مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 10 (پیاپی 123، دی 1395)

Cancer is one of the most harmful disease throughout the world. Doxorubicin is an anti-cancer agent¡ used in the treatment of various types of the cancer such as bone cancer. There are several adverse effects related to clinical usage of Doxorubicin for long time. The present study aimed to investigate the reducing side effects and enhancing the therapeutic effect by liposomal carrier.
Liposomes containing DPPG and cholesterol with the molar ratio of 70:30 with the Doxorubicin were synthesized by pH- gradient method. The average diameter of nanoparticles and surface charge was determined by Zeta-Sizer instrument. The amount of drug loaded and drug-released was determined using dialysis. The surface morphology and internal lamella was evaluated by TEM and SEM.
The average size of liposomal Doxorubicin obtained using Zeta-Sizer was 126 nm. The encapsulation efficacy of liposomal Doxorubicin was 89%. The total amount of drug release during 48 hours in acidic medium studied by dialysis technique was 46%.
In this study¡ investigation of loading Doxorubicin into nano-liposome with the slow- released kinetic was carried out to improve the solubility and bioavailability of Doxorubicin in order to delivery to osteosarcoma cell line.

Relationship between periodontal infection and pulp pathosis has been debated for many years. This human case control study was performed to evaluate the possible effects of moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis on pulp stone formation and pulpal calcifications.
Current study is an experimental case control study. Samples included 23 hopeless permanent teeth, affected with periodontitis in the case group and 23 periodontally healthy teeth in the control group, which were extracted for reasons like full denture treatment plan. After extraction and sectioning the apical 2-3 mm of root, teeth were immersed in 10% Formalin solution for 7 days. Then, teeth were decalcified in 5% HNO3 for 10 days. After implementation of tissue preparation steps, sections were made of apical, middle and coronal part of root of each sample. After histological processing, sections were examined by an experienced pathologist under a light microscope. Prescence of pulp stone was investigated in the sections and the results of the two groups were compared with each other.
Frequency of pulp stone showed no significant differences between the case and control groups in non of sections. (P-value= 0.730, 0.300, 0.760).
Inflammation of periodontium in chronic periodontitis has no influence on pulp stone formation.

Oxidative stress can promote the development of complications of diabetes. Moderate exercise improves cardiac antioxidant status in diabetic animals. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 week endurance exercise training on some heart antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation of heart tissue in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
To this end, 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: the healthy control group (C), diabetic control group (DC) and trained diabetic group (TD). Animals in TD group were exercised on a treadmill 4 days a week for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in heart tissues. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (p The CAT and GPx activities of the heart tissue in DC group were found to be significantly higher (p=0.000) in compared with C group, whereas SOD activity was not found significantly different among the experimental groups. Also, heart GPx activity in TD group was significantly lower (p=0.000) than that of DC group, while CAT activity was not affected by endurance training. After 8-week endurance exercise (TD group), the MDA levels of heart tissue were significantly higher (respectively p The results of the present study have demonstrated that due to decreased GPx activities and MDA levels, endurance exercise may make the heart tissue more susceptible to oxidative stress.

Given the importance of increasing the percentage of natural childbirth , Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran decided to reduce the rate of caesarean. In line with this, guidelines of promoting the vaginal delivery programs were designed in order to increase the amount of natural childbirth in the university centers and reduce the cesarean rate by 10 percent by the end of 2014 in the context of healthcare reform programs. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of caesarean sections performed in academic and non-academic hospitals in Yazd between 2013 and 2014
This was a descriptive and analytical study. 56050 deliveries were carried out in academic and non-academic hospitals during the years 2013 and 2014. The census information collected and analyzed using SPSS 20. . To analyze the data, frequency and percentage descriptive statistics were used.
Cesarean rate in 2014 was 47.37% in all of hospitals in Yazd and this rate was significantly higher in non-academic hospitals than academic ones. The rates of cesarean section in2014 were significantly decreased compared with 2013 in all non-academic and academic hospitals.
Finally, this study showed that healthcare reform plan and planning for the use of this procedure in certain cases can reduce the amount of unnecessary caesarean sections and possible side effects.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most important complications of mechanical ventilation and cause of mortality in traumatic patients under mechanical ventilation admitted in the ICU (intensive care unit). The aim of current study was comparing sedationreceived as bolus and infusion at incidence of VAP in intubated traumatic patients in the ICU.
This study was a prospective descriptive-analytical one. Current study was carried out on the patients under mechanical ventilation admitted to ICUs in Imam Khomeini hospital of Sari city, from September 2015 to September 2016. Inclusion criteria included traumatic patients older than 18 years admitted to the ICU and under mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours. In addition to demographic data, patient's clinical information was daily recorded. Patients’ followed-up was continued until discharge from the ICU, ventilator weaning or death.
total of 2304 patients were admitted to the ICU, of which 186 traumatic patients under mechanical ventilation longer than 48 hours were reviewed and analyzed. Among 66 traumatic patients receiving sedation(82.8%), 66 patients (42.9%) as blouse, and 42 patients (27.3%) as infusion had received sedationdrug. The incidences of VAP in the patients receiving sedationas bolus or infusion were 6.1% and 52.4%, respectively. The comparison of VAP incidence among the patients receiving sedationas bolus and infusion, showed a significant difference (p Sedative injection as infusion and continuous for more than 24 hours can remarkably increase incidence of VAP in traumatic patients under mechanical ventilation in the ICU in comparison to the sedation injection as blouse. Therefore, paying attention to this risk factor for controlling and reducingthe incidence of VAP is necessary in these patients.

Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is rooted in inflammation and inflammation is along with the increase of ICAM-1. The aim of the present study was to review the effect of combination of high interval training and flaxseed oil supplementation on plasma concentration of ICAM-1 of rats.
In this experimental study, 30 rats were selected and divided into six groups of five male rats, including (1) control, (2) training, (3) 10 mg/kg Flaxseed oil, (4) 30 mg/kg Flaxseed oil, (5) training with 10 mg/kg Flaxseed oil and (6) training with 30 mg/kg Flaxseed oil. Groups of 2, 5 and 6 were trained with high intensity interval training for 10 weeks and five sessions per week, also groups 3 to 6 received flaxseed oil for 10 weeks. For statistical analysis of data two way ANOVA test was used (p≤0.05).
10 weeks treating high intensity interval training for 10 weeks had significant effect on the increase of the plasma concentration of ICAM-1 of male rats (p=0.001). Nevertheless, Taking 10 weeks 10 and 30 mg/kg flaxseed oil supplementation for 10 weeks has significant effect on reducing the plasma concentration of ICAM-1 of rats (p=0.001). Training and taking flaxseed oil supplementation have interactional effect on reduingc the plasma concentration of ICAM-1 of male rats (p=0.001).
Combination of high intensity interval training and flaxseed oil supplementation has interactional effects on the improvement of plasma concentration of ICAM-1 in male rats.

Tension-type headache is a common psychosomatic disease with physical and psychological symptoms causes impairment in different lives. As stress and emotional distress are the start-up factors in different headaches, emotion regulation can be considered as an important factor in effective control and adaptation of this disorder. The present research is trying to investigate the effect of the training of emotion regulation on the level of distress tolerance and reduction of emotion regulation difficulties on female patients with tension headache disorders.
This is a semi experimental study with pretest-posttest design with a control and experimental groups. The statistical random sampling in this research were taken in Isfahan in the year 91 including female patients effected with tension-type headaches in two groups. 30 patients were selected and randomly assign to experimental and control groups. Before treatment, the patients received questionaires regarding the difficulties of emotion regulations (DERS) and tention tolerance (DTS). Finally, post-test and follow-up activities along with evaluation and measurment of the results were implemented. The duration of the treatment for the research group was 8 sessions (one session each week) and follow-up activities were effected 30 days after post-test. The data was analyzed by spss-20 software with covariance method.
Findings after analysis showed that emotion regulations led to the decrease of the level of the strict difficulties of emotion regulation and also enhancement of distress tolerance of the patients bearing headache tensions. (P Based on these findings, it can be claimed that giving the trainings regarding emotion regulations, while helping patients through giving awareness about their positive and negative emotions, especially by helping them to have access to and put forward their difficulties in due course, can reduce drastically the difficulties of emotion regulation and can enhance tension tolerance level in female patients.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world and this infection is a major public health challenge. TB control is largely dependent on the early diagnosis and managements of suspected cases. Today, for laboratory diagnosis of TB infection, several bacteriological and immunological methods such as sputum smear microscopy, sputum culture and tuberculin skin test are used. Although they have not been very successful in decreasing TB cases as expected. In recent decades, tuberculin skin test or Mantoux test has been used as a screening and diagnosing method; low specificity and sensitivity are main shortcoming of this method. In the recent years, in order to modifying mentioned defects, interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) have emerged as an immunodiagnostic tool to detect latent tuberculosis. In this review, we discuss the advantages of new immunologic tests in diagnosis of TB.