فصلنامه یافته
سال بیستم شماره 1 (پیاپی 75، بهار 1397)

Cellular phones can cause some inappropriate consequences, in addition to having wide applications. Due to the growing popularity of this technology among students, the current study aimed to determine the level of dependency on the cellular phone and its relationship with the academic performance of students of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences.
This descriptive-analysis study was conducted on students of the faculties of Paramedicine, Health and Nutrition at Lorestan University of Medical Sciences in the first semester of 2015-2016. Stratified random sampling was used. Data were collected using a Cellular Phone Dependency Questionnaire (CPDQ), the psychometrics properties of which had been approved. Data analysis was conducted with SPSS software and independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, ANOVA and Duncan's post hoc tests.
The mean of cellular phone dependence score of students was 40.61 ± 8.08, which was at the average level. The findings of the study showed that 24.7 percent of participants had a weak dependency level, 51.3 percent were average, and 24 percent had a strong level. Furthermore, there was a significant inverse relationship between the cellular phone dependence score and the previous semester's grade point average (r = -0.19, p = 0.03) and overall grade point average (r = -0.2, p = 0.006).
The findings of the study showed that cellular phone dependency causes a reduction in academic performance. Considering the increasing spread of cellular phones among students, performing of planning and controls is essential to prevent its negative consequences.

Because of the recurrence of Candida infections, their resistance to antifungal drugs during treatment, the known side effects of chemical drugs, and the existence of some studies that Onosma's genus contains derivatives of alkannin and shikonin that have antifungal properties, for the first time, the antifungal properties of Onosma Chlorotricum were compared with antibiotics.
The plant was collected from Koohdasht in July of 2016, and after detection and drying, N- hexane, methanol, aqueous extracts of plants were prepared by soaking. The antifungal effects of different concentrations of extracts were studied by the disc diffusion method and determination of MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration of growth), MFC (minimum fungicidal concentration) was done by microdilution method. Antibiotics fluconazole and nystatine were used as a positive control and DMSO was used as a negative control . Data were analyzed by t-test and one-way ANOVA.
The mean inhibitory diameter of growth of the hexane extract in concentration of 10 mg / ml was higher than nystatin antibiotic inhibitory diameter of growth for Candida albicans and Candida glaberata (P˂0.05). The lowest MIC for Candida albicans and Candida glaberata was respectively, 15.62 and 31.25 μg / μl, and the lowest MFC for Candida albicans and Candida glaberata was 31.25 and 62.5. μg / μl.
Extracts of this plant showed antifungal effect on Candida albicans and glaberata. The possibility of using this extract in the treatment of Candida infection requires the completion of supplementary studies.

Based on recently conducted research, the reason for more than half of the absences from the work environment and one-third of the work-related compensation claims is attributable to musculoskeletal disorders. This study aimed to evaluate musculoskeletal disorders and assess the risk of these disorders among the welders of Khorramabad, Iran.
This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 170 welders employed in Khorramabad, Iran. The welders were selected using the census sampling method. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was evaluated using a Nordic questionnaire. To assess the risk of musculoskeletal disorders, the QEC method was used. Data analysis was done using the indices of central tendency and t-test.
The results showed that the prevalence of the musculoskeletal disorders is highest in the back (70%), the knees (54.1%), the trunk (50%). The QEC assessment results showed that, in 83.8% of the cases, the risk of developing such diseases is high and very high.
This study showed that the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among the studied welders is high. Additionally, the risk of developing these disorders is also high. Based on these results, among the causes of musculoskeletal disorders among welders, uncomfortable working posture, manual lifting and carrying of loads, and the bending and twisting of the spine and back can be mentioned. In addition to these results, this study showed that the QEC method can offer reliable results.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative bacillus that an opportunistic pathogen in patients with immune system disorder is known. One of the common causes of nosocomial infections is considered. Organisms oxidase positive, catalase positive, animated, and aerobic and lacks the ability to ferment carbohydrates. Group B beta-lactamase, which called MBL. Since the range generally makes antibiotics such as penicillin, cephalosporin, carbapenem broad spectrum and (with the exception of monobactams) are effective, are the clinical problem. Metallo -beta-lactamase (VIM/ IMP) are plasmid genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phenotype and genotype of MBL genes VIM-I and IMP-I in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa imipenem resistant to antibiotics.
in this study by cultivating in public and differential culture and perform biochemical tests isolated for definitive confirmation and study metallobetalactamase genes from PCR was used.For review antibiotic resistance and study metallobetalactamase genes phonotype by disc diffusion.
Group study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were collected from Beheshti Hospital in Qom. Then MBL genes VIM-I and IMP-I after amplification with along 261 bp and 587 bp were observed on gel electrophoresis. From 100 isolates of P. aeruginosa examined 48 isolates (48%) MBLproducers. Forty eight samples was MBL producers. 19 samples (58.39%) have bands of molecular weight of 587 gene IMP and 6 samples (5.12%) have bands of molecular weight of 261 gene VIM also 48 strains of 3 samples (25.6 percent) were containing both genes .antibiotic resistance to gentamicin samples, 36 samples (74%), ciprofloxacin 30 samples (62%), ceftazidime 29 samples (61%) ceftizoxime 27 samples (58%) and imipenem 19 samples (39%) were resistant.
Compared IMP gene alone fisher test P≤0.05 significant relationship was found while the phenotype and gene VIM alone test, fisher P≤0.05 was used, there was no significant relationship. as a result of infection and region and type of antibiotics used in the sector can affect the expression of MBL.

