فصلنامه یافته
سال هفدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 64، زمستان 1394)

There is contradictory evidence regarding the effects of calcium intake on the weight and body fat percentage. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between calcium intake and anthropometric indices among adults.Methods and Materials: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 94 employees of the Lorestan university of medical sciences. The height and waist circumference of samples were measured using standard procedure, and weight, fat percentage, and visceral fat area were measured using a body composition analyzer machine (ioi 353). To determine the amount of calcium intake, a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire was completed for each individual and the obtained data were added to the Nutrition 3 application.Then, the data were analyzed using SPSS 19. Based on the results, 44.7% of the participants had normal weight, while 55.3 percent were overweight or obese. The mean calcium intake for men and women were 982.69 and 1124.16 mg per day, respectively. No significant relationships were found between calcium intake and the variables of BMI, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and visceral fat area in men and women.

Academic failure, conceived of as lack of success in one’s education, is of paramount importance for students of medical sciences and it might lead to more acute problems. The present study set out to investigate the prevalence and underlying reasons of academic failure in Lorestan University of medical sciences. In this cohort study, academic records of all students of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences during the academic years of 2006-2011 were collected from education and student affair center and also, demographic and educational records were entered into a checklist. Inappropriate grade point average, being a provisional student, prolonged graduation, expulsion and dropout were taken into account as academic failure. To model the related effective factors, logistic regression was adopted and significance level was set at 0.05. The cumulative incidence of academic failure was about 25.1%. Factors such as department, being self-funded or government-funded student, academic grade students are pursuing, the elapsed time between academic grades, gender and location of residence were related to academic failure (P<0.05). It is worth mentioning that no relationship was observed between the academic failure and being accepted based on quota system. The most important at risk groups were students of department of medicine and health, associate or medical doctoral students, self-funded students, students with a considerable time elapsed between their academic grades, male students and students living in dormitory. It is suggested that these students refer to consulting centers of university or educational supervisors and receive particular attention.

The climate change and particulate matter emission contented of bioaerosols is known as an important reason of increasing the allergic interactions especially in patients with defect in immunity system. The aim of this study was to investigate fungal bioaerosol concentrations in relation to particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5 and PM1) in indoor parts and ambient air of the generd educational hospital of Khorramabad city. In this descriptive-analytical study, 192 samples (168 for indoor and 24 for outdoor) were gathered during 6 months at the seven indoor wards and one outdoor unit using Quick Take-30 method at an airflow rate of 28.3 L/min and sampling time of 2.5 min on to Sabouraud dextrose agar medium containing chloramphenicol. The sampling of particulate matter was carried out by Monitor Dust-Trak 8520. Also, the relative humidity and temperature were surveyed by TES-1360 digital. The results showed that infectious ward with 101.7 CFU/m3 was as the most contaminated part and operating room with 46.4 CFU/m3 was the cleanest part. Cladosporium with 36.75% and Rodotorolla with 1.3% had higher and lower of fungi rates, respectively. The rate of I/O<1 illustrate that this contamination had an outdoor source. The surveys demonstrated that the increase of temperature and relative humidity have an effective influence on the pollutant accumulation. In addition, between fungi bioaerosols frequency and particulate matter ther was a significant correlation.

Past studies have shown that dairy intake have an inverse association with metabolic syndrome. Although the underlying mechanism is not completely clear, it seems that vitamin D and calcium are two main factors responsible for this positive association.The aim of this study was to determine the association between dietary calcium intake and vitamin D and metabolic syndrome and its components. In this cross sectional study, 973 individuals (237 males and 736 females) from the residents of Khorramabad were selected using randomized multi-stage cluster sampling method. Dietary intakes of people, by use of a food frequency questionnaire (201 items), were evaluated and using Nutritionist 4 software were analyzed. Venous blood samples were collected to measure the metabolic variables and blood pressure were measured. Metabolic syndrome according to American Heart Association (AHA) criteria was defined. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between marital status and metabolic syndrome (p=0.001). Also there is a significant relationship between education and risk of metabolic syndrome (p=0.001).There was a significant inverse correlation between vitamin D and increased TG, FBS and SBP, (p=0.018, p=0.04, p=0.026 respectively) but there was no relationship between calcium and metabolic syndrome components. There was no significant association between vitamin D dietary and metabolic syndrome, although between vitamin D intake and the risk of high levels of FBS, TG and SBP inverse relationship were shown, although there is no significant relationship between calcium intake and metabolic syndrome.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a worldwide health problem, which associated with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Interferon-α and Ribavirin are only acceptable treatment regimen for these patients. These regimen are effective only on 50% of the patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response to treatment with interferon gamma gene polymorphism in patients with hepatitis C. In this study, a cross - sectional study, response or lack of response to treatment in 78 patients treated with interferon gamma gene polymorphism were studied at Shiraz Namazi Hospital from 2011-2012. DNA samples extract by salt (salting out) and interferon gamma gene polymorphism (+874T/A IFN–gamma) was evaluate with ARMS-PCR technique. Data were analyzed using EPI Info2000 and SPSS 16 software (chi-square test). Results showed that 39 patients (50%) out of 78 studied patients had TT alleles, 11 patients (1.14%) had AA alleles and 28 patients (9.39%) had TA alleles. 49 patients (62.82%) responded to treatment. TT genotype and allele frequencies between the studied groups showed significant differencey (P=0.002). Interferon gamma is a key cytokine in the immune response against hepatitis C. Polymorphism in the interferon-gamma gene is (+874T/AIFN–gamma) One of the most important factors interferes with treatment response in hepatitis C patients.

