فصلنامه یافته
سال شانزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 56، بهار 1393)

In many patients with chest pain, the correct diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction(AMI) is dependent mainly on the measurement of cardiac markers such as cardiac creatin kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI), because the electrocardiogram is often non-diagnostic. The measurement of cardiac markers are superior for the detection of minor myocardial injury and more-accurative diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the assay of routin method of CK-MB and cTnI in comparison with rapid test method in suspected patients to AMI. The study population comprised 142 patients admitted to the emergency ward with acute chest pain for less than 12 hours before admission. Venous blood specimen were obtained to measure CK-MB and cTnI rapid assay tests with Acon and Golden kits, and Elisa cTnI and photometry CK-MB assays. The results of Elisa cTnI assay had 52 positive and 90 negative patients compared to Golden cTnI rapid test, 27 positive and 110 negative patients, while in comparison with Acon cTnI rapid test there were 30 positive and 112 negative patients (p≤ 0.001). The results of photometry CK-MB assay had 39 positive and 103 negative patients compared to Golden CK-MB rapid test which had 60 positive and 77 negative patients(p ≤ 0.001), while in comparison with Acon CK-MB rapid test in had 78 positive and 64 negative patients (p ≤ 0.035). Relative sensitivity and relative specificity were compared to routne metohs: for the Golden rapid cTnI test were 50% and 98.8% respectively; for Acon rapid cTnI test 51.9% and 96.6%, for Golden rapid CK-MB test 69.2%/ and 63.1°/o, and for Acon rapid CK-MB test 69.2% and 50.4%. The present results showed that the rapid cTnI test is very specific but not sensitive for AMI diagnosis while rapid CK-MB test is neither sensitive nor specific for AMI dignosis in patients with acute chest pain.

Helicobacter pylori is a microorganism which results in gastritis, peptic ulcer and is associated with GI malignancies. This bacteria has an important role in GI disease. There is not enough data about prevalence of H. P infection among children (1-14 years old) in Lorestan province, so this study performed to determine the sero-prevalence of H. P among children referred to Shahid Madani children's hospital of Khorramabad and risk factors related to it were studied too. This analytical epidemiologic study was carried out during 2011-2012. At first children’s parents were interviewed and after filling a questionnaire and an informed consent. Blood samples were obtained from the children in order to determine serum level of H. P IgG using ELIZA method. Demographic data such as age, gender, mother’s education, father’s job, were recorded in the questionnaire. Then statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. In this research 200 children (1-14 years old) were studied to determine H. Pylori antibody prevalence. The average age of the children was 5. 1 ± 2. 9. 61% of them were male and 39% were female. Based on age, H. Pylori was most common among children aged 10-14 years old (57. 9%) and the least prevalence among children under 1 year old was (16. 7%), and according to Fisher exact test this difference was significant (p=0. 032). Statistical analysis indicated that H. pylori infection prevalence was significantly higher (54. 2%) among low income families (income <2500000 Rials) and this was important (p=0. 006). The prevalence was not significant among children living in cities with those living in villages (p=0. 83). Based on serum levels of antibody of H pilory antibody there is a linear relationship between the prevalence of this infection and age، height and the present weight of the child (p<0. 05). It means that with age, height and weight, the amount of serum antibody of H. pylori increases significantly. H. pylori infection prevalence was significantly higher among low income families (income <2500000 Rials).

The presence of antibiotics in water sources indicates inadequacy of conventional treatment processes for antibiotics removal. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effectiveness of the advanced oxidation process, UV/H2O2, in the removal of ceftriaxone from an aqueous solution on a laboratory scale. This experimental study was conducted on a lab scale in a reactor with a capacity of 5800 ml. Aqueous solutions containing ceftriaxone with concentrations of 9, 18, and 27 mg/l were produced. The effect of different variables including; the initial concentrations of the antibiotic, pH, retention time, different lamp voltages, and H2O2 concentrations were investigated. The ceftriaxone concentrations were measured using HPLC method. The results of the study showed that the UV/H2O2 method is able to remove 75% of a 9 mg/l concentration of ceftriaxone from an aqueous solution in 3 hours. The removal rates for ceftriaxone are affected by parameters such as pH, the initial concentration of ceftriaxone, the concentration of H2O2 and the intensity of UV radiations. Acidic pH (pH=3), low concentrations of ceftriaxone (9 mg/l), high H2O2 concentrations (15 mg/l) and higher radiation levels (36 Watt) resulted in higher removal rates. The advanced oxidation method UV/ H2O2 is able to effectively remove ceftriaxone from aqueous solutions under proper environmental conditions.

