مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گیلان
پیاپی 94 (تابستان 1394)

Abstract Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is a non-steroidal anti inflammatory drug, causing reproductive failure in human males or animals. To evaluate the effect of acetylsalicylic acid on sperm chromatin dispersion test, testosterone and LH in adult mouse. In this experimental study, 49 adult male mice were equally divided into seven groups. Group 1 (control) received no drug. Group 2 (sham) received vehicle. Groups 3,4,5,6 and 7 received 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 5 mg ASA, on daily basis, respectively. All animals were treated orally for 14 days. On day 15, epididymis was removed and evaluations were made by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and SCD test for the study of serum testosterone or LH level and sperm DNA fragmentation, respectively. Data were analyzed using statistical tests of ANOVA, Tuckey or correlation test. Level of significance was set at p<0.05. Serum LH levels were not changed in all groups; however; in groups 5,6 testosterone levels were significantly reduced (p<0.05). ASA in groups 5,6 and 7 reduced large halosperms. DNA fragmentation was significantly increased just in 5mg/kg group. There was no statistical correlation between LH levels and SCD test findings. A negative correlation was found between small hallo fragmented sperms and testosterone (p<0.02 r= -0.347). The results showed that ASA has deleterious effects on sperm DNA, especially in dose of 5mg/kg. There is a significant correlation between testosterone and sperm DNA fragmentation in higher doses of ASA. These effects may be due to testosterone hormone alterations.

Abstract Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is representative of a group of ulcerative disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract, mainly involving the stomach and duodenum. Free radicals and oxidative stress have been proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer. To inactivate reactive oxygen species cells biosynthesize several antioxidant enzymes, one of which is catalase which converts H2O2 to H2O and O2. This study aimed to examine an association of Catalase -262C>T polymorphism with PUD. The study included 84 patients with PUD and 70 healthy individuals. Genomic DNA was isolated from bioptic tissues. Genotype and allele frequencies were determined in patients and controls using Tetra-Primer ARMS-PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using the MedCalc program. The prevalence of genotype frequencies of the CC, CT and TT in patients with PUD were %35.7, %41.6 and %22.6, respectively, while in healthy volunteers were %71.4, %21.4 and %7.1, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated a significant association between the polymorphism of catalase and peptic ulcer disease (P=0.0001). The presence of the T allele at position -262 C>T catalase gene might be as a risk factor for PUD in the study population. However, further studies of CAT polymorphism are needed to understand the role of CAT gene polymorphisms in the development of PUD.

Abstract

Population of the elderly is on the rise in Iran. Health care staff have an important role in educating the community and preventing and managing the illnesses related to elderly disorder (such as Alzheimer disease).

Determination of Investiating the Knowledge and Practice about Prevention of Alzheimer Disease in Health Care Workers.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 72% health professionals of Health network of Rasht completed a questionnaire on knowledge and practice about preventaion of Alzheimer disease. Data were analyzed by SPSS and Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient, Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis H.

The mean age of participants was 40. 8 (SD=7. 1) years with 71% being female. Only, 32% of them had good knowledge about Alzheimer disease and 21. 9% had good function in performing preventive measures for the disease. The majority of participants had moderate knowledge (66%) and function (77%) for Alzheimer disease. The results of Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient showed that there was no significant relationship between knowledge and function (p=0. 029, r=0. 133).

Knowledge and function of health care workers of Rasht city is in the moderate level. Given the non significant relationship between knowledge and function among participants, further investigations into other factors influencing the function are suggested. Conflict of interest: non declared و

Abstract Aging is a physiological process, and it seems that Iranian population progresses to old aging more rapidly. Hearing loss is the most common otolaryngologic manifestation of aging, with direct and indirect expenditure for both the individuals and systems, that remains far from attention in many cases. Evaluation of audiologic disorders in geriatric population of rural areas of Rasht city, Guilan province in north of Iran, given the importance of the issue. In this descriptive cross-sectional study performed in 2013, we randomly selected 35 rural areas and then, elderly population of those areas were selected randomly, with informed consent obtained from them and then they were examined by general practitioners, ENT specialists, and an audiologist. Data were recorded and analyzed. Of the 421 geriatric cases (52.8% male and 47.2% female), 324 underwent audiological testing. Sensorineural hearing loss in the right or left ear of 290 cases (89.5%), conductive hearing loss in 13 ears (4.01%), normal hearing in 20 (6.17%), and mixed hearing loss in one ear (0.3%) were detected. As revealed, 263 (90.68%) were with mild to moderate hearing loss, and 27 (9.31%) had severe hearing impairment. The pattern of hearing loss was in higher frequencies (247 cases: 76.23%), flat hearing loss in 53 patients (16.35%), and in the low frequencies in 4 cases (1.23%), as observed. In the elderly population living in rural areas in Rasht city, hearing disorders are relatively common and noticeable.