The indiscriminate consumption of antibiotics and their discharge into the environment have created serious complications. Therefore, it is necessary to remove these contaminants from the aquatic environment. The antibiotic Metronidazole is a contaminant that should be eliminated from the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of the Electro-Fenton advanced oxidation process for the removal of metronidazole from aqueous solution.
This research method was experimental and bench scale. The influence of factors such as solution pH, reaction time, the initial concentration of metronidazole, electric current, and hydrogen peroxide concentration on the removal efficiency were investigated.
In this study, the dose of hydrogen peroxide, electric current, and reaction time had a positive effect on metronidazole removal efficiency, while the initial concentration of metronidazole had a negative effect. The optimal values of variable for the removal of more than 99% metronidazole were: pH =7, current 30v, reaction time 40min, dose of hydrogen peroxide 0.02 mol/l and the initial concentration of metronidazole 10mg/l.
The Electro-Fenton process can effectively remove metronidazole from aquatic solutions in environmentally convenient conditions. This process can be used as an efficient method for removing other persistent pollutants from the environment.

Phenylhydrazine (PHZ) as a well-known hemolytic compound causes toxicity in different tissues. The present study aimed to evaluate the probable protective effects of ethyl pyruvate (EP) and vitamin E (vit E) against the damage caused by PHZ in mice kidney.
The adult male mice were divided into eight groups, with 8 mice in each group. The control group received normal saline (0.1ml/day, IP). The second group received PHZ (60mg/kg/48h, IP). The third group received PHZ along with vitamin E (100mg/kg/day, IP). The fourth group received ethyl pyruvate (40mg/kg/day, orally) along with PHZ, and the fifth group received vitamin E and ethyl pyruvate at the same dose as the previous groups, along with PHZ. The sixth group received vitamin E, the seventh group received ethyl pyruvate and the eighth group received vitamin E and ethyl pyruvate, with the same doses as previous groups, without the PHZ. After 35 days of treatment, serum and kidney tissue were sampled for serological, histological and histomorphometrical study.
PHZ treatment caused a significant elevation (P It seems that EP and vit E, as free radical inhibitors, decreased the kidney toxicity induced by PHZ in mice.

Skeletal muscles are composed of various contracted fibrils, which are mainly divided into fast-twitch and slow-twitch. This study aimed to investigate 8 weeks endurance activity on the MEF2 and HDACA4 gene expression in fast-twitch and slow-twitch skeletal muscles in male Wistar rats.
in order to carry out this study, 20 heads of male Wistar rats, age 4 weeks (110± 10), were bought from the Razi Institute of Lorestan Medical University. The same laboratory conditions were provided for the rats for the completion of 14 days of an endurance familiarization course to teach running on treadmill. At the end of this course, the rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. Experimental group (n=10 head) and control group (n= 10 head). An eight week endurance program, 5 sessions per week, was performed for the experimental group.
this study showed that there was no significant change in the relative gene expression of HDACA4 and MEF2 in EDL muscle in either group (P>0.05). However, the relative gene expression of MEF2 in the experimental group was not statically significant in comparison to the control group (P>0.05). In sol muscles, there was no statically significant changes in either group’s gene expression. The relative gene expression of MEF2 in the experimental group showed a statistically significant reduction in comparison to the control group (P>0.05).
in summary, the results of this research have shown that doing 8 weeks endurance exercises did not cause any changes in HDAC4 and MEF2 gene expression in EDL muscle. Although in the SOL muscle, MEF2 gene expression decreased, no changes in the level of HDAC4 gene expression were observed.

