فصلنامه یافته
سال پانزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 53، تابستان 1392)

Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR) are the members of inhibitory and activating receptors expressed chiefly by the natural killer cells (NK). KIR proteins operate as receptors detecting human leukocyte antigen class Ι molecules (HLA). KIRs and their class Ι HLA ligands contribute in the pathogenesis of many kinds of diseases. The aim of this study was to genotypic analysis of KIR/HLA in the Lur population for the first time.

In this study، 100 unrelated healthy Lur individuals were KIR and HLA ligand typed by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers genotyping assay. Finally، the frequency of KIR and HLA ligand genes and genotypes، as well as KIR/HLA combinations in the Lur population was compared with the Iranian population.

Twenty two KIR genotypes and all of the KIR genes were observed in the Lur population. The most prevalent non-framework genes were KIR2DL1 and KIR2DP1 with the frequency of 98% and KIR3DL1 and KIR2DS4 with the frequency of 96% in the Lur population. AA genotype with the frequency of 29% was the most frequent KIR genotype ever regarded in the Lur population. The number one genotype with the frequency of 35% was the most frequent genotype in the Lur population among HLA ligand genotypes. The most common inhibitory and activating KIR/HLA combinations were KIR2DL2/3+HLA-C1 with the frequency of 75% and KIR2DS2+HLA-C1 with the frequency of 47%، respectively. Discussion and

The results illustrate that the frequency of KIR genes and genotypes، HLA ligands and the KIR/HLA combinations has total similar features with the Iranian population، but it is still unique by increasing or decreasing of some frequencies in the Lur population.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of aerobic and anaerobic training on anxiety and cortisol hormone secretion levels in the blood of young wrestlers. In this quasi-experimental study، of 200 wrestlers 20 volunteers (Ageed 17-20 years) who were selected on the basis of having high levels of anxiety were randomly divided into two groups of 10 each aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Tests used in this study included distance running of 2400 m for aerobic exercise group and running distance of 400 meters in three times for anaerobic exercise group. The mean anxiety scores of the aerobic group decreased immediately after the test، while mean anxiety scores of the anaerobic group increased immediately after the test (P<0. 015). Immediately after a training session of anaerobic test، serum cortisol increased، while it was vice versa in the aerobic group (P<0. 01). Regarding the results of the research it can be said that one session of aerobic exercise was effective in decreasing anxiety of wrestlers and also a long-term continuation of these exercises reduces anxiety and the cortisol hormone level which leads to mental and emotional balance of athletes.

With advances in medical sciences and control of infectious diseases cancers in human societies are increasingly attract attention Cancers of upper gastrointestinal is among the most important cancers which has a high incidence in many countries. This cross-sectinal study was conducted on 73 patients with dysphagia، epigastric pain، and weight loss in the short term that the pathologic study confirmed the presence of cancer in the upper gastrointestinal tract since Aprill 2005 to April 2006. The incidence of upper gastrointestinal cancer in men was twice as high as that of women. The upper GI cancers were most prevalent in the seventh and eight decade of life. In this study، patients were given hot tea، but did not mention the consumption of fatty foods. Esophageal and gastric cancers are very frequent in Lorestan province and also Iran. It seems that the role of nutritional factors may be more important than smoking.

Pilonidal disease incidence is increasing) 26 people per 100،000 (aged 18 - 40 years old. As a matter of fact، this age range is the most optimal time of anindividual social and economic activities. Thus it was decided to assess the prognosis in patients with pilonidal sinus surgery in Shohada hospital of Khorramabad during 2005-2012. In a retrospective cohort study by referring to the archives of Khorramabad Shohada hospital and receiving records and contact numbers of the patients undergoing pilonidal sinus surgery(primary closure versus open delayed closure)، variables such as age، gender، personal history of previous illnesses، surgical procedure used، complications after treatment and etc. were statistically analyzed and evaluated. It was reported that all patients treated with primary closure surgery method، compared to the open healing (50% of patients) had deep satisfaction (P= 04. 0 in female patients and P= 002. 0 in male patients). The most common complication of the primary closure، was bleeding from the position. While in patients with open healing، most patients complain of long term pain of surgery position، as well as local infection، bleeding and recurrent pilonidal sinus، respectively (P = 024. 0 in female patients and P= 000. 0 in male patients). According to the results the most common complications after pilonidal disease، were related to open delayed closure procedure، which keeps the patients to be aloof from social and economic activities.

