فصلنامه علوم پزشکی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
سال بیست و هفتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 87، بهار 1396)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a common virus in human. The rate of drug resistance is increasing in HSV-1. In this study¡ anti-viral effects of Rhus coriaria L. fruit extract was evaluated against acyclovir resistant HSV-1 before¡ during and after the infection of Hela cell line.
In this experimental study¡ the trypan blue and 3-[4¡5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2¡5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) tests were used to rule out the potential toxic effects extract on the Hela cell line. Antiviral effects of the extract on acyclovir resistant HSV-1 were evaluated before the infection and at different concentrations of the extract. The effective minimal cytotoxic concentration was assessed at different times of virus replication after virus adsorption. Virus titer was determined by tissue culture infectious dose 50 (TCID50) method.
The CC50 value and effective minimal cytotoxic concentration were determined at 780 µg/ml and 390 µg/ml respectively. Treatment of HSV-1 with extract resulted in 1 log10 TCID50 reduction in virus titers after 3 and 4 hour. The highest reduction in acyclovir resistant HSV-1 infectivity was obtained 2 and 4 hour after the infection of the cells with virus resulting in 1.7 log10 TCID50 reduction as compared with control.
The antiviral effects of Rhus coriaria L. fruit extract on acyclovir resistant HSV-1 after virus infection was more remarkable than the treatment of virus with the extract before virus adsorption. Keywords: Sumac extract¡ Antiviral effects¡ Herpes simplex virus type 1.

Diabetes mellitus is a major endocrine disorder and growing health problem in most countries. We studied effects of Avicennia marina fruits aqueous and hydroalcoholic extract in the diabetic rat by streptozotocin.
In this experimental study, 45 male rats were divided into 9 groups of 5, including sham group, diabetes sham, positive sham (diabetes 0.9% normal saline) and treated diabetic groups orally with aqueous and hydroalcoholic extract of Avicennia marina fruits (30, 60, 120 mg/kg daily for three consecutive days). Twenty-four hours after the last treatment rats, blood samples were collected from heart for determining the blood glucose and insulin concentration levels using glucose oxidase and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods respectively.
All doses of Avicennia marina fruits aqueous and hydroalcoholic extract significantly decreased serum glucose level of diabetic test rats compared to treated diabetic sham rats. 60mg/kg of Avicennia marina fruits hydroalcoholic extract and all doses of Avicennia marina fruits aqueous extract significantly increased serum insulin level of diabetic test rats compared to treated diabetic sham rats.
In this study, we have shown that Avicennia marina fruits aqueous and hydroalcoholic extract can significantly decrease the blood glucose.

Honey, as the most curative material, is used for healing majority of diseases. This study aimed at analyzing the role of honey and silver nano particles in changing blood biochemical factors in renal stone of male mice.
In this experimental study, 30 Albino male mice were randomly divided into 5 groups of 6 each, including healthy control, negative control received only water with 1% ethylen glycol, and 3 experimental groups received 15 ethylen glycol and 125mg/kg honey, 250 mg/kg honey and 125 ppm nano silver, respectively. After 30 days treatment, blood sampling was done via heart, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and albumin were evbaluated.
The findings showed that only in the group of 125 mg/kg honey, significant decrease and increases could be found in the amount of BUN (p It can be expected that honey, due to its strong antioxidant properties, will result in improvement of blood biochemical factor in kidney stone, while silver nano particles will cause increase in urine calcium oxalate and consequently lead to renal stone.

Few studies have investigated the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and diabetic neuropathy. Present study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
In this semi-experimental trial, 30 diabetic subjects aged over 35 years with peripheral neuropathy with serum levels of vitamin D less than 30ng/ml, were sequentially selected. The NSS questionnaire (Neuropathy Symptom Score) used to determine the severity of the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy (subjective data) and NDS questionnaire (Neuropathy Disability Score) used for symptoms of neuropathy (objective information). Participants were treated by 50,000 IU/week of oral vitamin D for 10 weeks.
30 patients with mean age of 60.1 years, including 10 (33%) men, were studied. 83.3% had serum vitamin D deficiency (under 20ng/mL) and 16.7% had serum vitamin D insufficiency (20-30ng/mL). Mean (± standard deviation) serum vitamin D levels was 14.37±5.86 ng/mL. Seventy percent of participants showed a significant decrease in NSS scores (p=0.02), as well as declining in mean of their scores (p Prescription of vitamin D for 3 months improved the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy in diabetic patients regarding NSS; however, NDS showed no changes in the examinations of participants.

Intelligence is one of the big standards in present arrangement with the society and important factors of difference between persons. This study aimed to investigate impact of emotional intelligent education on emotional intelligent improvement among medical students of Tehran Medical Branch.
This quasi- experimental study with pre-test and post – test design with was done on all medical students of Tehran Medical Branch in year 2014-2015. 40 students were selected by simple random sampling and assigned in two groups. Bar – on standard emotional intelligent questionnaire (2002) was used. The experimental group received eight training sessions.
There was significant relationship between reduced mean score of experimental group, before and after the training. T- test statistical test indicated changes in the performance of experimental group related to control group (P The results showed that emotional intelligence education had impact on personal skill, general mood and coping with stress; though this training did not have impact on interpersonal skills and adaptability among students.

