فهرست مطالب

نشریه بیماریهای عفونی و گرمسیری
پیاپی 77 (تابستان 1396)

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/07/24
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Jalil Nejati, Hassan Vatandoost*, Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi, Mona Koosha, Abedin Saghafipour Pages 1-17
    Background And Objective
    The report of numerous outbreaks of dengue fever, Zika , yellow fever and chikungunya from various regions of the world, as well as expansion of their vectors in recent decades, emphasize the importance of monitoring and control of these arboviruses vectors . Ovitrap is used as the most common tool for monitoring of the vectors population. This review was conducted to introduce the important of this device.
    Materials And Methods
    In this study, 77 English articles indexed in different databases such as Pubmed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, Science direct and Google scholar were exploited.
    Results
    Sixteen Ovitrap in 6 different groups were studied, from which the simplest was CDC Ovitrap and the most advanced were ln2 trap and Improved Autocidal Gravid Ovitrap. In addition to the dengue vectors, today ovitrap can be used in the monitoring and control of malaria vectors such as Ovi-ART gravid trap. Ease of use, long life, easy maintenance and environmentally friendly is considered as the advantages of ovitraps. Ovitrap structure, function, settings and its indexes were also explored.
    Conclusions
    Generally, ovitrap includes vectors of the important diseases like dengue fever, yellow fever, West Nile fever, equine encephalitis and so on. It can play on research, monitoring and control for these major diseases. This study can raise the awareness of health workers in this issue especially in the areas with the possibility of vector existence.These devise also could be employed for control of vector using larvicides and attractants in it.
    Keywords: Ovitrap, Ovitrap Index, Dengue Fever, Chikungunya, Zika, vectors of Arboviruses
  • Zahra Boluki, Ali Reaz Bahonar *, Hesamodin Akbarein, Hamid Sharifi Pages 19-28
    Background And Objective
    Despite progress in health and medical sciences in the recent decades, human brucellosis (Malta fever) is still an important endemic disease in IR of Iran. Various signs and symptoms of the disease in patients makes the diagnosis of the disease difficult. Knowing the frequency of these signs and symptoms in the patients through the country can improve the level of awareness of the them and give a measure of the overall assessment of the disease.
    Materials And Methods
    This study was a systematic review on studies conducted in IR of Iran and reported the frequency of signs and symptoms of brucellosis. Finding the studies was done by using the broad keywords in the intended database such as Cochrane, Campbell Collaboration, Pubmed, Sciencedirect, SID, and Magiran.
    Results
    Defining the principles of inclusion and exclusion criteria through 881 found articles, 23 articles were analyzed. The most common signs and symptoms were fever (67.46%), arthralgia (59.22%), sweating (56.96%), fatigue or weakness (54.03%) and back pain (51.21%).
    Conclusion
    Brucellosis is a disease with a Thousand Faces and can cause various kinds of clinical signs and symptoms in patients. Recognizing these signs and symptoms and awareness of diversity and frequency of each of them can make diagnostic process shorter and easier.
    Keywords: Brucellosis. Malta Fever, Iran, Meta-Analysis, Signs, Symptoms
  • Massomeh Sofian, Amitis Ramezani, Maryam Tavana, Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad, Mohammad Reza Sharif, Mohammad Banifazl, Ali Asghar Farazi, Alireza Sharif, Arezoo Aghakhani * Pages 29-31
    Background
    Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a defective RNA virus that depends on the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) for its replication. Infection with hepatitis D virus in hepatitis B virus chronic carriers causes accelerated progression to chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma. In studies conducted in Iran and different countries, different prevalence of HDV had been reported. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of hepatitis D virus infection in chronic hepatitis B patients in Arak city.
    Patients and
    Methods
    This cross-sectional study was conducted on 95 chronic hepatitis B patients in Arak city. Demographic characteristics and risk factors for HDV transmission were recorded. Hepatitis D antibody (Anti-HDV) was determined by ELISA in the serums of patients.
    Results
    In this study 95 chronic hepatitis B patients were enrolled. 61% of cases were male and 39% were female. Anti-HDV was detected in 2 (2.1%) of chronic hepatitis B patients. There was no significant association between HBV/HDV co-infection and sex, age, education level and occupation (P values: 0.74, 0.52, 0.95 and 0.65 respectively). There was no history of injection drug use, unprotected sexual contacts, tattooing and history of familial contact in hepatitis D infected patients.