Physical exercise is known to lessen vulnerability to brain damage under different pathologic conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective role of regular exercise on hippocampus in hypoperfusion condition. The wistar rats were randomly divided to one four groups، control (surgery without occlusion) (first)، hypoperfusion (second)، exercise (third) and exercise –hypoperfusion (fourth) groups. Animals of third and fourth groups were made to run on treadmill for one hour once a day for two and half months. The right common carotid of animals in the fourth group was occluded after the cessation of exercise. In the second group، the right common carotid artery was only occluded and in the control group neither of these actions (applying exercise and occlusion of carotid) was done. Then the animals were sacrificed 72 hours after the occlusion and the hippocampal enzyme activities (total antioxidants، catalase and superoxide dismutase) were measured by ELISA method. The exercise significantly increased the total antioxidant enzyme activities in left hippocampus of fourth group in comparison with second and control groups. The superoxide dismutase activity was decreased significantly in the second group in comparison with control and the exercise successfully returned these activities to normal level in the fourth group. The exercise increased catalase activity in hippocampi of fourth group to the control and second groups. There was no significant difference of superoxide oxidase and catalase activitie between hemispheres in every group (p<0. 05)، but the difference of total antioxidant activities between hemispheres in the fourth group was significant. This study showed that exercise has prventive role in hippocampus by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities especially superoxide enzyme in brain 3 days after occluding right carotid. More studies are needed for clarifying of its mechanism.

The aim of this study was to evaluate ovarian follicular numbers and uterus changes at 3، 6 and 9 months after bilateral tubal ligation (BTL) in rat. In this experimental study 60 female rats (Sprague-Dawley)، aged two months were divided into control and BTL groups (30 per group). Uterine tubes ligation was done bilaterally similar to pomeroy method. Each 3 months، 10 control and 10 BTL animals were selected randomly and then left ovary and uterus were sampled and fixed in formal saline solution. Paraffin sections (5-µ thickness) prepared and were stained by H and E and trichrom methods. Endometrial changes were studied qualitatively and the numbers of follicle types were counted. Data were analyzed by Mann-Withney U test with SPSS 13 software (p<0. 05). There were no significant differences in the number of follicle types and corpus luteum between control and BTL groups after 3، 6 and 9 months. Moderate to severe inflammatory cell infiltration were seen in the endometrium of BTL group. Endometrial cystic hyperplasia for the first time was detected in 20% of BTL group after 9 months. Tubal ligation cannot lead to changes in number of ovary follicles types and corpus luteum significantly but it can be induced endometrial inflammation and endometrial cystic hyperplasia at long time in rat.

Depression is one of the common our age psychiatry disorders. The purpose of the present study to determine the effect of family psychoeducation and standard treatment medical on improvement and prevent relapse symptoms of major depression patients. This is a clinical trial using convenience sampling method to randomly recruit 60 patients admitted with major depression disorder and were randomly allocated into two equal groups. Two groups received standard treatment medical that one of the groups in eight under went family psychoeducation sessions. Beck Depression Inventory II was applied to all two groups befor and after and follow –up stages. Data analyzed by covariance (Ancova)test. our findings indicated there were significant difference between Experimental group and control group after therapeutic interventions and follow-up stages (P<0.05). Standard treatment medical in addition to by family psychoeducation in major depression disorder patients can more efficient in improving and prevent relapse depression of symptoms in compared to standard treatment medical.

