فصلنامه یافته
سال پنجم شماره 16 (پیاپی 11، بهار 1382)

dyslipidemia is one of the most important risk factors that cause arteriosclerosis in the coronary artery. The aim of this study was to investigate olive and mulberry leaf, fenugreek seed– dyethylether extract on plasma lipid levels and arteriosclerosis plaques. 45 white male rabbits divided into nine groups of five at 22 ±1C.The first and second group were given regular and high cholesterol (%1) diet respectively. The seven remaining groups were given cholesterol diet as well as olive and mulberry leaf and fenugreek seed extract (in the form of single and compound) during 60 days. Before and after two months plasma lipid levels and direct blood pressure were measured, and also the wall of aorta was studied from view point of presence and absence of arteriosclerosis plaques). Results showed that olive and mulberry leaf extract significantly decreased total cholesterol and LDL, but fenugreek seed extract had no effect. However, fenugreek seed extract together with olive and mulberry leaf extract potentate their effects on the total cholesterol and LDL. Olive leaf extract enhanced HDL-c and decreased triglycerid, but mulberry leaf and fenugreek seed extract had no effect. Also olive and mulberry leaf seed extract prevented rapid from arteriosclerosis plaques and their effects all together was a little potent. None of the extracts influenced the normal blood pressure. According to the results adjunct use of olive and mulberry leaf extract has hypocholesterolemic and antiatherosclerosis properties, but no effect on the normal blood pressure.

Tracheobronchial injuries are uncommon but potentially fatal complication of blunt thoracic trauma harboring a high morbidity and mortality if not diagnosed early. A recent series gleaning cases from four major Trauma Center in Los Angeles nine cases in a seven- year period, but the incidence of these injuries has been increasing recently. This has been attributed to improvement in hospital care and advanced Trauma Centers and earlier diagnosis of such injuries. Disruption of tight main bronchus is more common, such injuries are often associated with rib or clavicular fractures.

Clinical and paraclinical data gathered from records of three patients referred with tracheobronchial injuries during the recent ten years have been reviewed. These include clinical manifestations, diagnostic findings, treatment modality and clinical course. The outcome has been satisfactory in all three patients who have undergone operation 2-5 hours after sustaining the injury. We have not had any mortality.

These results are similar to those of other series emphasizing over early diagnosis and treatment of such injuries.

Vomiting is one of the most common problems during pregnancy periods which happens in 50% of the pregnant women. Hyperemesis gravidarum is a rare status that 1 out of 500 pregnant women suffer from it. Although the reason of HG is unknown, but several studies indicate a relationship between HG and helicobacter pylori. So the aim of this study was to assess the relation between H.pylori infection and hyperemesis gravidarum and to compare it with healthy ones. In this case control study 100 pregnant women with HG and 100 pregnant controls, at the same gestational weeks, referred to the city clinics were studied. Then H.pylori serum immunoglobulin IgG concentration was determined in the case and control groups by ELIZA method and serologic tests and analyzed using SPSS software. Results showed that the prevalence of H.pylori infection was significantly higher in patients with HG (79.8%) than in controls (46.8%) with a P<0.001. There were no significant differences in maternal age, gestational age and social economic status between case and control groups. Results of this study indicate that H. pylori can play an important role for etiology of hyperemesis gravidarum.

As endotracheal intubation is the first action which must be done for serious and very ill patients, so any procrastination leads to dangerous consequences including aspiration and finally death. Routine method for endotracheal intubation is injection of intravascular diazepam- Pethidine and sometimes muscle relaxants, but these drugs in Patients with GCS under 7 cause more decrease in level of consciousness. In this clinical trial 60 patients who needed to intubation were divided into two groups of 30 patients randomly. The two groups were matched from view point of age, sex and weight. In the experimental group before endotracheal intubation, bilateral supralaryngeal and transtracheal nerves were blocked by lidocain 2%. In the control group, petidine – diazepam and lidocaine were administrated intravenously before intubation. Then the two groups were compared from view point of complications of intubation such as jaw resistance, vocal cord movement and bucking. Statistical test showed that Jaw resistance, vocal cord movement and bucking in the experimental group were lower than control group. This difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). According to the results, use of nerve block for intubation in Patients with GCS under 7 is suggested.

Effects of high velocity bullet in Abdominal wall injuries specially the blast effect on intra abdominal organs needs mandatory explorative laparatomy to manage any major and minor injuries. Usually many explorative laparatomies are negative, but it can be reduced by advanced radiologic techniques such as ultrasonography, CT – Scan, MRI preoperatively. In patients with negative physical examination to diagnose any intra abdominal bleeding, or gastrointestinal tract perforations, other techniques are suggestive for selective non-operative management. This is a review article study. We searched all Medline, surgery and trauma text books.we have analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the selective non-operative managements. Findings and Because of today affinity to conservative and non aggressive management, many surgeons try to manage the abdominal trauma by conservative management. We found satisfied results in our study, we found that if we manage these patients in a trauma center, the selective non operative management for abdominal gunshot wounds would be a safe way, reduces hospital costs, and stops the unnecessary laparatomies. We should be enough careful to approve the selective non-operative management in next clinical trials studies.

