Journal of Inflammatory Diseases
Volume:21 Issue: 2, 2017

Diabetes mellitus mediated by oxidative stress, creates serious metabolic disorders in testis. Palmatine hydrochloride has various pharmacological effects, including anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities.
This study has been conducted to evaluate the preventative effects of palmatine hydrochloride medicine on testicular damage in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
Thirty two male Wistar rats were randomly selected and divided into four groups: control, non-diabetic treated with palmatine hydrochloride, diabetic and diabetic treated with palmatine hydrochloride. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (55 mg/kg, i.p.) in animals, and after one week, palmatine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg, s.c) was administered for six weeks in rats. Testicular damage was examined by using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Blood biochemical factors were measured.
Findings: The results of this study indicate that diabetes reduced the spermatogonia and Sertoli cells, spermatogenesis, sperm count, and sperm function (P It seems that palmatine with the ability to reduce blood sugar, could improve diabetes induced-testicular damage.

More studies in the field of thalassemia patients focus on medical treatment and less attention to the psychosocial problems aspect.
The aim of this study was evaluation of depression and anxiety in these patients in Qazvin province.
This case-control study has been conducted in Qods Hospital of Qazvin (2016). The study population included thalassemia major patients and control group were participating in this study (n=147 in each group). All subjects completed the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). In addition to clinical history, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of patients collected and analyzed using proper statistical methods independent t-test, chi-square test.
Findings: Borderline abnormal (borderline case) and abnormal states of anxiety were reported 27.2% and 42.2% in case group compared with 22.4% and 6.8% in the control group (P The prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with thalassemia is considerable and related to socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, so it is essential that psychiatric consultation systems created in thalassemia clinics of Qazvin province.

The risk of arthritis increases with age. Knee arthritis causes pain and inflammation of this joint. These side effects can possibly affect muscle strength and performance.
The purpose of this study was to compare the knee flexor and extensor muscles isometric strength and functional performance between healthy and knee arthritis men.
This case-control study was conducted in Isfahan (2015) on knee arthritis male patients (case group, n=22) and healthy male (control group, n=22). The isometric strength of knee flexor and extensor muscles was measured by dynamometer. Functional ability was assessed with using stair ascending and descending, 5 time sit-to-stand and timed up and go tests. Data were analyzed by independent t test.
Findings: Mean age of patients and control groups were 52.6±6.27 and 49.8±4.19, respectively. The knee flexor and extensor muscles strength in patients was significantly less than healthy peoples (P Weaker knee muscle strength and functional performance in patients with knee osteoarthritis compared with healthy adults show that rehabilitation and sports medicine professionals should consider special exercises for improving knee flexor and extensor muscles strength and functional performance in designing treatment protocols for these cases.

Sleep plays an important role in health. Reduced levels of attention, learning and memory are of adverse outcomes of sleep disorders in students.
The aim of this study was to determine the association of sleep disturbances with watching TV and satellite and playing video games in 14-17 years old high school students of Qazvin.
This cross sectional study was conducted in 653 high school students (14-17 years old) in Qazvin that were selected by multistage cluster random sampling method (2013-2014). Data were collected through Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) and BEARS questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, T-test, ANOVA and logistic regression analysis.
Findings: From 653 students, 392 (60%) were female. The mean age was 15.73±0.99 years. The most prevalent sleep disturbances were waking up at night (74.4%), daytime sleepiness (69.8%), napping after school (66.6%), and nightmare (51.1%), respectively. Daytime sleepiness, nightmares, sleep after waking up, falling asleep in school, and nap after school time had significant association with watching satellite.
With regards to the results, prevalence of sleep disorders was high in high school students of Qazvin and sleep disturbances were associated with duration of watching satellite.

Cancer is a destructive and usually progressive disease while put too much stress on the patients family and the society. Then, recognizing of variables which can help to improve well-being of these patients can be important and very helpful to diminish the stress of them.
The aim of this study was to assess the role of coping strategies and emotion regulation in well-being of patients with cancer.
This descriptive study with predictive design was conducted in 2016. The research sample consisted of 62 cancerous patients in three chemotherapy centers of Qom city. The patients completed demographic questionnaire, Garnefski cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ), Endler and Parker coping strategies questionnaire and Ryff psychological well-being questionnaire.
Findings: Results showed that there were significant relationships between coping styles and psychological well-being of cancer patients (P=0.01). But there was no relationship between cognitive emotion regulation and psychological well-being. Regression analysis showed that coping styles had more power to predict psychological well-being than cognitive emotion regulation (P=0.01).
According to the results, it can be concluded that coping styles are the most important factors that affect encountering with tensional events such as cancer. Major focus on the therapeutic and educational programs related to recognizing and applying adaptive coping styles, has important role in increasing psychological well-being of these patients.

