فهرست مطالب
Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Volume:29 Issue: 3, May 2017
- تاریخ انتشار: 1396/02/23
- تعداد عناوین: 10
-
-
Pages 121-125IntroductionMenieres disease (MD) is a disease of the inner ear that presents itself with repeated episodes of vertigo (96.2%), tinnitus (91.1%), and sensorineural hearing loss (87.7 %). In this article we sought to assess the effects of intratympanic (IT) injections of dexamethasone on definite cases of MD using electrocochleography (ECOG).Materials And MethodsIn this hospital-based case series in 36 patients, we measured audiometric values and ECOG in all patients before, 1 month and 6 months after 4-mg/mL IT injections of dexamethasone.ResultsFour patients (11%) had improved hearing following the intervention. No difference in pure tone audiometry (PTA) was observed following IT injections (P=0.492), while speech discrimination score (SDS) was significantly improved (P=0.008). There was a significant improvement in vertigo 1 month after IT injections (PConclusionIT dexamethasone injections can improve vertigo in definite cases of MD, although it seems that the effect is only temporary.Keywords: Dexamethasone, EcochG, Meniere's disease
-
Pages 127-132IntroductionHepatitis B virus is a virus that creates significant hepatic and extra-hepatic complications, with widespread prevalence across the community and body systemic involvement, and can impact on hearing performance. This study aims to evaluate hearing loss among individuals with hepatitis B compared with healthy subjects.Materials And MethodsIn this case-control study, 83 HBsAg-positive patients with a 1-year history of disease were selected for pure tone audiometry (PTA) testing, while 108 HBsAg-negative patients were selected as the control group. Subjects in both groups were aged 2040 years. The threshold was set at 25 db for hearing loss. Final data were analyzed using SPSS software.ResultsSignificant differences were found between the case group and control group in average PTA and hearing loss. There was also a significant difference between the two groups in average PTA at frequencies of 250, 4,000, and 8,000 Hz, but not at speech frequencies of 500, 1,000 and 2,000 Hz, despite the difference in average PTA.ConclusionAccording to significant differences in average PTA between patients with hepatitis B virus and healthy subjects in this study, hearing loss may be attributed to the presence HBV of in the patient group.Keywords: Audiometry_Hepatitis B infection_Hearing loss_Healthy volunteers
-
Pages 133-136IntroductionTo assess the rate of cervical lymph node involvement in patients with supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with no lymph node in clinical assessments and radiological studies.Materials And MethodsFifty-six patients who underwent elective dissection of the cervical lymph node of the second through fourth level were enrolled, and pathologic evaluation of the dissected lymph nodes was performed. Lymph node involvement and association between tumor grade, smoking and gender with lymph node involvement were assessed.ResultsThe rate of the occult neck metastasis in this series was 37.5%. There was no statistically significant association between lymph node involvement and tumor grade, smoking, or gender.ConclusionBased on the results of our study, we recommend elective bilateral neck dissection in all stages of N0 supraglottic SCC patients.Keywords: Laryngeal cancer, Lymph nodes, Metastasis, Neck dissection, Squamous Cell Carcinoma
-
Pages 137-145IntroductionCancers are among the worst noncommunicable diseases around the world. Head and neck cancers are ranked as the fifth most common cancers worldwide. As there are different distributions of risk factors around the world, the incidence of these cancers varies from one place to another.Materials And MethodsWe conducted a descriptive analytic cross-sectional study, based on census-based records from the private oncology clinic in Mashhad, Iran. Data from 1,075 patients with head and neck cancers were analyzed from 1986 to 2010. We categorized the duration of study into five periods: 19861990, 19911995, 19962000, 20012005, and 20062010. Head and neck cancers refers to cancers originating from seven sites in the head and neck including the nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, salivary glands, paranasal sinuses, and thyroid.ResultsData of 1,075 patients were analyzed. 66.2% were male. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) age at the time of diagnosis was 55.37±15.55 years. The most frequent type of head and neck cancer was larynx cancer (36%), followed by pharynx (28.5%), oral (17.5%), thyroid (6.8%), sinus (6.4%), salivary gland (4.10%), and nasal cancer (0.70%). although larynx cancer was the most frequent cancer over the whole study duration, there was a significant (P=0.04) difference in the relative frequency of these cancers across the five time periods. There was a significant difference in mean age between cancer categories (PConclusionLaryngeal cancer was the most common head and neck cancer over the whole duration of this study. The differences in the patterns of other head and neck cancers could be due to geographical differences and also different risk factors and lifestyles all over the world. Further investigations in these fields are suggested in future studies.Keywords: Demography, Epidemiology, Head, Neck Neoplasms, Iran
-
Pages 147-154IntroductionAllergic rhinitis and asthma can be related to occupation. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between asthma or allergic rhinitis and employment in the palm tree gardens of Jahrom, Iran.Materials And MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study including 50 palm tree garden workers and a control group of 50 office employees. Data collection included demographics, as well as standard International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) and A New Symptom-Based Questionnaire for Predicting the Presence of Asthma (ASQ) questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS22. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t-test, and logistics regression were used to analyze data.ResultsThe correlation between asthma and occupation was significant ( P=0.046); and asthma prevalence was higher in palm tree garden workers. However, no relationship was observed between age, duration of employment, smoking cigarettes, hookah, or opium addiction with asthma. Furthermore, in this study, no significant relation was observed between the prevalence of asthma and contact with dust, contact with pets skin and hair, family history of asthma, or the use of perfume and air freshener. The symptoms of allergic rhinitis (including sneezing, runny nose, and blocked nose) were significantly greater in palm tree garden workers (P=0.038). These symptoms in both workers and office employees were higher in spring.ConclusionIn our study, allergic rhinitis and asthma were more common in palm tree garden workers than in the general population. According to our study, people working in this occupation should take necessary precautions.Keywords: Allergic rhinitis, Asthma, date garden, Iran, Jahrom