    Conclusion
    Our results showed that Arak is an area of low HDV infection in Iran.
    Keywords: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)_Hepatitis D Virus (HDV)_Arak
  • Mohammad Reza Zareinejad, Roya Mirzaei, Kamran Pooshang Bagheri*, Delavar Shahbazzadeh * Pages 31-37
    Background And Objective
    Cancer is a complex disease characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation. It is a main global public health problem. Chemotherapy is the dominant method in the treatment of cancer and patients often show tumors that become resistant to the drug, leading to serious side effects and death. Brain cancer is about 31% of all cancers detected among children. Scorpion venoms are a source of useful biologically active compounds with anti-tumor effects. The purpose of this research, was purification of the fractions from the venom of Iranian scorpion, Hemiscorpius lepturus by gel filtration chromatography and evaluation of its anticancer activity on brain cancer cell line .
    Materials And Methods
    Scorpion venom was prepaired and after concentration determination, the venom fractions were purified by gel filtration chromatography using sephadex G50 and deried in a freeze dryer system. The molecular weight ranges of the fractions were detected in SDS-PAGE. The anticancer effect of each fraction was examined using different protein concentrations on U-87 MG cell line.
    Results
    According to data obtained from gel filtration, seven FPLC fractions were collected. As the fraction No.4 was contained peptide fraction used for evaluation of anticancer activity. The anticancer effect of the peptide fraction on brain cancer cells was 47% in 0.31µg. No toxicity was observed on with fibroblast cells at this concentration.
    Conclusion
    Iranian scoprion venom had significant activity on brain cancer cell lines and no toxicity was shown on control cells. The use of natural compounds as potential anti-cancer agents that are derived from venomous animals could be assisted to fighting against cancer. This study is the first report regarding to existence of an anticancer fraction that is effective on glioblastoma cancer cell line derived fron the venon of Iranian scrorpion, H. lepturus.
    Keywords: Venom, Iranian scorpion, MTT assay, Brain cancer, U-87 MG cell line
  • Elham Siasi *, Seyedeh Raya Ghazi Pages 39-49
    Background And Objective
    Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common bacterial of Urinary tract infection that is important for appropriate treatment. This bacteria has two complete system quorum sensing that are activated pathogenic genes. In this study was isolated antibiotic resistante Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Urinary Tract Infection. Then by molecular analysis detected rhlR, rhlI and lasR genes as genetic marker for identification of Pseuodomonas aeroginosa.
    Materials and methods- 150 urine samples were collected. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from urine by biochemical tests. Antibiogram was performed by disk diffusion method. DNA was extracted from resistant isolates. Then rhlR, rhlI and lasR genes were found by PCR.
    Results- 23 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from urine samples. The most strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant to ceftazidime and meropenem, while the least resistance were observed for ciprofloxacin and piperacillin-tazobactam. Frequency of rhlR, rhlI and rhlR genes were in 11, 2 and 15 strains, respectively.
    Conclusion- Results showed that rhlR, rhlI and lasR genes were existed in resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The defectives of quorum sensing genes reduces the susceptibility to antibiotics. In this study just rhlR, rhlI and lasR genes were analyzed and for correlation determining require a full genetic panel.
    Keywords: Urinary Tract Infection, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, rhlR, rhlI, lasR genes, Quorum sensing
  • Hadi Okati, Mohammad-Ebrahim Mohammadghasemi, Maliheh Metanat *, Masoud Salehi, Javid Dehghan Pages 51-55
    Background And Objective
    Changes of pulmonary tuberculosis on chest radiographs varies.According to recent studies, the incidence of unusual radiological findings has increased, but a comparison in relation to the changes before and after the treatment has been done. This study evaluates the diversity of radiographic views in pulmonary tuberculosis patients before and after treatment.
    Materials And Methods
    In this study, the chest radiographs of 85 patients with smear-positive TB were evaluated before and after treatment. The type and extent of parenchymal and mediastinal abnormalities was reported by a radiologist and data were analyzed with software spss 21.
