and cryopreserved (by 10% DMSO) AM on the growth of three standard bacterial strains including Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and two clinical isolated strains of E.coli were evaluated using disk diffusion test. In this method, pieces of fresh or cryopreserved AM was placed in the culture plate after bacterial culturing. After incubation, the number of plates with inhibition zone and amount of inhibition zone were measured. The amount of elafin was measured in AM samples using ELISA.
Fresh AM inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and two clinical isolated strains of E.coli. However, it has no effect on the growth of standard strain of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strain. There is no difference in the number of plates including inhibition zone between fresh and cryopreserved AM. The amount of elafin decreased significantly in cryopreserved AM (p The results of this study showed that the anti-bacterial property of the AM depends on bacterial species. In addition, the cryopreservation process maintains anti-bacterial properties of amniotic stem cells

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common disorder in women that affects their quality-of-life and performance.The present study aimed at studying the therapeutic effectiveness of combined clinical psychology and nutrition on PMS.
This study was performed on 45 women, were randomly divided into three groups1: Cognitive Behavioral Training (CBT), 2: CBT with nutrition, 3: control group, for two months. The nutrition content was adjusted in a form and the subject started two weeks prior to menstruation and followed it up to the end of the menstrual period. Cognitive-behavioral training was provided over 8 90-minute sessions. Data were recorded before and after training and two months follow-up. Anxiety questionnaires (0 to 63 scores), aggression (0 to 90 scores) were used to evaluate the variables.
There was a significant difference in the anxiety (28% reduction in CBT and 31% in CBT and nutrition) and anger (65% reduction in CBT and 55% in CBT and nutrition) variables in both groups except control (p0.05).
The results of this study showed that the use of both CBT and nutritional training methods is effective in controlling anxiety and anger.

One of the challenges of patients who are candidates for anesthesia is difficult intubation, which leads to severe complications and even death after anesthesia. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and difficult intubation through systematic review and meta-analysis.

In this review article, observational articles about the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and difficult intubation were extracted without time limit by searching national and international databases and the keywords were: difficult intubation, problematic intubation, Intra tracheal-endotracheal, difficult airway OSA, OSAS, obstructive sleep apnea, sleep breathing disorder, anesthesia, and their Persian equivalents. Data were analyzed using meta-analysis and fixed effects model. In order to study the heterogeneity and contradictions in the studies, Q Cochrane and I2 indices were used, respectively.
FINDINGS: Of the 72 found articles, 9 articles with a sample size of 1,126 and an average of 125 subjects were included in the study. The results of this study showed that the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and difficult intubation is significant (OR = 3.88, CI95% = 2.69 – 5.61). In addition, the results of the analysis based on country showed that the highest and lowest odds ratios were observed in studies conducted in France and Canada, respectively.

The results of this study showed that there is a correlation between obstructive sleep apnea and difficult intubation.

It is estimated that Hepatitis B is a major cause of liver damages and inflammation in order produced chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) of cytokine’s genes can influence the host immune response. Interleukin 17 (IL-17) produced by Thelper17 (Th17) cells, as a proinflammatory cytokine, have been found to modulate the immune system in infectious and inflammatory diseases. This study was investigated association between IL-17 rs2275913 and chronic HBV infection.

Polymerase Chain Reaction Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to genotype extracted DNA from blood samples. 130 chronic patients as a case group and 130 healthy individuals were studied for differentiation between genotype frequencies.

The genotype frequencies of rs2275913 did not show significant difference between chronic HBV patients and controls. Distribution of genotypes for rs2275913, 40.8% GG, 41.5% AG, 17.7% AA in chronic, 42.3% GG, 45.4% AG, 12.3% GG in control (Pvalue = 0.469)

Genotypes differences of IL-17 rs2275913 might not be related chronicity progression in HBV infection.

Humulus lupulus is known for its estrogenic properties as a raw material in the beverage industry. Exposure to exogenous estrogenic compounds during embryonic and neonatal periods are now of public health concern, since it may cause reproductive impairment. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate treatment with humulus lupulus during early stages of life on the onset of puberty and some reproductive indices in male rats.
In this experimental study, 20 pregnant mice were divided into five groups of four, including control (without treatment), control (saline) and three groups treated with alcoholic extract of humulus lupulus at 50, 100, 150 mg/kg/bw concentrations. They were treated daily from the seventh day of pregnancy to seven days after birth by gavage. Then, the effect of alcoholic extract of humulus lupulus on the onset of puberty, testicular weight and epididymis, sperm count, viability, and motility, testosterone concentration and the fertility of male children were evaluated.
FINDINGS: The onset of puberty in the 150 mg/kg humulus lupulus group (43.6±0.83) occurred later than the control (39.8±0.49) (p The results of this study showed that exposure of male rats to humulus lupulus in early stages of life causes late puberty and has negative effects on reproductive performance

