مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بابل
سال هجدهم شماره 11 (پیاپی 110، آبان 1395)

Due to ever increasing demand for laparoscopic surgeries, the need for appropriate prescription of drug, faster recovery and decreasing the side effects seems more necessary than ever before. The present study was conducted to compare patient recovery after laparoscopic surgery for women using bispectral index (BIS) and standard clinical method.
This clinical trial was conducted using women that underwent laparoscopic surgery in Rasool Akram Hospital. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: group A (standard clinical method) and group B (bispectral index monitoring). For group A, general anesthetic medication was administered according to body weight and hemodynamic status. In case of increase in hemodynamic changes for 20% more than the basic pressure, 20% was added to propofol dosage. For group B, if BIS was increased or decreased, BIS was kept in the range of 45-60 by increasing or decreasing propofol for 10% gradually or continuously. Discharge time, time of reaching aldrete score of 9 or more, the amount of narcotics used, pain intensity on admission, the incidence of nausea and vomiting, systolic/diastolic blood pressure and heart rate in every 5 minutes was recorded in recovery (IRCT: 2015122919715N2).
FINDINGS: No significant difference was observed between group A (51.95±27.9) and B (49.35±21.25) in terms of discharge time. There was also no significant difference between time of reaching aldrete score of 9 or more in group A (22.6±9.02) and B (27±14.63). There was also no significant difference between the amount of narcotics used in group A (18±7.68) and B (24.62±13.51).
According to the results of this study, there is no significant difference between bispectral index (BIS) and standard clinical method in managing anesthesia and enhancing patient recovery after laparoscopic surgery for women.

Low back pain (LBP) is a musculoskeletal disorder and a relatively common complaint. Muscles, as the most important stabilizers of the spine, are impaired in patients with LBP. The aim of this study is to compare the symmetry of abdominal muscle size in the dominant and non-dominant sides as well as the painful and painless sides between healthy adolescents and adolescents with LBP.
This case-control study was conducted on 80 healthy adolescents and 80 adolescents with chronic nonspecific LBP, aged 15 to 18 years. Samples were chosen using convenience sampling method while being matched in terms of height, weight and body mass index. First, the demographic data were collected; then, their abdominal muscle size (transverse abdominus, internal oblique and external oblique) and intra-abdominal fat were measured by sonography.
FINDINGS: The difference in mean value and possibility value for transverse abdominus (p=0.024 and 0.189), internal oblique (p=0.000 and 0.861), external oblique (p=0.031 and 0.287) and intra-abdominal fat (p=0.762 and 0.081) was significant between the two groups in term of abdominal muscle size while the difference in intra-abdominal fat size was not statistically significant. Results also revealed a statistically significant difference in abdominal muscle size (except for external oblique and intra-abdominal fat) between the dominant and non-dominant sides (p The results of the present study demonstrated that abdominal muscle size in dominant and painful side is smaller than non-dominant and painless side.

Amblyopia is almost an incurable vision loss after 9 years old. There are several ways to treat, the aim of this study is to treat amblyopia before 9 years old with full-time closing of healthy eye with gradual reduction of eye closure.
This cross sectional study was done on children less than 9 years old referred to eye clinic of Babol with amblyopia. Visual acuity was recorded with the best glasses and treatment was carried out using full-time closing of healthy eye, then 6, 4, 2 and after 1-hour conservative treatment until 9 years old. Gender, age, order in treatment, cause of amblyopia, and relapse were recorded. Success was defined as an increase in visual acuity of at least 2 lines of Snellen chart.
FINDINGS: Improvement of visual acuity in the amblyopic eye at the end of treatment was 3.42 ± 2.51 Snellen lines, which was statistically significant (p The results showed that full-time eye closure by gradually reducing the time improving amblyopia. This method regardless of gender and cause of amblyopia have led to improvement of amblyopia. Improvement of visual acuity had an inverse relationship with age, therefore screening is recommended for children at a younger age.

Cryopreservation of sperm currently plays a significant role in maintaining the fertility of couples who undergo infertility treatment, particularly in patients with oligospermia and cryptospermia. To avoid recurrent biopsies, we need to dedicate a lot of time to sperm collection so that the patient is placed in infertility treatment cycles when the necessary conditions are provided. This study is dedicated to Cryopreservation of sperm in oligospermia and cryptospermia samples.
For this study, we referred to NCBI database and selected articles related to various methods of cryopreserving sperm using certain keywords such as "oligospermia", "cryptospermia" and "cryopreservation of sperm" and articles that surveyed cryopreservation in terms of medical and functional views.
FINDINGS: To cryopreserve sperm, three methods are used; slow, fast and glass. Using several preservatives in culture medium is necessary for survival of sperm. Since cryopreservation may weaken sperm mobility in patients with severe spermatogenesis disorder, researchers seek to devise new methods to reduce these effects. Using zona pellucid, volvox globator algae, alginate-agarose, cryoloop, straw and microinjection needle are among the methods advised for preserving sperms and increasing their survival rate.
According to the results of this study, using different tools to achieve best results depends on the type of samples obtained from these patients.