In making a decision for extracting an impacted mandibular third molar tooth, assessing the risk of injury to inferior alveolar nerve is important.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the findings of panoramic radiography and CBCT in assessing the relationship between impacted mandibular third molar and inferior alveolar canal.
In this descriptive-analytic study, electronic files of panoramic radiography of 132 patients referred to radiology department of Tehran school of dentistry were studied (2012-14). Ninety-two files were selected only from types by darkening of the apex of impacted mandibular third molar or interference with the white line of the mandibular canal in panoramic view. Their contact with mandibular canal were also investigated in cross sectional CBCT views.
Findings: In males and females there was a high relation between panoramic and CBCT diagnosis in cases of darkening of the root and interference with the white line (P There is too much relation between panoramic diagnosis in cases of darkening of the roots and interference of roots with the white border of mandibular canal and CBCT diagnosis from this point of view that there is a close contact with mandibular canal.

Exponential growths of population and urbanization, and the development of social economy have resulted in an increase in the amount of MSW generation throughout the world.
The present study aimed to survey qualitative and quantitative analysis of solid waste in Shiraz city and comparative these results with the world scenario of solid wastes generation for improving the sustainable management of solid waste.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 in nine municipality regions Shiraz with a total population of approximately 1,549,354 people. Basic data was gathered through Shiraz waste management organization. Then generation (per capita) and constituent percent of the solid waste were evaluated based on the sampling and field analyzing from reliable guidelines. Data were analyzed with Stata-13 and Excel statistical software. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test used for the normality of variables. Means were compared by Student T test and Mann-Whitney test.
Findings: The rate of solid waste generated in the Shiraz city was 222.65 kg per person per year in 2014. Statistical analysis showed that the variables of organic materials, paper and cardboard, glass and metal between developed and developing countries were a significant difference (P0.05).
Solid waste per capita in Shiraz city (about 600g/day) was near to the average amount of solid waste generation in Iran and other developing countries. Due to the high content of organic material in municipal solid waste of Shiraz, minimization of these material and separation of dry and wet solid wastes must be noted from the people and municipalities.

Discharging effluents containing heavy metals is very harmful due to accumulative property and non-biodegradability of them. Electrocoagulation, due to easy operation and less chemical consumption, is being considered as a process for removal of heavy metals from aqueous environments.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of variables influencing the removal of cadmium from aqueous environment during electrocoagulation and to develop a model for predicting the results.
This experimental study was performed in a batch electrocoagulation reactor using aluminum electrodes. Direct current was supplied using D.C power supply. Cadmium concentrations were measured using standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Response surface methodology and central composite design were used to determine the effects of variables (pH, initial concentration of cadmium, electric current density, reaction time and distance between electrodes) on the removal of cadmium, to design the experiments, to prepare the prediction model for cadmium removal and to optimize the variables.
Findings: The optimal removal efficiency in the conditions of pH; 8.32, current density; 2.965mA/cm2, initial concentration; 65.5 mg/L, reaction time; 54 min and distance between electrodes: 0.723cm was 97.5%. Also R2, Adj.R2 and Pred. R2 were 0.98, 0.97 and 0.96, respectively, which indicates a good fit of the data on quadratic equations. The interactions of all variables were significant in the removal of cadmium by electrocoagulation. The quadratic model is a suitable model for predicting the removal of cadmium using electrocoagulation.
Electrocoagulation equipped with aluminum electrodes has high performances in cadmium removal from aqueous environment. This process can be used in primary or supplementary treatment of industrial wastewater containing this heavy metal.

Antibiotics are used as a first-choice to inhibit microbial growth since the discovery in the first half of the 19th century. Nevertheless, the widespread use of antibiotics has resulted in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains that is one of our century problems. Concerns about antibiotic resistant is so serious which huge budget is allocated for discovery of alternative drugs in many countries. Bacteriocin is one of these compounds which was first discovered in 1925, released into the medium by E. coli. Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides or proteins ribosomally synthesized by many bacterial species. The use of this antimicrobial molecules in food industry obviate consumers need to safe food with least interference of chemical substances. Nisin, the most well-known bacteriocin, is the first bacteriocin found its way to food industry. Despite the widespread application of bacteriocins, resistance is seen in some species. Although it’s exact mechanism is not clear. So according to the today’s world need to find effective methods to control pathogens, studies of bacteriocins as a substitute for antibiotics are so important. The present review has studied the structure and activity of five classes of bacteriocins from gene to function in gram positive bacteria.

Human cancers comprise a large group of diseases that despite modern methods of diagnosis and advanced treatment techniques its mortality rate is high. Considering the role of environmental and cultural factors in the prevalence of oral cancer, epidemiological studies have a great importance.
The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the province of Qazvin in a period of ten years.
In this descriptive - analytical study, the documents of 88 patients with OSCC that were recorded by the Qazvin Cancer Registry Center during 2003-13, were used. Demographic data including age, sex and location of lesions were extracted from patient records. Data analysis were performed using chi-square, t-test and fisher exact test.
Findings: Among the 88 patients, the average age was 64.3±17.7. The male to female ratio was 1 to 1.37 and the most involved area was tongue with 39 cases (63.9%), and the lowest was upper lip with 1 case (1.6%). The most of the patients were in the age between 70-80 years old.
Pattern of OSCC in this study was similar to the other studies but the number of females and the mean age of patient had increased. Also, the mean age of patients was increased in eight decades and the most involved area tongue was reported.