Toxoplasmosis is a common disease among humans and animals, that is caused by the infection of the intracellular protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. Infection by this parasite is generally without any clinical symptoms, but it can have severe effects in people with immune deficiency, such as those experiencing chemotherapy, transplantation, cancer and AIDS, as well as dialysis patients. Considering the high prevalence of parasites in different parts of Iran, we decided to study the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in hemodialysis patients, in selected centers of Tehran.
In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 260 hemodialysis patients attending 5 dialysis centers in Tehran in 2016 were studied. The serum samples were analyzed for anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgG antibodies by the ELISA method.
In this study, 175 (67.3%) of the hemodialysis patients tested positive for anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies and 18 (7%) tested positive for anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibodies.
Considering the high prevalence of toxoplasmosis in hemodialysis patients in Tehran compared to other control people in this region, and considering the fact that this infection is one of the most important risk factors in hemodialysis patients, regular screening and detection of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii is necessary in these patients.

Doxorubicin has been used in the treatment of malignancies, including lymphoma, leukemia and breast cancer. Cardiotoxicity is the main adverse effect of doxorubicin. Apigenin, as a flavonoid, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti tumoral properties. The aim of this study is the assessment of the effect of apigenin on cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin.
60 male wistar rats were divided into 6 groups. Cardiotoxicity was induced by 6 injections of doxorubicin (2 mg/kg, ip) over 12 days. The treatment groups received orally 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg/day apigenin for 12 days simultaneously with cardiotoxicity induction.
The heart weight to body weight ratio showed no significant difference between different groups. In the apigenin group (25 mg/kg), EF and FS showed a significant increase (P Apigenin prevents LDH and CK-MB elevation and also EF and FS reduction and improves cardiac tissue changes and leads to a decrease in cardiac damage induced by doxorubicin.

Exercise and nutrition are two basic foundations in the control of increased levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in diabetes disease. The aim of the present study was to review the interactional effects of endurance training and aloe vera gel on ALT and AST levels in diabetic rats.
Forty five diabetic rats were selected and divided into 5 groups of 9 rats (1) first week control, (2) sixth week control, (3) endurance training, (4) aloe vera, (5) endurance training with aloe vera. Also for review of the effects of diabetes induction on ALT and AST, 18 rats were divided into two groups of (6) first week control, and (7) sixth week control. Groups 3 and 5 ran on treadmills for 6 weeks, 3 sessions per week and 20 minutes per session. Groups 4 and 5 received 100 mg/kg aloe vera gel. For statistical analysis of the data one way ANOVA and tukey post hoc tests (p≤0.05) were used.
Diabetes induction has a significant effect on the increase of ALT (p=0.04): endurance training together with aloe vera gel has a significant effect on the reduction of ALT and AST levels (p=0.001); endurance training with aloe vera gel, together with endurance training and aloe vera gel consumption has more effect on reduction of ALT (p=0.001). Endurance exercise together with Aloe vera gel has a greater effect on AST reduction than endurance training alone (P = 0.04).
6 weeks of endurance training and aloe vera gel have interactional effects on the improvement of ALT and AST levels in diabetic rats.

Orexin neurons drive arousal and motivated behaviors in response to stress. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of pilates training on serum levels of orexin and insulin resistance in overweight children.
20 overweight children (10 - 13 years old) were selected from volunteers using purposive sampling, and randomly divided into two groups: Pilates exercise (n= 10) and control (n= 10) groups. Physiological characteristics were measured in both groups. Blood samples were taken before and after eight weeks of Pilates training program to measure the variables of the research. Independent t-tests were used to examine intra-group and inter-group variations of the research.
The findings by paired t-test results showed that Pilates exercise causes a significant increase in orexin (P=0.001). It was also found that eight weeks of Pilates exercise significantly reduced insulin resistance, insulin and glucose (P=0.001). In contrast, the control group had a significant increase in insulin resistance (P=0.001), insulin (P=0.001) and glucose (P=0.027). In addition, eight weeks of pilates training had a significant effect on body weight (P=0.001), fat percentage (P=0.001) and body mass index (P=0.001). It was also found that the control group had a significant increase in body weight, body fat percentage and body mass index.
The results show that eight weeks of pilates training is effective in increasing serum orexin, insulin resistance, insulin and glucose, as well as improving body composition in overweight children.

Previous studies have assessed effect of naloxone on pain severity and side effects of opioids however, their results are inconsistent. Our study was design to determine effect of low-dose naloxone on pain, nausea, vomiting, pruritus and urine retention on patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
In this study 60 patients who need laparoscopic cholecystectomy participated and divided into two groups: naloxone (0.25 mg/kg/h naloxone plus 20 mg/kg/h morphine) and placebo (20 mg/kg/h morphine). Patients were evaluated 2, 4, 8 and 16 h after surgery and severity of pain and side effects including nausea, vomiting, pruritus and urine retention were recorded by a nurse.
Prevalence of nausea, vomiting, pruritus and urine retention in naloxone group was significantly lower than placebo 2, 4, 8 and 16 h after surgery. There was no significant difference on pain severity between two groups.
Our results indicated that naloxone administration significantly decreased side effects of opioid including nausea, vomiting, pruritus and urine retention with no effect on pain severity.