مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گیلان
پیاپی 110 (تابستان 1398)

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated, inflammatory disease which affects primarily the skin and joints. It occurs worldwide, but its prevalence varies considerably between different regions of the world. To determine of epidemiologic aspects and clinical features of psoriasis among the patients admitted to a tertiary referral hospital. This was a descriptive study reviewing all psoriasis patients hospitalized from March 2012 to March 2017 at the dermatology ward of tertiary Razi Hospital in Rasht, northern Iran. Of 234 patients 14 cases were excluded from the study due to paucity of data. Demographic and clinical data such as age, gender, location, type of psoriasis, time of onset, family history, comorbidities, accompanied by arthritis, nail involvement and type of treatment were gathered. Diagnosis of disease was based on clinical and histopathologic findings. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 18 software Among 220 patients entered into this study, 53.2% were men and 46.8% were women. The most popular types of psoriasis were psoriasis vulgaris (55%), pustular (26.8%), erythrodermic (12.7%) and flexural (5.5%). 199(90.5%) patients were under 20 years at the time of the onset of psoriasis and 26.4% having a positive family history of psoriasis. Hypertension and diabetes with 20.7% each, hyperlipidemia (15.4%) and cardiovascular disease (11%) were the most frequent comorbidities. 26.4% had arthritis. Psoriasis vulgaris was the most prevalent type of the disease and men were more affected than women. The age of onset in most patients was under 20 years. Hypertension and diabetes were the most comorbidities among these patients
Conflict of interest: non declared

30 to 60% of patients admitted to non-psychiatric wards have at least one significant psychiatric illness. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency, causes, and quality of psychiatric counseling requested. This descriptive study was carried out on all patients admitted to educational hospitals in Rasht, Iran from 2012 to 2014, for which psychiatric consultation was requested and their counseling sheets were available. Data were extracted based on the checklist. Assessment of the quality of the consultation request and the response quality of the counseling were done. Data were analyzed by SPSS21. The frequency of psychiatric counseling application in this study was calculated to be 0/3%. A total of 905 counseling papers were reviewed. According to the data, 51/1% of patients were female and 48/9% were male, with the mean age of 45/7 years. For 54/7% of the patients, emergency counseling and for 45/3%, of them non-emergency counseling was requested. The most requesting counseling departments were surgery and internal medicine (14/6% and 12%, respectively). The lowest frequency of consultation requests was for anesthesiology department (0/1%). The most common reason for requesting psychiatric counseling was restlessness (26/75%) and then medication setting (14/45%). The most common diagnostic suspicion in response to counseling was delirium and the average duration for requesting counseling was 2.9 days after admission. Considering the relatively low frequency and quality of counseling in this study, more attention to the use of psychiatric counseling in medical patients and coherent training of assistants to improve the quality of counseling seem necessary.
Conflict of interest: non declared

Anger and aggression are associated to many personal and social outcomes. The prevalence of this disorder is seen in some communities, including prisoners. Investigating the prevalence of intermittent explosive disorder symptoms in prisoners in central Rasht Prison. This cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1801 prisoners in central Rasht prison recruited through systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and intermittent explosive disorder questionnaire by Coccaro et al (2017).  The results showed that 18.2 percent (327 people) of prisoners are suffering from intermittent explosive disorder symptoms. The results of Chi-square test showed a significant relationship between low age and education, marriage and unemployment with the risk of intermittent explosive disorder. The results of this study have important implications for the prevention of aggressive behavior in prison.
Conflict of interest: non declared

Considering the importance of screening for diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) infection among medical students and the necessity of annual TB tests and effectiveness of preventive programs, there is an ever increasing need for undertaking research to investigate the effect of residence in hospital on the risk of tuberculosis infection among students, and planning strategies for reducing and controlling the risk. this study was undertaken to investigate the probability of tuberculosis infection in medical students during clinical education at infectious disease wards.. This is a cross-sectional comparative study performed on 70 medical students selected via census sampling method during 2015-2017. In this research, Tuberculin skin test was done on the students once in the first week of externship rotation at infectious diseases ward and the second test on that students with negative results in the internships course at the infection diseases ward, with the results analyzed accordingly. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS v.20 Software and investigated based on descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and Fisher’s exact and logistic regression tests. In the present study, the rate of positive PPD reaction at the first clinical rotation in infectious disease ward was 13% and the rate of PPD conversion during internship was 16%.  No significant relationship was found between any of the considered variables and the results of the second tuberculin test. However, a significant relationship was observed between age and positive result of the second tuberculin test (p = 0.01). There is a significant risk of tuberculosis infection in medical students during clinical education.It is recommended not only monitor the students periodically in terms of TB infection but also in case of infection prophylactic interventions to prevent new infection and active TB disease in those with PPD conversion seems necessary.
Conflict of interest: non declared