Hope is amongst the important factors and is an essential element in patients with cancer, which has many effects on their compatibility with life conditions, especially in suffering and disappointing periods. Hope has a significant role in increasing the quality of life and effects different stages of the disease. The aim of this research was to study the effectiveness of promoting interventions of hope in patients with cancer. This clinical trial study carried out on 30 cancer patients in Shafa hospital of Ahvaz city in 2012. The health- related quality of life questionnaire was used and completed both before and after the intervention for both the case and control groups (each group consisted of 15 patients). The hope promoting intervention for patients in the case group was a face-to-face method and was conducted by the PBL method. The results were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. The data analysis showed that there was a significant difference between post-test scores of both training and control groups (p<0.01) and hope- based group psychotherapy has caused promoting health- related quality of life in the case group. The hope promoting interventions were effective in increasing hope in cancer patients. So, for cancer patients, increasing the quality of life, giving educational services, and hope promoting programs are needed, which should be accomplished by suitable methods, for instance, PBL or by patients active participation in the programming process.

Intraoperative bleeding is one of the most important complications of surgery. Different techniques and methods have been used to decline this problem. In this study, the effect of oral preanesthetic clonidine on producing a bloodless surgical area was examined on patients undergoing tympanoplasty. A randomized, triple blind clinical trial was carried out 88 patients candidates for tympanoplasty. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. 44 patients received oral clonidine 300 µgr, 90min before arriving at the operating room, and 44 patients received placebo. The method of anesthesia was similar in both groups. Interaoperating bleeding assessed on a four –point scale from 3 (abundant bleeding) to 0 (no bleeding). Moreover, surgeon’s satisfaction in the field of surgery and the homodynamic changes were assessed and recorded in data collecting sheets. There were no statistically significant differences regarding gender and age between two groups. The homodynamic changes in the group that had received clonidine were fewer in comparison with those in the control group. In addition, the bleeding amount in the group receiving clonidine was 54.6 times less than in the control group, and the surgeon,s satisfaction in the clonidine group was 54.6 times more than that in the control group. The statistical analysis using independent sample t test showed significant difference between these two groups. Oral clonidine as a premeditation reduces bleeding in tympanopalsty and improves surgeon’s satisfaction.

Colorectal cancer is the most common malignant gastrointestinal cancer and the fourth most common cancer throughout the world. Disease staging is performed to select the treatment method. In this interventional study we evaluated the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on local recurrence, distant metastasis and three-year disease free survival in patients with stage 2 colorectal cancer. In this research, patients with stage II colorectal cancer from 2001 to 2006 entered the study. After the surgery, FOLFOX4 chemotherapy regimen was performed and every 3 months ultrasound and CT scan and colonoscopy were assessed using tumor markers in terms of local recurrence and metastasis. Finally, at the end of the third year after chemotherapy, local recurrence, metastasis and survival of patients were analyzed. In this study 40 patients (23 males and 17 females) were studied. After 3 years of follow-up, 2 patients had local recurrence and 7 patients had distant metastasis and 31 patients had nor local recurrence nor distant metastases. In other words, the 3-year disease free survival was 77.5%. In this study, adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II colorectal cancer has been led to overall survival and a 3-year disease free survival.