Abstract There has been growing public concern on the effects of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emitted by cellular phones on human health. Although few studies showed cell phone usage may have a detrimental effect on human sperm motility and viability, the harmful effects of cell phone radiation on sperm DNA has not been evaluated. This study aimed to determine the effects of cell phone radiation on sperm viability, motility, and count and DNA damage by a fluorescence method and evaluate abnormal chromatin condensation. This is an experimental study in which semen samples were collected from 18 fertile males presenting to an infertility center. Each sample was divided equally into two aliquots: control group (sample not exposed) and exposure group (sample exposed to cell phone by 1 centimeter distance for 10 minutes continuously). Sperm parameter was performed based on WHO standard criteria and we determined the mean of concentration, motility (I, II, III and IV), and viability of each group and DNA damage evaluated with acridine orange (AO) staining. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s test using SPSS version 16 software. The results indicated that exposure group showed a significant decrease in the rapid progressive, slow progressive sperm movement and viability. It also increases the no–motility category of sperm movement and abnormal sperm significantly (p<0.05). However, the AO staining showed that the exposure group samples had a greater DNA damage as well as yellow and red to green sperm, compared to control group. We can conclude that electromagnetic waves emitted from cell phones may lead to a significant decrease in sperm viability and motility. Also, the exposure samples exhibited a greater DNA damage, compared to the controls.

Abstract In several research studies, interpersonal problems and disregulation of emotion were shown to be psychological variables related to obesity. The aim of this research is comparison of the effects of interpersonal therapy and regulation of emotion on the reduction of weight in obese women. 40 women by BMI > 29.9 participated in the study, who had been referred to the weight loss clinic of Sina hospital of Tehran. They were selected by available sampling and based on random table. The subjects were asked to fill Interpersonal Problem questionnaire (IPP-60) and Emotional Regulation questionnaire (ITEC-27). They were divided into two groups randomly and were six months under interpersonal therapy and integrative training of emotional competencies. At the end of the treatment sessions and three months after it, the group's reduction of weight were re-examined in terms of body mass index. Statistical methods included independent and dependent t-test and analysis of covariance and P<0/05 was considered significant. Interpersonal therapy reduced interpersonal problems and integrative training of emotional competencies improved regulation of emotion. Both of the treatments could reduce weight in obese women. Based on the results, it can be concluded that interpersonal therapy rather than integrative training of emotional competencies can help lose more weight, three months after the end of treatment.

Abstract Aids from social problem perspective،negative thoughts overcome and social label not only affects physical but also mental and social health of patients. Comparing state of living happily, quality of life and coping strategies while stressed in the HIV+ men with healthy counterparts. This research is a descriptive, comparative one, conducted on all the men who came to the clinic for HIV counseling and behavioral disorders in Rasht in 2013. Using simple sampling, 100 subjects including 50 men with HIV infection and 50 healthy controls were selected and matched. Oxford happiness questionnaire, quality of life questionnaire SF-36 and Billings and Moos coping strategies questionere were used to collect data. To analyze data, the independent t, Pearson correlation covariance and analysis were used. There was a significant difference between average scores of living happily and coping strategies while stressed in the men with +HIV and those healthy (p<0/001). Average scores of life quality of healthy men in physical performance, role playing limitation, emotional problems, fatigue, pain and public health with patients infected with HIV+, were significantly different. (p<0. 0001). But the difference between emotional health and social performance in the two groups was not significant. There was a significant difference between happy life, quality of life and coping strategies with stress in the men with +HIV and healthy ones and + HIV seems to reduce the signs of a happy life, the quality of life, and coping styles.

