مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 12 (پیاپی 125، اسفند 1395)

The madder (Rubia tinctorum) is one of the most important crops for medical and industrial applications. This product maybe infected by Fusarium species that produces potentially fatal mycotoxins. The purpose of this current research is to identify toxins produced by madder seeds-associated Fusarium fungi using molecular and biochemical methods.
From major areas of cultivation of madder seeds in Yazd province including, Ardekan and Bafgh, sampling was done. Culture and purification of Fusarium isolates were taken place in specific media. Detection of fungi with the ability to produce trichothecenes mycotoxins such as nivalenol (NIV) through gene-specific primers for Tri13 by the polymerase chain reaction method (PCR) was performed. To confirm the NIV production potential, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied.
In this study, five Fusarium species including F.solani, F.oxysporum, F. poae, F. semitectum, and F. eqiuesti were identified from madder seeds. The results showed that among Fusarium species isolated from madder seeds, F. poae and F. equiseti have the ability to produce NIV. The gene involved in NIV synthesis, Tri13, was detected in two species so that all these isolates were identified as NIV producing type. The HPLC performance showed that all studied Fusarium species, have the potential to produce NIV mycotoxin.
Based on results, Tri13 gene has a crucial role in trichothecene produce. Thus, the PCR method can be used in various products for faster detection of fungi have the potential mycotoxin production. Given that this is the first report of NIV trichothecene in seeds of madder in Yazd, a proscriptive measure should be taken to control and reduce the fungal and toxin production in these products.

Enterococci are opportunistic bacteria that play a significant role in creating nosocomial infections. These bacteria recognized as the second cause of urinary tract infections in hospitalised and non-hospitalised patients worldwide. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of vancomycin resistance genes and antibiotic resistance patterns in VRE strains.
This cross-sectional study was carried out on 48 Enterococcus isolates collected from urinary of hospitalised and non-hospitalised pymaniye hospital patients in south of Fars province. Enterococci separation was performed through Biochemical tests. Sensitivity to conventional antibiotics and vancomycin according to CLSI criteria was conducted by using disk diffusion method and measuring MIC through Broth Broth dilution method. Then the presence of van A, van B, van C1/C2 genes in VRE strains were measured through multiplex PCR technique.
Out of total isolated Enterococci, 13 (27/08%) belonged to E.faecalis, 6(12/50%) to E.faesium and 29 (60/42%) non-faecalis and non-faecium. In total, 21 strains (43/75%) were VRE and resistance to all groups of antibiotics observed in 3 (14/28%) strains. 4strains (40%) had vanA gene and 2 strains (20%) had vanB gene. But none of the strains were carrying vanC1/C2 and none of the investigated genes observed in 4 strains.
According to wide emergence of the vancomycin resistant enterococci, application of precautionary and management procedures are highly required. Furthermore, avoidance from arbitrarily taking of antibiotics is recommended.

Evidences suggest an association between the prevalence of thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and infertility. About 5-10 percent of euthyroid women have anti-TPO antibodies.. The aim of this study was to obtain the prevalence of anti TPO antibodies in euthyroid women with unexplained infertility referred to IVF center in Afzalipour Hospital in 2013-2014.
Through convenience sampling 75 euthyroid women with unexplained infertility were selected for the experience group and 150 euthyroid fertile women with one successful pregnancy for the control group. Anti-TPO antibodies were measured and evaluated by Liaison method in serum of participant.
Serum anti-TPO antibodies were significantly higher in infertile euthyroid women comparing to the healthy group (infertile group:15/4±3/61,fertile group:5/68±0/65 p=0/013). In the fertile group, serum anti-TPO antibody levels were significantly different between women with positive aborted history and the negative ones. There was no significant relation between age, BMI, TSH level and abuse of opium in two groups. There was also no significant relation between serum anti TPO antibody in one side and TSH level ,BMI and gravidity on other side in each group.
The results of our study show for the first time that serum anti-TPO antibodies were significantly higher in infertile euthyroid women comparing to healthy group. We put in that anti TPO antibody measured in infertile women.

Both environmental and genetic factors have been implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The objectives of the present study were: 1) to investigate the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on fasting glucose, insulin and TCF7L2 expression in pancreas tissue of T2D rats, 2) to determine the relation between TCF7L2 expression with insulin changes in the HIIT and control groups.
In the present applied-experimental study, T2D male Wistar rats induced by intraperitoneal streptozotocin-nicotinamide were assigned to control (no-training) and HIIT (5 times/week/12-week) groups. Fasting glucose, serum insulin and TCF7L2 expression in pancreas tissues of both groups were measured after lasted exercise and compared between 2 groups by independent T test. Also, the relation between TCF7L2 expression and insulin of HIIT to the control group was assessed by Pearson correlations.
The HIIT training in the training group was associated with improved fasting glucose compared with the control group (P HIIT training is associated with improvements in glycemic control and insulin secretion in T2D rats. Based on these data, this improvement can be attributed to decrease in TCF7L2 expression at pancreas tissues by HIIT training.