MAZDAK project that is child friendly environment program with community-based approach in terms of all-round development of children in Iran is running as a pilot in the neighborhood of Eivanak in the West of Tehran.
This study was a community-based participatory research (CBPR) of the health system research (HSR). All of the households in Eivanak neighborhood area of Tehran were considered in the study.
MAZDAK was designed to monitor child development, care and safety by organizing local community and participating parents. For facilitating the parent’s participation, some group of local women were organized, named REZAKAR, to connect parents. Now, 300 people of local family are under the study and monitoring the child development (by ASQ) and home safety evaluation (by checklist) and related interventions has been implemented in partnership with parents and the volunteers.
Important requirements, such as inter-sectoral collaboration and cooperation of parents, should be considered for the early childhood development projects to make the better process. Although it has a lot of efficacy, but it has several challenges at different stages of participation and community mobilization and sustainability of the local organizing face. Evidence from a variety of initiatives during the implementation of such projects is the collective wisdom to deal with this challenge is to be able to guide similar efforts.

Traditional methods for discrimination iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and β-thalassemia trait (BTT), which using CBC indices, are not accurate enough and complementary tests such as Hb electrophoresis are time consuming and expensive. In this study, we introduced the methods with higher accuracy.
In this study, 510 CBC samples were collected from several screening centers in north of Iran. The number of samples associated with IDA, BTT, and normal subjects were 167, 132, and 211, respectively. The collected samples were used to establish the methods, adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and multi-layer perceptron (MLP), through the use of 10-Fold cross validation. In each step of cross validation mathematical methods such as MI, E&FI, S&BI, S&LI, G&KI, EI and SI were investigated by the test samples.
Several indices, such as sensitivity (SENS), specificity (SPEC), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy (ACC), and Youden’s index (YI), have been obtained for the all mentioned methods in each step of Cross Validation. T test showed that the ANFIS and the MLP had not difference (p This study indicates that using artificial intelligence as medical diagnostic tools can help the physicians in discrimination between similar diseases and also it increases accuracy in difficult cases.

The patients who have human immunodeficiency virus, are susceptible to opportunistic infections and tumors due to disease progress and their immune system suppression. Early diagnosis and suitable management of these patients can decrease their mortality and morbidity. Present study was performed for determination of prevalence of viral hepatitis B and C and high risk behavioral among HIV patients.
Present cross sectional study was performed on 481 HIV patients in consultant clinic of behaviors disorders of west Tehran hygiene center at September 2014. Demographic and behavioral data and serum viral hepatitis B and C measurements in participated patients were gathered in the study checklist.
Among 481 HIV patients, 331 (68.8%) and 32 (6.6%) patients had hepatitis C and B co-infection and ninety-three patients had only HIV infection. Co-infection of HCV and HBV infection were diagnosed in 25 (51.9%) HIV patients.
There were significant association between high risk behaviors with HCV infection and drug abuse, common syringe use with both of HCV and HBV infection among HIV patients.

The purpose of this study was to compare mindfulness and emotion regulation in three groups, including resistance drug users to treatment, drug users in treatment that in the past year did not recurrence and normal individuals.
In this study, 50 resistance drug users to treatment, 50 drug users in treatment and 50 normal individuals were selected via cluster random sampling. The subjects completed Five fact mindfulness questionnaire and emotion regulation. The gathered data was analyzed using SPSS-17 and descriptive statistic index and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).
The findings obtained in this study indicated that the use of drug with recurrence, compared to those taking the drug had relapses in the past year and normal subjects, had higher ssuppression, and lower reappraisal and mindfulness. Those who had recurrence of consuming substances in the past year, compared with normal subjects, had lower mindfulness and reappraisal and finally greater suppression.
The link between emotion and addiction is well-known. Emotion and low mindfulness increases the likelihood of drug use, and can precipitate relapses following treatment.

Depression, as an important factor in decreasing patient compliance of treatment, endangers patient health. Available social support also plays a role in vulnerability as well as his resistance power. This paper aims at determining the relation between depression and social support in hemodialysis patients in clinical trial hospitals of Mazandaran.
In a descriptive-correlative research, 230 hemodialysis patients were selected and investigated randomly who had the criteria of research. The tool was questionnaire divided into 3 sections consists of demographic characteristics, Beck depression questionnaire, and Brant & Winret social support questionnaire (PRQ 85).
Mean (± standard deviation) score of depression was 25.57 ±12.84. Mean (± standard deviation) of total social support was 127.97±19.16. There was a significant relationship between social support and depression in hemodialysis patients.
Our findings indicate the relation between social support and depression in hemodialysis patients. Regarding to high prevalence of depression in dialysis patients, social support can decrease depression and eventually help significantly with improving quality life of hemodialysis patients. Keywords: Depression, Social support, Hemodialysis, Iran.