Complications due to iodine deficiency involve millions of people throughout the world. Suitable ways to restore iodine deficiency are iodized salt and iodized oil, so that one dose of iodized oil can meet iodine deficiency for 3-5 years. The aim of this study was to assess dermatological complications of Lipiodol injection in Khorramabad. In this retrospective study dermatological effects due to injection of 0.5-1 ml Lipiodol in 116 patients who referred to Khorramabad dermatology clinic during the second half of the year 1998, were studied. Data collecting tool was a questionnaire. From 116 patients 115 were female and one of them was male. About 78% of the skin complications have been occurred one month after the injection and more in the age group of 24-33(43.96%). 25.8% of the cases had history of allergy to food and drug. 91.3% of the lesions belonged to injection place (hip and arm) and the rest (8.7%) was generalized. Lesions had been mostly started with itching of injecting area and then some erythema rashes and local edema have been added. In some cases edema and erythema involved the body surface completely. According to the present data it can be deduced that skin lesions probable mechanism is delayed hypersensitivity reaction. Thus regarding too less dermatological complications due to Lipiodol injection, this method of iodizing can still be a useful treatment in goiter hyper endemic regions provided considering special arrangements for high risk people.

Otitis media is among the common infections in children. Over 80% of 1-6 years old children are infected with acute bacterial otitis media and despite the widespread using antibiotics for its treatment too much infectious complications are seen in these patients. The purpose of this study was to study chronic otitis media. This study was a descriptive study by using patients, files clinical manifesation, treatment method and etiology of all cases with chronic otitis media referred to Tehran Amir Aalam hospital were studied. Results showed that 212 patients with chronic otitis media referred to Amir Aalam hospital during the first half of 1380 (2001). Majority of the patients were at adult age and male to famale ratio was same. The chief complaints were secretion from ear (115 cases – 54%), hearing loss (55 cases – 26%). Other symptoms were headache, nausea, chill, and fever. Surgical reports of the patients showed central and subtotal perforation in 120(57%) cholesteatoma in 82(39%) and perforation of marginal and posteriosuperior in 80 (38%) of the cases. The rest included polyp, granulation tissue adhesive OM, and congenital cholesteatoma. The post operation reports showed that more than 76% of the patients had ear bon chain damage. Results of this study showed that the chronic otitis media in Iran is detected at adult age, and incomplete treatment or lack of uneffective treatment in childhood acute otitis media may contribute to majority of cases in adulthood age.

Studies concerning the biology and ecology of scorpions in Iran are very limited, and these studies must be begun with identification of habitats and funa of scorpions of each region in the country and completed with biological and ecological charactristics. The aim of this study was to identify and determine the funa of Lorestan scorpions. In this descriptive study five regions of Khorramabad with a 25-kilometer distance from the city, were chosen for caching scorpion in the spring and summer. Totally 52 scorpions were caught from these regions. To determine their food habits, different arthropoda including Blatta orientalis (eastern coac roach), Blattela germanica (germany coac roach), larva of butterfly and adult house fly were provided for them in the form of laboratory feeding. According to the results from 52 caught scorpions 29 belonged to the Buthidae family and 23 belonged to the Scorpionidae family. Population of Buthid and Scorpionidae family in Khorramabad is 56% and 44% respectively. The scorpions, nutrition in the lab was mostly house fly. Results shows that most of the scorpions belonged to the Buthidae family and Buthuthus Snulcyi kind which have painful stings which affect on nervous system, and are very dangerous and fatal for children and aged people, so it is important to know the treatment methods to fight against their poisons.

Chemical weapons, which their history dates back to the first world war, refer to any factor that has direct toxic effects on human being, animals and plants. Iraqi regime used chemical weapons and various poisons during the imposed war against Iran of which mustard and nervous gases are examples that their effects are seen in victims even after passing many years. This descriptive cross – sectional study was carried out in2001-2002 to evaluate skin manifestations in 95 chemically wounded combatants of Lorestan province whom were exposed to the chemical weapons during the war. Data was collected by clinical examination and information recorded in a questionnaire. All of the studied cases with mean age of 39.26 years old had skin manifestations among which the most common symptoms were itching, burning, dry skin, scaling. From view point of lesions, the most common signs were erythema (81%), excoriation (87.9%) and pruritic papules (49.5%). Final diagnosis in 78% of the patients was chronic dermatitis and in 7.7% of them was seborrhoeic dermatitis and in 8.8% both chronic and seborrhoeic dermatitis were observed. During exposure to chemical gases only 37.9% of these combatants had used special masks and 40% had properly worn special clothes to protect themselves which covered their body completely, but rest of them had either used protection instruments improperly or had not used them at all. Most of the lesions were in trunk, lower extremities, abdomen, head and neck. 78% of the cases had multiple lesions. Regarding the results of this study all of the chemical wounded combatants of Lorestan province suffer from different degrees of skin lesions, although more than half of them were not aware of kind and nature of the chemical gases, but it is suggested to do further studies on long-term effects of these chemical gases.