The impact of external factors on color of ionomer glass as a restorative material is important due to its beauty. The aim of this study was to evaluate discoloration of conventional and resin-modified ionomer glass, after the application of fluoride varnish.
In this study, 16 samples of each ionomer glass Chemfil Superior (C) and (F) Fuji II LC were prepared. Then fluoride varnish Dura shield (Sultan, USA) was used on samples (Cf, Ff). The color of each sample was measured using a spectrophotometer (Gretage Macbeth, Color-eye7000A) and digital camera (Sony Cyber-shot DSC N1) before and after the application of fluoride varnish. Obtained data from camera was converted to color space Lab CIE by MATLAB software. Discoloration (ΔE) of each sample was calculated in spectrophotometer and digital camera and statistical analysis was performed.
FINDINGS: Using spectrophotometer ΔE in Cf and Ff groups was obtained 4.44 and 5.8, respectively, but with a digital camera was 2.37 and 4.21, respectively in the same group. The application of fluoride varnish in the evaluation of a spectrophotometer and a digital camera resulted in a statistical significant color change in samples (respectively p Based on the results of this study in evaluation by spectrophotometry, application of fluoride varnish (Dura shield) led to an apparent color change in both ionomer glass. According to the same results, digital camera for evaluation of color is relatively reliable.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a reversible disease that is mainly a result of high-fat diets in humans. This study aims to induce fatty liver by formulating a high-fat diet in rats to provide a simple and accessible model for investigating various aspects of this disease.
This experimental study was conducted using 18 male Wistar rats weighing 180±20 g, randomly divided into two groups (n=9). One group was fed with standard diet whereas the other group was fed with high-fat diet (based on animal fat and cholesterol) for 10 weeks. After this period, variables of weight change, glucose, liver enzymes and serum lipid profile were measured and histopathological changes in the liver tissue were investigated and compared between the two groups.
FINDINGS: At the end of the tenth week, the mean triglycerides and serum cholesterol were 53.71±9.1 mg/dl and 56.42±5.7 mg/dl, respectively in control group, revealing a significant difference compared with the high-fat group (90.85±13.4 mg/dl and 94.28±9.9 mg/dl, respectively) (p According to the results of this study, a formulated high-fat diet can well induce a non-alcoholic fatty liver in rats.

The existence of efflux pumps such as norA is one the mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics like ciprofloxacin in staphylococcus aureus bacteria. NorA efflux pump and its gene expression and activity in ciprofloxacin resistant S. aureus strains are investigated in this study.
In this experimental study, 250 clinical samples of blood, urine, wound and trachea were collected from patients hospitalized in various hospitals of Tehran. S. aureus isolates were detected and thereafter, antibiotic resistance profile, gene expression of norA efflux pump and its existence were investigated using PCR and Real-Time PCR and the activity of norA efflux pump was investigated using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).
FINDINGS: Of 250 clinical samples, 50 S. aureus isolates were detected and the antibiotic susceptibility test results revealed that 68% of samples (34 samples) were resistant to methicillin and 32% of samples (16 samples) were susceptible to methicillin and 24% of all samples (12 samples) were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Real-Time PCR test results revealed that each type of strain has a different expression of norA gene and more resistant strains have increased expression of norA gene. Moreover, all ciprofloxacin resistant strains had active efflux pump.
The results of the study demonstrated that there is a significant relationship between gene expression of norA efflux pump, its activity and resistance to ciprofloxacin in S. aureus strains

In Persian medicine (PM), total physical, physiological and psychological properties of individuals are known as “general Mizaj (temperament)”, whereas particular signs of each organ is known as “organ Mizaj”. 9 categories of Mizaj (temperament) have been introduced and each individual belongs to one category according to dominance of a specific quality. To present proper health care directives for each individual, it is necessary to identify his general Mizaj or the Mizaj of important organs of body such as brain, liver and heart. The purpose of this study is to survey and summarize the views of PM references regarding diagnostic signs of Mizaj-e-Damagh (temperament of brain).
In this review article, we searched online databases such as SienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, Magiran as well as PM references for some key words such as “brain”, “termperament”, “Mizaj” and their Persian equivalent. Articles related to Mizaj-e-Damagh were surveyed and summarized.
FINDINGS: Out of total 181 articles, 170 articles were related to psychological views on personality types and only a few articles were dedicated to Mizaj in PM. No article was found to be directly related to indices of Mizaj-e-Damagh. Various signs were noted in these books regarding Mizaj-e-Damagh identification, but no reference has been made to the accurate methods of evaluation and their role in Mizaj identification. Condition of touch and hair, condition of sleep and wakefulness, nasal secretions level and psychic functions were the common points in these references regarding intended indices.
Considering the results of this research, conducting clinical studies to identify the extent and intensity of relationship between diagnostic signs of Mizaj-e-Damagh and Mizaj from the viewpoint of PM scholars is advised.