Aflatoxin is the most important mycotoxin toxicity and can enter the animal or human reproductive systems and cause some problems in relation to semen quality and fertility decline. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aflatoxin on histological structure of the testes and sperm characteristics and cellular targets in spermatogenic compartment and blood level of testosterone and fertility potential.
In this experimental study, 40 adult male mice were divided into 4 groups as the control and experimental groups. Experimental groups have received aflatoxin (100, 350, 700µg/kg) by gastric intubation daily. After 45 days, the mice were sacrificed and sperm samples were collected from cauda epididyms in order to evaluate the sperm parameters and perform the in-vitro fertilization analyses.
Analyses of sperm parameters demonstrated that sperm motility decreased remarkably (P Totally, the present results highly support the idea that aflatoxin induces testicular toxicity with adverse effect on sperm quality and fertility potential in a dose-dependent manner.

Uterine leiomyomas arise from the proliferation of smooth muscle cells. ACE gene encodes a convertase enzyme mainly secreted in vascular endothelial cells which is involved in the renin–angiotensin system and blood pressure controlling. This gene has an insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism correlates to serum and tissue ACE levels. The aim of this study is to elucidate the relationship between ACE gene variation and the development of myom.
The samples of 55 uterine leiomyoma patients and 78 healthy women were studied. After obtaining informed consent, blood samples were collected and DNA extraction was performed by Salting-out method. Genotyping was performed using PCR reaction. The amplified products were two bands of 190 and 490 bp, which represents D allele and I allele, respectively. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test.
The D allele frequency was 0.55 in the patient group and 0.51 in the control group. The I allele frequencies in the two groups were 0.45 and 0.49, respectively. The results showed that taking the II genotype into account as reference genotype; homozygous DD individuals were at increased risk of uterine myoma (Odds ratio: 1.37). However, heterozygous ID showed a similar risk with the II genotype as the reference group.
High blood pressure is significantly associated with uterine fibroids. It has been shown that atherosclerotic damage of uterine blood vessels and the inflammatory process caused by it may play an important role in the development of uterine myoma. This study indicates a positive relationship between the ACE (I/D) polymorphism and the risk of uterine myoma. This finding is evidence of the important role of the renin–angiotensin system in the pathogenesis of myoma

The evidence has shown that expansion of cardiovascular disease has inflammation base, and general inflammation (systemic) plays a pivotal role in the development of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this research was evaluation of changes in intercellular adhesion molecule – 1, vascular adhesion molecule-1 and C – reactive protein in middle-aged men with heart failure after eight weeks of aerobic exercise.
Twenty four middle-aged men with heart failure were selected as volunteers, and were divided into two groups; the aerobic training and the control groups. Aerobic training program was eight weeks, three times per week with the intensity of 40%-70% maximum heart rate. Fasting blood samples were taken from all subjects before and after eight weeks of aerobic exercise. . Data were analyzed by paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test at a significance levels of P In the aerobic training group, comparison within groups showed, serum levels of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and CRP (respectively P=0.001, P=0.001 and P=0.001) were significantly reduced. There was a significant reduction in comparison between groups only for VCAM-1 (P=0.001) and CRP (P=0.002).
Aerobic exercise with reducing levels of inflammatory markers ICAM-1 and CRP may play an important role in the prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases in middle-aged men with heart failure.

Plant ribosome inactivating proteins act as N-glycosidase enzyme and produce by several family of Caryophyllaceae such as Saponaria Officinalis. Different Isoforms of RIPs expressed by Saponaria Officinalis. SO6 isoform depurinate Adenine 4324 in the conserved GAGA loop of 28SrRNA and disrupts protein synthesis. The aim of this study was expression of SO6 isoform in E.coli and investigation of antibody titer in rats.
In this experimental study, SO6 synthetic gene was excised from recombinant pUC57- SO6 plasmid with BamHI and SalI restriction enzymes and subcloned into pET28a () expression vector. The expression of recombinant protein was induced by IPTG. Recombinant SO6 was purified by nickel affinity chromatography. Western blotting was performed to confirm the recombinant protein. Rats were immunized intraperitoneal with purified protein and IgG serum titer was assayed by ELISA.
PCR reaction and enzyme digestion confirmed subcloning of SO6 gene into pET28a () expression vector. A 29.5kDa protein band on SDS-PAGE showed a high level of recombinant protein expression. Polyclonal antibodies recognized SO6. ELISA confirmed significant antibody titer after injection of protein in test group compared with the control group.
The recombinant purified SO6 antigen can be used for anti-cancer and vaccine candidate research.