فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی در آموزش عالی
سال بیست و دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 80، تابستان 1395)

Cheating in exams is one of the most important cases that had violated the scientific honesty and seriously had weakened teaching quality, reliability in the assessment process and public confidence in higher education. Therefore, his study aimed to identify factors involved in cheating in exams based on lived experiences of graduate students. A qualitative research approach with descriptive phenomenology method was chosen for this study. Using snowball sampling method, 26 students were interviewed. Five main themes emerged from the analysis of the data that can describe graduate student's experiences of cheating in exams. These themes were included: educational, instructional, personality, social and environmental factors. The results can be categorized in two main internal and structural factors. Internal factors are related to talents, perceptions, realization and family environment. Structural factors are the factors that affect the performance of a person from outside environment to do the cheating.

The purpose of this article was to examine adherence of Iranian public university students to the professional norms in academic research. In this study, the views of graduate students (n: 2373) at 10 universities affiliated with Ministry of Science, Research and Technology were evaluated. In this research, multiple methods including documentary study, survey and comparative analysis were used. Research instrument was made by incorporating recent views based on Robert Merton's view and 34 items scale developed by Katarina Prpic. Students reported more adherences to the academic norms than educational environment adherence to the norms. This finding revealed a significant gap between evaluation of students from themselves and academic environment in their adherence to the academic norms. Paired sample t-test taken on student's different views about their self-assessment and learning environment in adherence to professional norms by five scale items, indicated that adherence to scientific ethic had highest and academic generous and benevolent had lowest level of differences. Scores on the rules of academic action were at the second level, academic responsibility at the third level and academic perfectionism at fourth level of differences.

Universities have been considered by city planners as one of the most important location-based institutions. There is consensus created that to achieve regional balance and rational use of the features and capabilities of the region, it is necessary to focus on how to deploy and congest higher education in the region. There should be a special efforts made in revising the content of educational programs and making them practically appropriate for regional potentials. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of higher education in the development of the country's provinces by using Maurice's factor analysis and development coefficient models to evaluate the performance of universities and higher education centers in the economic development of the country's 31 provinces.The results showed that with the increasing number of higher education institutions, regional access to the urban, socio-economic and cultural infrastructure had increased. But, due to lack of country wide spatial planning, particularly in the higher education system, university functions is isolated from socio-economic activities of regions and could not play an important role in providing human resource specialists working in various economic sectors specifically for agriculture.

In this study, the relationship between education development, economic growth, urbanization and ICT was studied. This research was conducted for Iran during 1971-2012 periods. Research models were estimated by utilizing Econometric Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) technique. The results of the data analysis showed that education had a positive impact on economic growth and urbanization. Urbanization had a positive impact on economic growth and education. Economic growth had positive impact on education and negative impact on urbanization. ICT had a positive impact on economic growth and urbanization, and negative impact on education expenditure.

Because of the shortage of experts in some periods, many universities were established without considering quality. This caused a decline in quality of educational system and a mismatch between numbers of graduates and society's needs. Today, shortages had been overcome and quantity expansion is replaced by needs for quality expansion. This paper attempted to measure efficiency and productivity of 20 comprehensive public universities in all levels, and determines factors effecting productivity growth such as efficiency change and technological growth. Data envelopment analysis, as an appropriate method to measure efficiency and productivity changes, was used. Results showed that that the efficiency of teaching sector is better than research sector, whereas productivity change of reaserch sector was positive and teaching sector was negetive. Furthermore, in an equal conditions, most universities were relatively inefficient. Only Shahid Beheshti University and University of Tehran were somewhat efficient institutions in both teaching and research. Other universities didn’t have balanced growt . It is necessary to have strategic plans and creating a competitive environment in order to increase productivity in Iran's universities.

Organization's social responsibility as a guideline for ethical business has been increasing in recent years. The scope of this concept and its movement could be understood by large number of publications, conferences and active organizations. This study aimed to study social accountability at the Islamic Azad Universities in Khorasan Razavi, North Khorasan and South Khorasan and to recommend a model for their evaluation. The statistical population consisted of 350 faculty members employed in above universities. Using random sampling method, 323 individuals were selected. Based on research findings, there are five basic dimensions in the model of university social accountability: humanitarian, economic, legal, ethical and technology. For the first time, technology accountability dimension added to the dimensions and 46 indicators were identified for it. This finding distinguishes this study from previous studies. It can be argued that this model, in addition to the advantages of the reviewed models, has the most adaptation to the current situation and therefore offers the most optimal model for internal evaluation.

University-industry collaboration (UIC) in agriculture sector is one the most important issues which will guarantee the sustainable knowledge- based development of agriculture in different countries. The examination of UIC background in agriculture reveals that these mechanisms are diverse and have complementary and interdependency relationships to each other. Thus, identifying contexts and mechanisms in these institutions for collaboration with industry and improving their relationships is important. This study was conducted in college of agriculture and natural resources of University of Tehran. At first, different mechanisms of UIC in agriculture sector were categorized in five broad policies. Second, policies were ranked according to various criteria. The results, according to combined criteria of research, revealed that policies such as revising and transforming contents and educational mechanisms appropriate to the industry's needs and joint contracts between university and industry were the most preferred policies among others, respectively.