With respect to antioxidant effect of Prosopis farcta fruit extract and the role of antioxidant agents in diabetes improvement, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hydro-alcoholic Prosopis farcta fruit extract on blood glucose and gene expression of pyruvate kinase (PK). Type 1 diabete was induced in male wistar rats (150-300 g) by injection of 60 mg/kg of streptozotocin. Diabetic group received 300 mg/kg of Prosopis farcta fruit extract daily 30 days. The group of normal control and diabetic control received distilled water. Then the glucose level was investigated in day before injection and on days 15 and 30 after injection of prosopis farcta fruit extract. PK gene expression of liver tissue was analysed by Real-Time PCR. The result showed the blood glucose compare to diabetic control significantly decreased on days 15 and there was not any significant between diabetic control. The result of PK gene expression showed that the gene expression in diabetic treatment group compared to diabetic control increased on day 15 and then the expression did not change on day 30 but still wars greater than diabetic control. The result of this study showed that hydro-alcoholic prosopis farcta fruit extract could probably decrease blood glucose by increasing PK gene expression.

The Internet addiction refers to the excessive or unreasonable and pathological use of the Internet which leads to the social consequences, including public health.The aim of this study was to determine the relation ship between the Internet addiction and general health in students of Lorestan university of medical sciences in 2013.

This descriptive analytic study. was carried out on 240 (BSc,MSc and medical) students of Lorestan university of medical sciences randomly selected using Yang Internet addiction and the Goldberg general health questionnaire. Data was analyzed by use of independent statistics and SPSS software v.18.

The results show that there was a significant correlation between the Internet addiction and yeneral health in students of Lorestan university of medical sciences (r=- 0.471, p>0.001). Based on our findings, 85% of the students were normal but 15% were at risk.

Considering the destructive effects of the Internet addiction on student's health dimensions, control and supervise the Internet use among university students and education about the harmful effects of the Internet it seem necessary.

With regard to application of the oil fuel at winter in Dorud cement plant, the aim of this study was to investigaten NOX, SO2 and particulate matter (PM) dispersion from cement plant stack at downwind direction and atmospheric different conditions and thermal inversion in winter season up to distance 5000 m from emission source and its comparison with clean air and NAAQS standard. In this study, the sampling gases exited from cement plant stack were carried out using Testo XL350 and particulates measurement done by Westech device. SCREEN3 software model was used to evaluate air quality and dispersion NOX, SO2 and PM. Data interred into the model includin emission rate, physical factor related with stack, height, length and width building, mixing height, meteorological stability and wind speed. This model incorporates sources related factors, meteorological factors and emission rates to estimate pollutant concentration from continuous sources. The class stability and wind speed were at a hight of 10 meter. The results showed that the maximum concentration predicted NOX, SO2 and PM by SCREEN3 in neutral condition (D) and wind speed 6 m/s was at 1084 m away from stack with concentration of 265.48µg/m3, 168.39µg/m3 and, 56.56µg/m3 for NOX, SO2 and PM respectively. Also, at stability condition (F) with wind speed 4 m/s the maximum concentration predicted in 2647 m away of stack with amount of 195.71µg/m3, 308.54µg/m3 and 65.37µg/m3 respectively. In order to reach the clean air standard, continuous monitoring and development methods are necessary for control gases and particulates exited from stack.