Phenol is amongst the dangerous environmental pollutants, which due to its presence in the industrial effluents, should be removed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of catalytic ozonation by calcined scallop shell as a catalyst in the removal of phenol Scallop shells were collected from the coast of Caspian Sea in Guilan (Iran) Province and used as catalysts after calcination. ozonation and catalytic ozonation experiments were performed in batch reactor. Also, phenol analysis was carried out according to standard method 5530 D. To evaluate the performance of catalytic ozonation in phenol removal, the effects of different parameters such as solution pH, catalyst dosage, initial bentazon concentration, oxygen and nitrogen gas, organic compounds and hydroxyl radical scavenger were examined. It was found that under the optimum conditions: pH= 7, catalyst doses= 0.25 g /L and initial phenol concentration= 200 mg/L the removal efficiency reached 95.55% after 60 min of ozonation. In the presence of nitrogen and oxygen gas and organic compounds, lower bentazon was degraded. Further, the kinetic results showed that first-order model was more desirable for explaining phenol degradation. Also, under the optimum conditions, the electrical energy per order (EEO) was to 49.87 kWh/m3. Due to the low cost, availability and high performance of scallop shell as a catalyst, use of it in catalytic ozonation processes for the removal of different pollutants is suggested.
Conflict of interest: non declared

Considering the effective role of nutritional behaviors in the health of individuals, the family and society also importance of the health volunteers as a one of the most important circles of community health care system in providing education to individuals; developing of these volunteers’ competence in order to promote public health is critical. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of educational intervention based on PRECEDE PROCEED Model on Nutritional Behavior in Health Volunteers. This research was a randomized controlled trial conducted on 153 health authorities in Rasht. The research instrument was a self-report, reliable and valid and based on the PRECEDE PROCEED model, completed in two periods before and two months after intervention by the groups. Using this tool, predisposing factors (knowledge and attitude), enabling factors, reinforcing factors and nutritional behavior were measured. After pre-test, 4 educational session classes were performed in intervention group. Data were analyzed by SPSS18 and one-sample and two-sample Kolmogrof-smirnov, Chi-square, T-Test, Paired T-Test, Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon. Linear regression test showed that PRECEDE PROCEED Model structures altogether account for 40 percent of healthy dietary behavior changes (R2=0.400, P<0.0001). Among the structures, Attitude (β=0.396, P<0.0001) was the most important predicting factor. The mean scores of Knowledge (P<0.0001), Attitude (P<0.0001), Enabling factors (P<0.0001) and health nutritional behavior (P<0.0001) in the intervention group were significantly different from those of control group after the educational intervention. The study results indicate a positive effect of educational intervention program based on PRECEDE PROCEED Model and components (Predisposing and Enabling factors) on the promotion of health Nutritional Behavior of Health Volunteers.
Conflict of interest: non declared

Rosa damascene Mill is a plant in the family of Rosaceae. Since many years ago, its flowers have been used in Iran for obtaining rose water. In traditional medicine of Iran, R. damascene was suggested for the treatment of different kinds of illnesses such as gastrointestinal dysfunction, gum bleeding, headache, memory disorders, wounds, and cardiovascular diseases. In the past decade, this plant has been a subject of rigorous studies to confirm its traditional therapeutic uses, to find new pharmacological effects, and to determine chemical constituents responsible for its biological actions. Alkanes, flavonoids, terpenes, and terpenoids are among the most important compounds identified in R. damascene. The experimental and clinical studies have revealed several pharmacological effects for R. damascene extracts including antiepileptic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antimicrobial, bronchodilatory, inotropic, memory-enhancing, and sleep-prolonging actions. This review presents up to date information on chemical constituents of R. damascene and discusses traditional uses and new pharmacological findings about this plant.