-
Pages 155-159IntroductionForeign-body (FB) aspiration in the airway of children is a life-threatening clinical situation responsible for many deaths each year. The aim of this study was to evaluate the different clinical presentations, methods of diagnosis, types and complications of FB inhalation in the pediatric age group.Materials And MethodsThe study included patients who presented with a definitive or suspicious history of FB aspiration. Detailed data for each patient were recorded concerning the age, sex, nature and site of the FB, presenting symptoms and signs, and radiological findings.ResultsFifty-six patients were enrolled in this study. The age of patients ranged from 6 months to 14 years, with a mean age of 4.5 years. Sixty percent of patients were under 3 years of age. The time interval between aspiration of foreign body and onset of diagnosis ranged from 2 hours to 5 months. Thirty-four (60.7%) patients had normal chest X-ray findings, while opaque FB was seen in eight patients (14.3%). Signs of bronchitis were seen in five patients (9%), while pneumonia and atelectasis were seen in six (10.7%) and three cases (5.3%), respectively.ConclusionFB aspiration is a life-threatening clinical situation, with childrenKeywords: Bronchoscopy, Foreign bodies, Inhalation
-
Pages 161-163IntroductionCitellis abscess is an extratemporal complication of otitis media. It occurs when pus from the mastoid tip trickles down along the posterior belly of the digastric muscle to the occipital and cervical region. It is a very unusual presenting complication of chronic otitis media with no available data in the until now.
Case Report: A 10-year-old female was presented to our outpatient department with a 1 month history of hi-grade fever and headache and pain around the left half of the face. During physical examination a huge swelling present in the left temporal and occipital region was observed. The swelling crossed the midline, was tender to touch, and was fluctuant. During otological examination left sided chronic suppurative otitis media, of the attico-antral type with cholesteatoma, and a profuse foul smelling purulent discharge was observed. After complete investigation, drainage of the patients abscess was performed under general anesthesia. A postaural incision was administered and around 500 ml of pus drained out. Immediately after the operation, the patient showed signs of recovery. After 3 weeks of parenteral antibiotic therapy, the primary focus was debrided by performing left modified radical mastoidectomy.ConclusionCitelli's abscess is a rare complication of otitis media. Urgent radiology, followed by drainage of pus is performed to reduce pain and further progression of the infective process. The primary ear pathology is managed surgically after adequate treatment with intra venous antibiotics.Keywords: Citelli's abscess, Extratemporal complication of otitis media, Mastoidectomy -
Pages 165-169IntroductionPetrositis is a rare but severe complication of acute otitis media and mastoiditis. Despite efficient antibiotic therapy, there are still reports of both intratemporal and intracranial complications of otitis media with the potential risk of high morbidity and mortality. Petrositis has traditionally been treated with surgery, but recent advances in imaging, with improved antibiotic treatment, allow more conservative management.
Case Report: In this case report we describe the clinical course and treatment of a 33-year-old man with petrous apicitis who presented with severe otalgia, retro-orbital pain, and sixth cranial nerve palsy Gradenigo syndrome. Our patient showed a dramatic response to intravenous antibiotics only, without need for any surgical intervention, even myringotomy.ConclusionIt seems that early detection and management of this syndrome before development of other intratemporal or intracranial complications may prevent the need for surgical intervention.Keywords: Acute otitis media, Gradenigo syndrome, Medical therapeutics, Petrositis, Surgical intervention -
Pages 171-174IntroductionCongenital vomer agenesis is an extremely rare condition in which the vomer bone does not fully develop, which can lead to septal perforation.
Case Report: We report two cases with a defect in the vomer bone in the posteroinferior portion of the septum, found accidentally while performing a pre-operative CT scan for nasal obstruction evaluation. They were diagnosed with congenital vomer agenesis.ConclusionThere are afew reports of vomer agenesis in literatures. By increasing usage of sinonasal endoscopic examination,we expect to address more cases in the future.Keywords: Congenital, Endoscopic examination, Nasal septum, Vomer agenesis -
Pages 175-180IntroductionActinomycosis of the larynx has been rarely reported in the literature and usually occurs in patients with a history of laryngeal carcinoma and radiation therapy. However, its co-existence with chondroradionecrosis due to radiotherapy is even rarer. The most common site of infection is the cervicofacial region, especially in the submandibular area.
Case Report: Here we report a 63-year-old male with a history of chemoradiotherapy because of laryngeal cancer 1 year earlier who presented with laryngeal actinomycosis. After prolonged penicillin-based treatment, the patient underwent thyroid cartilage defect reconstructive surgery because of a laryngocutaneous fistula due to chondroradionecrosis. The diagnosis, work-up, and management of the case are discussed, as well as a review of the literature.ConclusionAlthough actinomycotic infection of the larynx is rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of laryngeal complaints, especially in immunocompromised patients.Keywords: Actinomycosis, Fistula, Larynx