In recent years, the student's mental health has attracted a lot of attention. Many factors effect on the mental health. Nowadays, spirituality is considered as one of the important aspects of the humanistic action, which has a permanent relation with health and recovery, so the main goal of this investigation is to identify the relationship between spiritual Quotient and mental health of the students of Lorestan university of medical sciences. The descriptive correlation method was applied in this investigation. The statistical population of this research consistsed of all the students (2238) of Lorestan university of medical sciences. Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size, and 330 students were selected by the arbitrary relative categorized method. The instruments for data gathering were Goldberg's GHa-23 (1972) and spiritual intelligence of Badie et al. The instruments credit was measured through content validty and the reliability of the questionnaires using Cronbach's alpha method. Besides the indexes of the descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation, inferential statistics tests such as Pearson's coefficient correlation and multiple regression analysis and independent T test were utilized to analyze the data and testing the research hypothesizes. The results showed that there is a positive relationship between spiritual quotient and the dimensions of the mental health (community orientation and moral dimension. "The ability to confront and deal with the problem", "moral virtues", "self-consciousness, love and interest"). The dimension of "self-consciousness, love and interest" and "community orientation" have a significant role in predicting the mental health. Spiritual quotient has a positive influence on the individual's mental health. The results show that people with a moral life are more healthy from the viewpoint of phycology.

The aim of this study is to survey the protective effects of betaine against cadmium and on sperm quality including progressive motility, sperm membrane integrity, concentration as well as testicular weight. Thirty adult male rats were allocated to the following three groups (n=10 in each group): control-saline, cadmium-saline and cadmium-betaine. Induction of testicular injury was achieved by a single injection of cadmium chloride intraperotoneally, and betaine was given orally 1 day before Cd injection and continued for 10 consecutive days. Five rats from each group were sacrificed on days 5 and 10 after Cd toxicity and sperm was taken from the epididymal tail for the evaluation. Testicular weight significantly decreased by cadmium toxicity. Likewise, the percentages of sperm progressive motility, membrane integrity and concentration significantly decreased in cadmium group compared to the control rats, whereas, betaine treatment could enhance membrane integrity on day 10. Although, progressive motility increased following betaine therapy by day 10, however the difference was not statistically significant. Betaine may prevent cadmium-induced oxidative stress probably due to its antioxidant properties. This resulted in increase of sperm membrane integrity in addition to partial recovery of sperm progressive movement.

Streptococcus mutans is a major cause of dental caries and tooth damage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Stevioside and Stevia rebaudiana leaf extracts on the growth of Streptococcus mutans. In this study, the aqueous and acetone extracts of Stevia rebaudiana were extracted by the maceration method, and methanol and ethanol extracts were prepared by a Soxhlet apparatus. Stevioside was purchased from Malaysia. The agar-well diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of Stevioside and Stevia extracts. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined by the microdilution method. The antibacterial effects of Stevioside and Stevia extracts together and in combination with Penicillin were compared through variance analysis. The results indicated the inhibitory effects of methanol extracts at MIC= 25 mg/ml, ethanol extract at MIC=3.13 mg/ml, and acetone extract at MIC=1.56 mg/ml on growth of Streptococcus mutans. The aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana and Stevioside could not inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans. The alcoholic and acetone extracts of Stevia rebaudiana may be used as pharmaceuticals and preservatives in controlling the growth of Streptococcus mutans.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a period of combined exercise training on the plasma leptin level and hormonal factors in overweight men. The subjects of this research consisted of thirty males (22-42 years old, BMI ≥29) who randomly were divided into experimental (n=15) and control groups(n=15). The experimental group performed for 8 weeks aerobic and resistance training, 3 sessions per week and each session included 10-12 station strength training at 75-70% of One Repetition Maximum (1RM) for the first 4 weeks and at 75-80% of 1RM for the second 4 weeks. At the end, 10 minutes aerobic runing training at 70-75% of MHR in the first 4 weeks and 13 minute at 75-80% of MHR in the second 4 weeks were conducted. Leptin, body weight, Body Mass Index (BMI) and insulin significantly decreased after the training ((P<0.05). However, There were no significant differences in the serum levels of cortisol and testosteron after 8 weeks concurrent training. The ratio of testosteron to cortisol (T/C) in the experimental group showed a slight increase. Generally, it appears that decrease of leptin due to a period of combined exercise training is more associated with reduce of body fat, weight and BMI than the change of testosteron or cortisol. In contrast to most researches, it seems that combined exercise training is more effective.