Epilepsy is one of the most common diseases of the brain. Because of the drug resistance, finding new drugs is important. Recently, the beneficial effects of Ursodeoxycholic acid on brain disorders have been considered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)on the Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced kindling, and related learning and memory impairments on Morris water maze.
This research is an experimental study. In this study animals were divided into 4 groups. The first (n=7) and the second (n=9)groups have received three injections of 0.5 ml NaCl or 50 mg/kg of UDCA respectively and third (n=7) and fourth (n=9) groups have received fifteen injections of 0.5 ml NaCl or 50 mg/kg of UDCA respectively. All injections were given intraperitoneally(ip)(every 48 hours). In all groups, chemical kindling were started after third injections. Twenty-four hour after the last injection, spatial memory was investigated in the Morris water maze.
FINDING: Fifteen injections of UDCA significantly reduced the seizure stage from 3.5±0.17 to 3.08±0.11 and duration of stages five from 12.37±1.21 to 8.43±1.09 and increased time to reach the stage five seizures from 1021.65±72.07 to 1252.41±49.63 as compared to control group. However, three injections of UDCA have no effect on the kindling process. Three and fifteen injections of UDCA had no effect on spatial learning. In contrast to a 15 injections group, three time administration of UDCA significantly increased reference memory from 18.72±1.2 s to 26.11±1.8 s.
Ursodeoxycholic acid inhibits chemical kindling and improves kindling induced memory impairment.

Air pollution creates a wide range of acute and chronic effects in pregnant mothers. This study was carried out to determine the effect of education using Health Belief Model on improving the prevention of exposure to polluted air in pregnant women.
This quasi-experimental study was carried out in two cross-sectional and interventional sections. In the cross-sectional study, 208 pregnant women were randomly selected and data were collected based on Health Belief Model questionnaire (sensitivity, severity, benefits, barriers, practice guidance and perceived self-efficacy, while calculating the scores of each section based on 100). In the intervention study, a total of 114 pregnant women (6 to 24 weeks) were selected by multistage sampling and randomly divided into two groups of case and control. The intervention was performed according to the Health Belief Model and the subjects were followed for three months and then the data were collected and analyzed.
The variables of external action, sensitivity and barriers, predicted a total of 25% of behavioral changes. In the intervention study, the mean awareness score of mothers in the intervention group increased significantly from 43.18±15.50 before the intervention to 71.39±16.68 after the intervention and the mean performance score increased significantly form 73.14±11.29 to 84.75±8.54 (p The results of this study showed that the implementation of training program based on Health Belief Model with emphasis on predictive behaviors can be effective in reducing exposure to air pollution in pregnant women.

Considering to the efficiency of hospitals as the largest and most costly unit of the health system, is important. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of hospitals affiliated to the Babol and Mazandaran universities of medical sciences before and after the health development plan.
This practical retrospective-comparative study was conducted before and after the Health Development Plan on 21 hospitals affiliated to the Health Development Plan of Babol and Mazandaran Universities of Medical Sciences. The data were collected using the form number 1-201 and 2-201 of the university's medical council. In order to calculate the relative efficiency and ranking of hospitals using the data envelopment analysis method, input parameters and output indices were measured by CCR model.
In 2012 and 2013 before the Health Development Plan, 61.9% of the hospitals were effective and in 2015, after the Health Development Plan, 71.45% of them were effective. The plan contributes to an increase of 10% of the number of efficient units. Also, the total efficiency ratio before the plan was equal to 34.5 and in 2015, it was 45. Thus, an increase of 25% was observed in the improvement of efficiency ratio in the year following the Health Development Plan.
The results of the study showed that the efficiency and ranking of hospitals affiliated to the Babol and Mazandaran universities of medical sciences have increased after the Health Development Plan.

Glandular odontogenic cyst is a rare developmental odontogenic cyst which most frequently occures in mandible. According to low incidence and unusual shape and location of this case, we decided to report the case.

CASE REPORT:

Here we present an asymptomatic case in anterior part of maxilla that radiographically was small and unilacular mimicking as a nasopalatine duct cyst. We have found it incidentally through radiographic evaluation before implant insertion. After enucleation and curettage, histopathologic evaluation revealed a glandular odontogenic cyst. In three months follow-up, no complication or recurrence was noticed, and the site of the lesion has filled with healthy bone.

In some cases enbloc resection is suggested for glandular odontogenic cysts, but according to the size and locularity, there was no need for aggressive treatment.