مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گیلان
پیاپی 43 (پاییز 1381)

Health promoting behaviors are intended to sustain or increase the level of well – being and self – actualization of a given individual or group. The school is an appropriate setting for teaching and encouraging health promoting behaviors in students. Teachers as students’ models have effective role in their training.

In this cross sectional study, 852 teachers in Kerman who were randomly selected were studied by self administered questionnaire for health promoting behaviors .16 general behaviors and 4 specific behaviors for women were evaluated.

Knowledge of overweight for height with 94% was the most prevalent and consumption of low salt diet with %23.5 was the least prevalent of general health promoting behaviors. Knowledge of immunity against rubella with 72% was the most prevalent and monthly self-breast exam was the least prevalent health promoting behaviors in women’s specific behaviors.

Preparing project for teaching health promoting behaviors for teachers in the first step and then providing such a project for teaching students in the next step could spread these behaviors in society, and improve level of general health.

Upper abdominal and thoracic surgery contributes most of surgical operations. Sever postoperative pain deteriorates respiratory functions and leads to complications such as hypoventilation and atelectasis. If an interpleural nerve block reduces respiratory complications, it will reduce analgesic drugs in take, hospitalization period and costs.

The main goal of this study was comparison of Morphine requirement in patients who under went Cholecystectomy.

In this double blind study patients were divided into two groups equally, each group had 72 patients. First group received placebo, and 2nd received Bupivacaine 0.5 percent. The solution was injected by a surgeon via surgical incision into pleural cavity at the end of procedure. After injection, patients were monitored during the next 24 hours due to pain and Morphine requiring.

The average of Morphine dosage which was injected after surgery in placebo group was 7.86±0.26 mg and in case group was 5.50± 0.50 mg(p<0.01). In placebo group about 83 percent and in case group about 19 percent of patients received Morphine (p<0.0001). In placebo group the average time between end of surgery and the first injection of Morphine was 4.33± 0.27 hr and in case group was 7.64 ± 0.96 hr (p<0.01).

We can conclude that in case group analgesic requirements were reduced and duration between end of surgery and first dose of injection was prolonged. This technique was carried out through the surgical incision trans diaphragmatically during anesthesia, which had no pain. In previous studies the patients were blocked transcutaneously in wake state after surgery.

Blastocystis hominis protozo is one of the most common intestinal parasites. Several results have been performed on its pathogenicity, some of which proved the parasite to be pathogenic specially in the immunocompromised patients while others emphasized on it’s non pathogenicity.

The goal of this study was to determine the pathogenicity of this parasite.

58 patients with intestinal symptoms who referred to the parasitological research lab were diagnosed to be merely infected with Blastocystis hominis protozoa using direct, formalin-ether and Staning methods to find parasite and EMB and SSagar methods to identify bacteria. Then the patients were randomly divided into two groups, 29 as case group treated with metronidazole and 29 as control group with no treatment but under observation.

After the treatment Period no parasite was found in 65.5% of the control group and 27.6% of the case group. Symptoms relief was observed in 82.8% of the control group and 34.5% of the patients in the case group after the treatment period.

According to the significant difference between the two groups (p<0.05) in symptom relief and parasite eradication, blastocystosis was considered pathogenic. Further studies are required to identify the regional isolate of Blastocystis hominis and to determine the effective and appropriate drug to eradicate them.

Ovarian tumors do not often occur during pregnancy but when they do compose a real problem in clinical practice and their management may be of crucial importance.

This study performed to find the abundance of ovarian mass that incidentally recognized during cesarean section and their pathologic feature.

In a descriptive retrospective study a series of 63 cases of incidentally recognized ovarian tumors during cesarean section from August 21,1992 to August 21, 1998 were investigated with respect to relative frequency, pathological findings, age distribution, Bilaterality and size of the tumors.

Relative frequency of ovarian tumor accompanied cesarean section was I in 360. Dermoid cyst was the most common lesion found (27 percent), 26.7 percent of functional cysts was bilateral, remainder was unilateral (100 percent), 76.9 percent of neoplastic masses and 23.1 percent of non- neoplastic masses was ≥8cm and the relative frequency of malignant tumors was 4.8 percent.

The results of this study are relatively comparable with others, Also pathologic findings are comparable.

Information on mosquitoes of the genus Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae), despite of their Medical and health importance, is very little in Iran.

To study mosquito fauna in Guilan province, an investigation was carried out during April to December 2000.

The whole set of 2478 adult specimens from 64 habitats and 6656 larvae from 127 larval breeding places was collected.

Four species of the Genus Aedes were identified as follow: 1. Ae.caspius(Ochlerotatus caspius) 2. Ae.echinus (Oc.echinus) 3. Ae.geniculatus (Oc.geniculatus) 4. . Ae.vexans

In this study, all species of the genus Aedes which had been reported in Guilan were collected and Ae.echinus (Oc.echinus) was reported for the first time in the province too. In this article the distribution and percentage of the frequency of the genus Aedes in Guilan province were discussed.

