نشریه پایداری، توسعه و محیط زیست
سال چهارم شماره 3 (پاییز 1396)

Water crisis and scarcity, have been one of the most important issues in the Zayandehrud basin in recent years. In the past decade, by changing the management of the basin from integrated management of the basin to provincial management, the drainage crisis and the destruction of resources have become more intense in changing the use of agricultural land in the west of the basin. Therefore, this study has been conducted to determine the trend and type of land use and to study the effects of climate change and human intervention in this basin.
In this research, satellite mapsfrom Lansat 8 and 5 have been used for this purpose. Atmospheric and radiometric correction were done. Using the NDVI vegetation index, the distribution of land types during the period from 1993 to 2015 is set to for 4 classes.
The results of the study of land cover and natural ecosystems in Zayandeh Rood basin during the past 23 years have shown that in the period of ten years after the implementation of provincial management, agricultural lands and natural ecosystems with trend An increase is going to be destroyed because of developing of agricultural lands and roads in this area.
The results of this research will make it possible to make basic decisions in developing management policies for planners and managers in the Zayandehrud basin for sustainability and assessment of natural resources.

Water quality monitoring and continuous control of the main tools for managing and protecting these resources is valuable. NSFWQI water quality index of general water quality parameters, most application requirements.
This study aimed to done evaluate the quality of river water quality index NSFWQI Bahmanshir. In the present study, sampling was done in 6 months and 5 selected stations and water quality parameters were investigated including: temperature, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, PH, nitrate, phosphate, total dissolved solids, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total coliform and total fecal form along the river.
Using data obtained from the study were analyzed water quality index NSFWQI. According to the results of indicators qualitative the highest index NSFWQI are the second station with 43.33 and then the first station with 40.63, the fourth station with 38.25, fifth station with 37.63 and lowest the index with 37.10 is the third station.
Results show that the five sampling stations all stations in terms of water quality classification in the category are ill then result is the river's water is suitable for irrigation of agricultural lands. Upstream has less pollution downstream Bahmanshir.

Due to the lack of research and the importance of environmental knowledgelevel of health house workers as a key element in protecting the environment, This study has been done with the aim of comparative analyses of environmental knowledge level of health house workers.
Methodology ofthis research was descriptive- comparative research. All health house workers of health center of Shahindej central part in 2016 consisted the statistical population of the study. The sampling method was randomly simple and the size of sample was considered 35 based on Kregci-Morgan table and taking errorα=0/05. A researcher made questioner was used to evaluate level of environmental knowledge of tasters. The content validity of the questioner was verified by specialists and the instrument reliability by using Cronbach’s Alfa coefficient was determined 0/64. The data which were gathered by Spass.vs.22 software, were analyzed by independent-samples T test and one way ANOVA.
The environmental knowledge level of health house workers is meaningfully different depending on their age (P Environmental knowledgelevel of health house workers Based on age, education, gender and Years of service are different and to equalization their environmental knowledge level, In-service training is suggested.

In this paper, identification and risk analysis in the production and revitalization unit of Al-Mahdi aluminum factory Bandar Abbas has been accomplished by analyzing the failure modes and its effects on the production process of the product.
After reviewing the background and reviewing the research literature for environmental risk assessment, the factory interviews were conducted with the factory staff and a list of possible risk factors was identified after completing the worksheets and examining the documentation of the integrated plant management system called IMS. By completing closed questionnaires, 50 employees in the field were identified as the most important risk-generating resources in the unit under study. After identification of various plant activities and processes, potential sources of damage were identified and classified according to the probability of occurrence and severity of their effects on human, equipment and energy.
Comparison of the number of risk priority numbers calculated in the unit under study of the factory concluded that the priority of risk in electrical insulating activities with score of 162 in the first and then wheelbase opening activities, mechanical lifters, five tons cranes and Earthing system with scores 144, 140,140and 108 are second to fifth steps. Also, the risks associated with the endginner and wrench column are rated at 14 with the lowest risk perceptibility.
the results of this study showed that relatively safe conditions are in the production and revitalization unit of the Al -Mahdi aluminum factory.

Today, the complicated nature of environmental problems has made the application of integrated and holistic approaches necessary to address all of their aspects properly and therefore coming to practical and appropriate solutions to solve them in a fundamental manner. Driving force- Pressure- State- Impact-Response framework (DPSIR) is a systemic approach that finds out and highlights the key interactions between humans and their environment and depicts the main causes of environmental impacts of mans’ activity on the environment.
This research, presents a part of Tehran’s second State of Environmental (SoE) report, in which by help of DPSIR as a casual and integrated framework, different aspects of waste, as a major factor affecting the environment in Tehran are analyzed and responses for each aspect is suggested separately.
Results and The results show that the growth of waste production in Tehran is higher than the rate of population growth. Therefore factors like change in life style and overusing the resources and also increasing environmental pressure and load due to the presence of non-habitant population in day time has made this problem. Municipal and medical wastes had a considerable growth in temporal scale of the research. Using Driving force- Pressure- State- Impact-Response frame work (DPSIR) as a casual model in studying waste of Tehran shows that for managing and control of this phenomenon, fundamental solutions are needed. One of such solutions can be reducing population load in Tehran by spatial and land use planning and redistributing the population and activities which need long term planning. For intermediate and short term, introducing households with cultural training in order to reduce waste production and control and regulating food and package industries to use healthy and decay able input matters can be effective.

Environmental protection and natural ecosystems are among the principles of sustainable development in the countryside. Development is compatible with the preservation of environmental, biological and related resources. In this regard, the present study aimed at evaluating environmental indicators based on the dimensions of sustainable development in rural settlements of Golchidar village in Marivan county.
The statistical population of this study was 16 villages of Golchider rural municipality (803) households, which were selected by available sampling method. The questionnaire was distributed using a sample size based on the number of households in each village. The research methodology is conducted in a descriptive and analytical manner, so that at the descriptive stage, the present situation is identified and in the process of work, using statistical analysis, we deduce and explain the results.
The results of environmental status indices using the Rij model in the studied villages indicate that among the 16 indicators surveyed, 8 indicators, 50% of the villages were in a complete state of instability and undesirable, in which the index of sewage facilities with a degree of sustainability 010 /. In the worst case, there are environmental indicators. One-sample t-test showed that there is a significant relationship between environmental indicators and the instability of rural settlements studied.
Regarding the fact that rural areas of the study area are not in desirable condition, it is necessary to review the status of indicators of sustainable development in the village of Golchidar and to have proper and effective management factors for preserving the village and its ecosystem.