فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی در آموزش عالی
سال بیست و دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 79، بهار 1395)

Academic procrastination is a common phenomenon among college students, and its prevention is the main concern for educational authorities. This study carried out to investigate the role of personality traits and goal orientations in explaining procrastination. The research method was descriptive - correlational and its population was all students at PNU Birjand, 330 of whom were selected by convenience sampling method. The Lee academic Procrastination Scale, the Five Personality Factor Inventory (BFI) and the Elliott and McGregor Achievement questionnaire were used for data gathering. Descriptive statistics including mean, and standard deviation and inferential statistics comprising Pearson correlation, simultaneous regression and stepwide multiple regression were used for data analysis. Results showed that there is a significant relationship between the five personality factor and goal orientation with procrastination. Multiple regression analysis showed that task orientation, openness to experience, neuroticism and mastery approach, and mastery-avoidance orientation significantly predict to procrastination. In addition, the results showed that 96 percent of the procrastination variation is explained by personality traits and goal orientation. In general, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between the five factors of personality and goal orientation with academic procrastination, and personality and goal orientation are significant predictors of academic procrastination.

Currently, agricultural higher education is facing retention problems among students in agricultural colleges in the country. This dilemma is more serious when dropout rates show an increasing rate. This qualitative study sought to investigate the reasons behind college dropout in College of Agriculture at Razi University. A purposive sample of 101 students who dropped out of college during 1390-1392 participated in this study. Data was collected using telephone interviews. Content analysis of telephone interviews showed diverse reasons behind student dropout. A total of 11 categories emerged as factors influencing student's dropout: 1) Being hopeless towards agricultural job market in the future, 2) having no interest in agricultural discipline, 3) receiving negative feedback from advisors when choosing major, 4) having family with financial problems, 5) low social acceptance towards agriculture in the society, 6) agriculture being a male dominated discipline, 7) family economic problems, 8) not interested in continuing education, 9) being pre-occupied with military service, 10) not being aware about agriculture as a discipline, and 11) choosing a wrong major. Results of this study can have implications for agricultural higher education policy makers in general and Razi University in particular. They can use the results in planning for creating a positive image of agriculture major and developing effective orientation programs for freshmen entering agricultural disciplines.

The purpose of present study was to investigate the process of socialization of doctoral students. This research was carried out using qualitative approach, grounded theory and deep and semi-structured interview with 31 doctoral students and 9 faculty members at University of Isfahan. Findings indicated inefficiency and weakness of academic socialization in the doctoral programs. This problem is consequence of some causal conditions such as weakness in instructional and research systems, weakness of facultie's scientific socialization and poor quality of scientific relationships and collaboration among students. Moreover, weakness in scientific culture, problems related to the structure and policies of Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, and University of Isfahan were among contextual factors that contributed to the inefficiency of scientific socialization process. Motivational and value system of students for attending doctoral degree were intermediary factor that intensify inefficiency of scientific socialization process. Students are categories in three classes: students with plan, passive students and legitimizing students. Brain drain, absence of scientific interest, feeling of frustration and powerlessness, and scientific anomie and immorality were consequences that each group of students was more or less experienced.

In the present era, ethics is the key concept. Development of information and communication technologies has effected all areas of human life and actor's ethical and professional life in scientific fields not exempt from these developments. Increased use of the internet and cyberspace has attracted the attention of scientists in academic research into emerging concepts such as computer ethics, translation ethics, knowledge ethics and most important of all research ethics. The purpose of this study was to investigate Predisposing factors for research ethics and method was a qualitative with an emphasis on grounded theory approach. Participants in this study were 12 graduate students at Tabriz University in 2014. In this study, a purposive sampling and the critical cases strategy was used. Data were collected through appointment interview method with emphasis on the information confidentiality of student's information. The central questions in this study were: What are the factors effecting noncompliance to research ethics? What are the consequences of noncompliance to research ethics? What to do? Based on Strauss and Corbin's systematic and analytical procedures, data from interviews were analyzed in three steps: open coding, axial and selective. Research validity obtained through peer debriefing, members control and self-monitoring. Results showed that personal factors (delayed gratification, instrumental attitude toward research and religiosity of researchers) and structural (incomplete educational socialization, lack of material welfare, lack of a non-material welfare, normative pressures of society, social learning, quantitative oriented higher education, poor systematic supervision, the negative attitudes of society and the scientific community toward students) are couragements not to follow the standards of research ethics. Doxa Cracy in the anomy as the central core is discovered.

A university is a place for the production of science, knowledge, and skill training of students who play an important role in the process of social and economic developmentþý. However, to fulfill this role, the awareness of academic culture and its application is indispensable. In this study, ýbased on Bourdieu's theory of cultural and social capital, the influential manner of this awareness was examined. The research method was a descriptive-survey. Statistical research population was all students at Payam-e-noor University-Ahar Branch (N= 1600). The statistical sample was randomly selected (n= 310) by using Morgan table and multistage cluster sampling method. Survey instrument was a researcher-made ýquestionnaire. Calculated Cronbach's alpha for variables indicated a satisfactory reliability and coordination of questions. All hypotheses were tested by Pearson ýcorrelation. Results indicated that there was a positive and significant correlation between awareness of ýacademic culture and components of social capital such as social network, social trust, organizational ýtrust, and cooperation. Furthermore, there was a positive and significant correlation between cultural capital (e.g. psychic tendency, consumption of cultural goods, and ýacademic degrees and student's awareness of ýacademic culture. The results of the regression analysis, also suggests that variables such as social network, ýsocial trust, cooperation, and consumption of cultural goods have explained 34.2% of variance for ýawareness of academic culture.ý

This study investigated the relationship between job characteristics and job adjustment of new graduates in the labor market. The sample of study consisted of 94 graduates of public universities in the city of Kermanshah. Data were collected through standard questionnaires and analyzed by using Structural Equation Modeling and confirmatory factor analysis. Results indicated that job characteristics had direct effects on job adjustment and satisfaction. Job satisfaction as a mediator was effective on job adjustment. According to research findings in job adjustment, the three variables of job identity, autonomy and feedback were confirmed. In student's curriculum, no programs is considered for their future occupation and universities had not provided clear mechanism that they can use their technical knowledge after graduation. This finding has a serious warning to the universities. This makes the practical use of university education ineffective and disappointed. Therefore, it is recommended to the higher education planners to add teaching real skills to student's curriculum and teach graduates compatibility with the world outside the university.