Muscle cramps are sever, involuntary and painful muscle contractions which mostly occur in the muscles of legs. Muscle cramps in hemodialysis patients are very common and one of the most common causes of discontinuation of hemodialysis.

In an experimental study the effects of vitamin E in treatment of muscle cramps in hemodialysis patients were compared with placebo.

During a one-month pretreatment study, the number, severity and duration of cramps were recorded in the checklist, weekly. Patients with at least six cramps per month were included in the study and designated in the case or control group, randomly. Study continued for three months during which patients in the case group received 400 mg vitamin E every night and placebo in control group.

There was no difference between the number of occurrence, severity and duration of muscle cramps in the case and control groups in the first month of study (during pretreatment time). The mean number of cramps in the first month was 23 and in the second month was 7.3 (p<0.001). Duration of cramps in the first and second months was 27.1 and 12.8 minutes respectively (p<0.001) and for the severity of cramps was 8.7 and 4.5 respectively (p<0.01). These variables did not change significantly during the third or forth month, compared to the second month of study.

It can be concluded, therefore, that vitamin E administration might be beneficial for prevention of muscle cramps of hemodialysis patients.

There is a necessity for engaging the health workers in action research to develop the health condition of the society. The aim of this investigation was to assess the needs of the peripheral health workers for action research.

In this qualitative approach (Focus Group Discussion) four groups of GPs, nurses, health workers and health promoters participated to discuss their needs for health research.

The findings revealed that they felt the necessity of research for solving the health problems and developing the health condition of the people under their coverage and wanted to participate in research activities. They had not trained in methodologies of problem finding and analysis, data collection and interpretation as well as planning for intervarsity.

The results of this investigation in completion with those of the key informant interviews and the quantitative method led to designation of the module named 10 steps in Health Systems Research which is tailored for health workers to enable them to conduct action research.

Diabetes millitus is one of the most common disorders that its complications involved every organ such as skin. Some of skin Conditions can be regarded as cutaneous markers of diabetes while others are related to its characteristic complications such as vascular disorders or peripheral neuropathy. Early diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders can prevent other serious complications such as diabetic foot.

Thus, with the aim of detecting the prevalence of cutaneous manifestations of DM, we examined 351 diabetic patients that consecutively attending the outpatient diabetes clinic at the Razi hospital in Rasht in 2000–1, on the basis of complete dermatological examination in a analytic descriptive convenience non-probability sampling study. We made use of paraclinic examinations in suspicious cases. We studied the relation of cutaneous manifestations to type of DM, age, sex and diabetes duration. Analysis was performed by Chi–square and t test.

Diabetic skin manifestations were detected in 70.1% diabetic patients. Majority of patients with skin lesions were older than 45 years (65%). Our study showed significant difference between involvement by skin lesions and duration of DM (p=0.001) and sex (male>female) (p=0.01). This study did not show significant difference between involvement by skin lesions and age, and type of DM. Infection (28.6%) was the most common finding followed by skin tag (25.8%), pruritus (23.8%), pallid and cool skin on distal extremities (19.4%) and diabetic dermopathy (13.6%). Among skin infections, the most common were fungal infections (24%).

Thus, in this study skin lesions were common in DM patients and the most frequent cutaneous manifestations were infections (especially fungal infections). For these reasons, education and special attention to medical staff and patients and searching practical approach to early diagnosis and treatment of skin lesions seem to be necessary.

Infection is the most common complication of burn and one of the most important causes of mortality and morbidity in burned patients. Topical antibiotics have important role in prevention and treatment of infection and reduction of mortality in burned patients. Increases of use of antibiotics cause microbial resistance.

To determine microbial resistance to three topical antibiotics Silver Nitrate, Silver Sulfadiazine and Mafenide Acetate in the center of burning accident in Kerman a cross- sectional study with 145 during 4 months was designed. After 3 days biopsy was taken from burned site and after culture and determination of microorganism, antibiogram test was done.

Data were shown that the most common microorganism were Klebsiella, Pseudomonas and S.areous. The most effective topical antibiotic was Mafenide Acetate and Silver Nitrate was the most resistant topical antibiotic. There was statistically significant difference between these topical antibiotics in resistant against microorganisms. (P<0.05)

The results as other studies determined Mafenide Acetate is the best topical antibiotic in prevention of burn infection.

Acromegaly usually caused by increases Growth Hormone (G.H) secretion Pituitary adenoma. Sometimes Atopic acromegaly reported after tumors such as lung, pancreas and colon cancers.

The aim of this article was to determine the best method of treatment in these patients.

In this article 2640 patients who underwent surgery between 1982-1999 were studied.

2440 patients operated transsphnoid, 200 transcranial and 85 with mixed method.

Regarding to suitable response and better chance of treat with surgery in comparison with Radiotherapy and the range of healing and complications of recent management, surgery recommended as the best management for acromegaly.