Parkinson's disease is a deficiency of dopamine in the striatum, characterized by bradykinesis, rigidity and resting tremor. Adipose tissue-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) have many advantages for cell therapy because of the easy availability and pluripotency without ethical problems. In this research, the effects of ADSCs transplantation on motor impairment of rat Parkinsonian models were evaluated. Parkinson model was constructed by the unilateral lesion of striatum of male Wistar rats using 20µg of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) as lesion group. Cell and α-MEM (α-minimal essential medium) groups were lesioned animals that received intravenous injection of 3×106 cells suspended in medium and medium repectively. All rats were evaluated behaviorally with rotarod and apomorphine-induced rotation tests, at 4 and 8 weeks after cell transplantation. Lesion and α-MEM groups showed increased contralateral turns while cell group significantly ameliorated both in rotarod and apomorphine-induced rotation tests. There was a significant difference of contralateral turns between cell and lesioned groups at 8 weeks after transplantation. Lesioned rats showed significant decrease of staying on the rod as compared to control, but in cell group there was a significant increase in comparision with the lesioned animals. ADSCs injected intravenously promote functional recovery in Parkinsonian rats.

Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) is a kind of mal-movement which is identified by too much movement of the feet during rest. Although a host of scientific resources have pointed to the significant effect of massage on this disease, no well-designed study to date has explored the efficiency of massage on the RLS. This study adopted a quasi-experimental design with pre-and post-test. Two groups served as the participants of the study. Experimental group received treatment, while control group received no intervention. Both groups were pre- and post-tested. The participants were 300 male and female students (at higher education centers of Lorestan province), whose age ranged from 18 to 30 years. Also, their height ranged from 155-1990, while their weight was 55-85 kg. A researcher-made questionnaire, including multiple-choice questions associated with RLS which show gravity of the mal-movement on a four-point Likert scale from very weak to very strong. T-test was used for data analysis. The results of the study showed that a period of massage therapy had a significant effect on tingling therapy on the foot, the foot throbbing, burning feet, the sudden jump feet, sleep the sleep quality The current study revealed that performing a massage-therapy protocol have a significant effect on reducing the symptoms of RLS.

The utilization of donkey’s milk is increasing with regard to nutritional values and non-allergenic proteins. Donkey’s milk microbiota, especially lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has not yet been fully identified. This study was conducted to identify and isolate LAB with probiotic properties. Specific culture-dependent techniques and standard microbiology methods were used to identify LAB. 250 isolates were randomly picked from different donkey’s milk samples different farms in Alashtar, north of Lorestan province, Iran. Gram-staining, catalase reaction, motility test, growth at different temperatures, pH 9.6 and in presence of 6.5% NaCl as well as the ability to ferment different sugars, sodium hippurate hydrolysis and light microscope analysis were investigated. Out of 250 isolates, 20 isolates were gram-positive, catalase-negative and cocci form. Enterococcus and Streptoccus genera were dominant LAB in donkey’s milk. Entreococcus faecalis (55%) and Streptococcus devriesei (45%) were among the predominant species. The results of this experiment, for the first time, reported the occurrence of Streptococcus devriesei in donkey’s milk in Iran. Despite high lysozyme concentration, donkey’s milk rich in probiotic LAB can be used to feed infants with allergy to cow’s milk proteins. Both Entreococcus and Streptococcus bacteria produce different types of bacteriocins which are effective against a wide range of different type of infections. Occurrence of Streptococcus devriesei in donkey,s milk may provide new research field in Iran.

Leptin resistance is one of the most influential Insulinoma hyper market factors and the absence of glucose in being overweight is associated with disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise, resistance exercise on serum leptin and insulin resistance index in sedentary men. The research method was experimental in which 30 disabled men were randomly selected and divided into three groups: aerobic, resistance exercise and control. The training program aerobic including running on a treadmill for 30 minutes at 60 to 70% of heart rate reserve and resistance exercise with 70% of one repetition maximum of 10 repetitions on each move were done for 3 rounds. Leptin, glucose, insulin and insulin resistance index were measured before and 24 hours after exercise. Resistance exercises, such as aerobic exercises have significant effects on reducing serum leptin concentrations before and 24 hours after the exercise (P<0/05). The levels of serum insulin and insulin resistance index in both groups had a significant reduction (P<0/05). Whereas serum glucose levels remained unchanged in both groups (P>0/05). The results of this study showed that a session of aerobic exercise as resistance exercise, can change the level of leptin with a positive effect on insulin resistance index in sedentary men.