    Results
    The most common radiologic pattern was infiltration, 75 cases (88.2%) before treatment and 43 cases (50.5%) after treatment. Most Abnormalities were seen in the right lung. The most lobes was the left upper lobe The frequency of collapse and calcification pre-treatment and infiltration after treatment showed significant correlation with increasing age. The risk of calcification was higher in older age.
    Conclusion
    Although the disorder CXR TB patients varied, but two lesions infiltration and Hillary lymphadenopathy include the highest frequency. However chest rdiographic lesions showed no consistent pattern in patients with PTB but the radiographic findings in addition clinical findings are helpful in the preliminary assessment and response to treatment .
    Keywords: pulmonary tuberclusis, positive smear, chest X-ray
  • Safa Elmi, Ali Rostami, Faranak Elmi, Haedeh Mobaiyen* Pages 57-62
    Background And Objective
    Infection with Hepatitis B virus has been spreading worldwide and it has different prevalence rate in different countries. Nowadays, over 350 million people are carriers of surface antigen of hepatitis B in worldwide. On the other hand, health care worker take place in high risk in infection and carriage of virus. Therefore, the present study has been conducted to demonstrate the immune level of individual among personnel of Hashtrood Imam Khomeini hospital.
    Materials And Methods
    This study is descriptive one that carried out upon 130 medical staff personnel of our hospital who injected hepatitis B vaccine for 3 times. Antibody titration was done by ELISA method. The results, based on antibody levels, were divided into 3 groups of ≤ 10, 11100, and > 100 (mlu/ml). Sampling process was simple (available method). Demographic and infectious diseases background was collected and finally, the data was processed by SPSS software.
    Results
    Seven % of cases had less than 10mIu/ml antibody titer, 50 % in 11-100mIu/ml, and 43% had more than 100mIu/ml. The results of static analysis showed that immunization level had not significant relationship with demographic data and type of infectious disease.
    Conclusion
    Regarding to high risk for infection by hepatitis B virus among personnel of medical staffs, it is necessary to identify unimmunized personnel in order to control hospital infections.
    Keywords: antibody titer, hepatitis B, hospital personnel
  • Mohsen Tabasi, Shima Javadinia, Hossein Masoumi Asl, Amir Hesam Nemati, Reza Azizian, Mehri Alipour, Azardokht Tabatabaei * Pages 63-68
    Background And Objective
    Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a major threat in the hospital environment is the most frequently isolated Gram-negative organism in wound infections, pneumonia, urogenital sepsis, and severe burns. One of the most worrying characteristics of this bacterium is its low antibiotic susceptibility. Additionally, P. aeruginosa has an innate ability to adhere to surface and form biofilms particularly difficult to eradicate. Biofilm formation is an important bacterial survival strategy. In humans, biofilms are responsible for numerous pathologies usually associated with use of medical devices and antimicrobial activity. Current study is aimed to evaluate the biofilm formation potency and antimicrobial activity among P. aeruginosa isolated from patients with urinary tract infection (UTI).
    Materials And Methods
    Urine related isolates detected by biochemical tests such as OF, SIM, TSI and Oxidase. Susceptibility test done based on Kirby Bauer method and antibiotics were selected based on CLSI. Biofilm formation assay done by Microplate method and finally read at 495 n.m. Results analyzed by t-student method on SPSS-software version19.
    Results
    81 P.aeruginosa isolates collected form UTI samples. Resistance pattern for Tobramycin (Tob), Imipenem (Imp), Gentamicin (GM), Piperacillin (Pip), Ceftazidime (Caz), Cefoxitin (CF), Ciprofloxacin (Cip) were 23.45%, 6.17%, 24.69%, 11.11%, 21%, 75.3% and 23.45%. Additionally, 25.93% isolates had no potential to form biofilm but 5.185%, 17.6% and 16.06% were (Weakness), (Moderate) and potency (Strength).
    Conclusion
    Our finding indicates 74.08% isolates had ability to form biofilm and 16.06% isolates form biofilm straightly. Most antimicrobial resistance were observed against GM and CF. Moreover, In addition to the genetic elements, biofilm formation can be considered one of the main reasons for resistance to antibiotics.
    Keywords: P.aeruginosa, Antibiotic resistance, Biofilm, UTI