Abstract Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is defined as a set of physical and psychological symptoms that occur during the Luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Among this complaint, anxiety is more common and aversive. This study was designed to reduce anxiety through comparison of the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral therapy and group cognitive hypnotism in women with premenstrual syndrome. The study was done using semi-experimental method on women and girls who were referred to 12 Health centers of Rasht city in 2013. Available sampling was used and 30 women with premenstrual syndrome were selected and divided into 3 groups of 2 experimental groups and 1 control group randomly. The first experimental group, received 8-week group cognitive behavioral therapy, and the second group received hypnosis cognitive therapy group. The third group received no special treatment: 8 item Premenstrual syndrome inventory and the Beck’s questionnaires anxiety were used in pre-test and Post- test. Data were analysed using covariance analysis and Tukey. The results show both therapies were effective on reducing anxiety in women with PMS (p<0/001). Also, CBGT, in comparison with hypnotism group was not different in reducing anxiety signtificantly in women with PMS. The results showed that psychological therapies were effective for Premenstrual syndrome and given their fewer complications, such therapies are more recommended than the medication treatment. In addition, considering similar effectiveness of CBGT and hypnotherapy, using the latter as a substitute for CBGT is recommended, especially in women’s diseases.

Abstract: Introduction Breast cancer is one of the most Frequent cancerns in females and its diagnosis and screening is important enough. Accuracy of mammography was studied in many research studies. Efficacy of Mammography for Diagnosis in Breast Mass Cases Among Different Age Groups. In a retrospective study, 114 patients affected by breast mass, referred to one surgeon were assessed. They were evaluated by mammography at first and then a tissue sample was taken during surgery. Results were compared between the groups, and accuracy of mammography and its characters and age relationships were evaluated. In our study, in 114 patients, sensitivity and specificity of mammography in breast mass were 84%. (95% CT: 76-98%) and 50% (95% CT: 12-87%). Results of the test revealed that, specificity of the test in range of< 40yr and > 60 yr, is 100% and sensitivity of the test was 84% in age range of 40-60 years old. Specificity of microcalcification was 100% and sensitivity of the margin of the mass was96%. Mammography is an important and accurate enough diagnostic test in breast mass. For evaluation and report of the test, there are important characters, such as microcalcification, mass margins and lymphadenopathy. On the other hand, accuracy of test in the two groups of patients (<40 yr and > 60 yr) is better than ages between 40-60 yr. The results of this study give us an insight into mammography as a helpful procedure which can help make better decisions, and plan more efficiently for the respective patients.

Abstract Traditional medicine is a set of skills and knowledge and practice based on theories and experiences indigenous to different cultures used for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of mental and physical diseases. Given the differences in attitudes and demographic characteristics of the population in traditional medicine, guiding public opinion toward this kind of practice is important. To determine the demographic characteristics and attitudes about traditional medicine among patients in Ghaem clinics in Rasht, northern Iran. This study was a descriptive cross - sectional study on 132 patients in Ghaem clinics in Rasht that is specialist center for some traditional medications (i.e., bloodletting, leeches and bloodletting therapy). The study was performed during the first quarter of 2013.Convenience sampling and the reasercher questionnaire consisting of 33 items with 5 option Likert scale were used to collect data. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was calculated 88.Content validity was confirmed by the university teachers. Statistical analyses including descriptive statistics and analysis Kolmogorov Asprynf test, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed using the spss software version 21. The most frequent reason of patients referred to the clinic was their rheumatic and joint pains(25/8)%, headache(18/5%)and sinusitis and Hypertension(8/9%). Their knowledge of traditional medicine and health benefits were from reading books and internet(40.2 %),the experiences of others(36.5%),newspapers, television and the mass media(1.5%), and friends’ recommendations (29%). In general, a positive attitude towards the traditional medicine was observed with a mean score of approximately (3/9) of 5criteria. Most clients asked for better promotion of traditional medicine on TV and radio, and arranging training classes. Also, 70% of clients say that lower expenses, better treatment with no uncomplications and shorter treatment course were the main reasons that they consult the traditional centers. The Ministry of Health and policymakers should inform, and supervise the centers offering traditional medicine, to pave the way for the popularity of this precious medical legacy. The inclusion of courses in medical and pharmaceutical fields is highly desirable for this end. Also, the more publicity through the mass media, especially television, and short term courses can be useful in this context.