Due to the harsh conditions of work and job problems of nurses، they experience more job stress and are more vulnerable. The nurses who have not suitable general mental health، are not able to render effective care to patients. Regarding the importance of mental health promotion of nurses and their key role in the quality of nursing care، this research was carried out to determine nurses mental health status. This research was a correlated cross - sectional study conducted on 169 nurses working in hospitals of Lorestan university of medical sciences. Data gathered by a questionnaire including demographic information and mental health questionnaire (GHQ-28) and then using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation)، inferential statistics (chi -squar) and T-test and ANOVA، and finally by use of SPSS software were analyzed. A total of 78 patients (46. 2%) were asymptomatic and 91 (53. %) were marked. Overall total mental health was an average of 27. 9% and a standard deviation of 13. 1، respectively. Findings of the study showed no significant relation between demographic features (sex، marital status، record of service and income level) and mental health، but significant association was found between physical activity and mental health. Regarding the significant and positive effects of physical activity on mental health، it seems necessary for nurses to do regular physical activities in their life and enhance their mental health.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of some diseases such as lung cancer، chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and atheroscleorosis. Smoking may enhance oxidative stress through the production of reactive oxygen radicals in smoke and weakens the antioxidant defense system. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of cigarette smoking on superoxide dismutase، catalase enzymes activities and total antioxidant capacity in cigarette smokers. This research was done on thirty male volunteers (25-35 years-old) who smoked over 10 cigarettes per day. Controls were thirty non-smoker male volunteers (25-35 years-old). Blood samples from overnights fasted subjects were used for the study. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activity and total anti oxidation capacity were analyzed. Data was described as mean±SD and data means of the two groups was compared by independent T-test. Data was analyzed by SPSS 18 software. The amount of total antioxidant capacity and catalase and superoxide dismutase activity had a significant statistical decrease in the group compared to the control group (p<0. 05). This study showed that oxidative stress causes a decline of the body antioxidant protective system which in long time it can cause cardiac and blood-vessels diseases in cigarette smokers.

The defense mechanisms are responsible to protect the ((Ego)) against hardships، anxieties، and environmental and internal deficiencies. These mechanisms may be normal or abnormal while being influenced by the different constitutes of personality. This research was done in order to study the defense mechanisms of both patients suffering from breast cancer and the nonclinical group. In this study 246 patients with breast cancer and 204 students were selected as samples. The tool of data-gathering in this study was DSQ. The finding showed that the mean of immature and neurotic defense mechanisms in the group suffering from breast cancer was significantly more than of nonclinical group. On the other hand، the mean of mature defense mechanisms in the nonclinical group was more than that of the group suffering from breast cancer. This research، whether in terms of scope or issue _was the fewest studies that has examined some of the psychological factors in patients with Breast cancer. And concordant with previous theories based on interconnected components of psychological and physical ills gave this result that the Breast cancer sufferers use mechanisms that the psychodynamic theorists believe they function as a glimpse towards physical and mental abnormalities.

Medicinal smoke has been in natural health products by many nations all over the worlds. Dung''s smoke called «Anbar Nasara» is one of the most used medicinal smokes in Iranian traditional medicine. Anber Nasara has been administered as inhalation in the treatment of viral or bacterial infections as well as for tumors and cysts in vaginal diseases in women. Its cytotoxic effects have been proposed in these studies. Dung''s of female donkey have been collected from Shahreza، Isfahan province in summer 2011. The samples were burned in a specially designed apparatus and its smoke was collected in n-hexane solvent over ice-cold water. Solvent was evaporated in the air and dried residue was dissolved in DMSO and diluted in RPMI So that the final concentrations of 0. 4، 0. 3، 0. 25، 0. 2، 0. 125، 0. 1، 0. 0625، 0. 0312 mg/ml were obtained for MTT assay as a cytotoxic evaluation method against two cancer cells (KB and Hela) and a normal one (L929). After 48h incubation percent cell survival and IC50 values were obtained using ELISA plate reader at 540nm. Results showed that dung''s smoke were cytotoxic in tested concentrations against cancer cell lines in a dose dependent manner. The IC50 was calculated ≥ 0. 2 mg/ml. Dung''s smoke consists of too many constituents and its cytotoxic effect may belong to one or complexes of constituents. More researches are under way to clarify these aspects of the study.

Chronic inflammation plays a major role in the progression of diabetes and its cardiovascular complications. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of probiotic yoghurt on blood sugar and C-Reactive Protein concentration as inflammatory factor in type 2 diabetic patients. This double-blind، randomized clinical trial was conducted on 60 type 2 diabetic patients (23 males and 37 females) in Sina hospital in Tabriz. Subjects in intervention group consumed daily 300 gram of probiotic yoghurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12 and subjects in control group consumed daily 300 gram of conventional yoghurt for 6 weeks. Dietary intakes، anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters were measured at the baseline and at the end of the study. Statistical analyses were performed by SPSS software using analysis of covariance and paired samples T-test. Probiotic yoghurt consumption significantly decreased C-Reactive Protein concentration (P<0. 05). The mean fasting blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin were significantly lower in probiotic yoghurt group compared with the control group after intervention (P<0. 05 Consumption of probiotic yoghurt improved C-Reactive Protein concentration in type 2 diabetic patients. Probiotic yoghurt consumption is recommended as auxiliary therapy in type 2 diabetic patients.