In the recent years different studies have been performed to determine attitude of different groups of the society towards psychiatric disorders, that their results could develop positive changes to improve the attitude of society with proper planning in this respect. This descriptive cross – sectional study has designed to determine the attitude of 600 high school students (301 girls and 299 boys) to psychiatric disorders. The samples were chosen using multistage randomized sampling method. Data collecting tool was a questionnaire including students, demographic characteristics and their attitude measurement, then data were analyzed by SPSS software version 9.1. Results showed that 58.8% of the students had negative attitude and 4.2% had positive attitude to psychiatric disorders. Statistical test (T.test) didn,t show any relationship between gender and kind of attitude. Relationship between students, grade and type of attitude was statistically significant (P<0.05). 54% of the students believed that parents inattention to their children and 46.3% believed that physical punishment by parents or school staff could effect on occurrence of psychiatric disorders. 90% of the students interested in receiving education by psychiatrist or psychologist in their schools. Results of this study show that high school students, attitude in Khorramabad city to psychiatric disorders is negative. It seems that with exact perception of this problem and proper planning we can develop a positive change in students, attitude to psychiatric disorders and take effective steps to improve mental health of the adolescents.

Evaluation and planning based on inaccurate statistics and information will disappoint us in fighting against the addiction phenomenon. This study has considered the personal characteristics and consumption patterns of the narcotics among self – introduced addicts. in this retrospective and descriptive–analytic study the characteristics of the self-introduced addicts referred to Aligoudarz admission and treatment office of the welfare organization were studied using their files and recorded data and information (totally 384 files). Results showed that 97.5% of the clients were male with mean age of 34.5 years old. 70% were married with average of 2.6 children. The most frequency of educational degree of the addicts was guidance level (37.5%), 93% of the samples had the history of cigarette smoking and 24.4% of the cases had the history of opium consumption in their first class family members. The mean age of starting of addiction was 26.7 years old and the average time between addiction till referring for giving it up was 8 years. 67.7% of the samples had five times history of abandonment of addiction. 3% of them had used syringe in common and 4% of them had committed other offences in addition to addiction. The consumed narcotics were opium(74%),heroin(20%),both opium and heroin(6%).The common ways of consumption were. fumigation (66%),eating(15.3%),injection(9.9%), and both eating and fumigation(8.8%).There was a significant relation between kind of consumed narcotics and age, addiction starting age, place of birth, daily using times, consumption way and marital status. According to the results it is necessary to carry out similar researches for epidemiological description and analysis of precise status of addiction throughout the Lorestan province, its cities and townships.

Mesenteric cysts are rare intra abdominal masses and its prevalence is 1 out of 140000 in general hospitals and 1 out of 20000 in pediatric hospitals. In majority of the cases it is benign with several manifestations. Diagnosis is difficult, but with suspicion to cyst and using paraclinical procedures can be led to definite diagnosis. Case report: In this study a mesenteric cyst with unusual manifestation was studied. Our patient was a 50 - year old man with complaint of abdominal distention and dull pain in his abdomen. In abdominal examination, there was not any definite mass, but he had a generalized distention. At first we thought of bowel obstruction, but according to the radiologic findings, chess pattern of abdominal fluid in sonography, and CT-Scan pattern and with high suspicion to mesenteric cyst, the patient underwent operation and there was lots of cysts in his abdomen. Pathologic report was lymphatic cyst of mesentery. Patient left hospital with general good health and condition.

Spontaneous quadruplet is rarely seen. Quadruplet pregnancy is accompanied with severe complications such as abortion, premature labor, first trimester vaginal bleeding, anemia and …etc. Our patient was a 29- year old lady with history of first pregnancy twin that was aborted. In the second pregnancy at three months of gestation sonography showed quadruplet pregnancy so cerclage was performed for the patient. At 26 weeks gestation she was admitted to Alzahra hospital with diagnosed premature labor at 29 weeks plus 2 days of gestation the pregnancy was terminated by cesarean section, 4 newborns 2 healthy girls and one boy and the second boy expired after 24 hours due to RDS.