مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قم
سال هشتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 33، امرداد و شهریور 1393)

In patients with infertility, to obtain multiple oocytes in a cycle, ovulation-stimulating drugs areused to increase the chance of pregnancy. This study was conducted with the purpose of determining the effect ofovarian induction on the growth of ovarian follicles and corpus luteum in NMRI mice. In this study, 40 6-week-old female mice of NMRI strain were selected and divided into four groups of 10.The control group received normal saline, 7 IU of PMSG was injected to thesecond group, 10 IU to the third group, and 12 IU to the fourth group. Fourty-eight hours later, hCGwas injected with the same dose of PMSG. Twenty-four hours after injection of hCG, the mice were killed by cervical dislocation and their ovaries were removed. Then, after staining and slide preparation, the size of ovaries, number and size of corpus luteum and ovarian follicles was analyzed using statistical tests, such as Kolmogorov–Smirnov, analysis of variance, and, Kruskal-Wallisat the significance level of less than 0.05. In this study,ovulation induction with PMSG and hCG hormonescaused changes insize and number ofovarianfollicles, ovary, and corpus luteum. The results of the presentstudy revealed that ovulation hormones with PMSG and hCG hormones can increasethe number of primary multilayer follicles, but decrease the size of graafian follicles and corpus luteum.

Anthocyanins are an important group of secondary metabolites, which are well-known and notablebecause of having high antioxidant activities, prevention of genetic mutation and cancers and also anti-aging properties. On the other hand, these compounds are also natural and widely used pigments in food and drug industries. The purpose of this research was to determine anthocyanin content, and cytotoxic activity in fruit peel of Solanum melongena cultivated in Kashan, and to compare the effect of extraction solvent. In this study, anthocyanin content of fruit peel of Solanum melongena with the common name of "egg plant" was determined using UV-Vis absorption method. To select the best extraction solvent, water, methanol, and ethanol were used to extract these valuable compounds. Also, the obtained extracts were investigated using brine shrimp lethality assay to determine cytotoxic activity and primary screening for the existence of anticancer effects. The amount of extracted anthocyanins using water, methanol, and ethanol solvents, were 412, 354, and 293mg per100g extract, and cytotoxic activity (LC50) in these solvents were, respectively, 750, 525, and 1000µg/mL. In the present study, proving the existence of large amount of these compounds and theirvaluable properties, such as cytotoxic activity in different extracts of eggplant peel, which are discarded as garbage, shows the necessity of more attention to this type of valuable natural resources. Also, introducing “water” as the best solvent for extracting anthocyanins from eggplant peel, considering its low cost, non toxicity, and eco-friendliness, is one of the most important results of this research.

Diabetes mellitus type 2 is an endocrine disease. Recently, it has been found that the risk of depression is nearly two fold in diabetic patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychoeducational interventions on the levels of depression and blood sugar in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Of 180 diabetic patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran, 60 patients were selected for clinical trial study, and assigned to three groups, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychoeducational therapy, and control. The levels of depression and blood sugar were respectively, assessed using Beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II) test and HbA1C measurement. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests.

The post-test levels of depression and HbA1C were significantly different among cognitive behavioral therapy, psychoeducational therapy, and control groups (p=0.0001). The Tukey’s test revealed a statistically significant difference in post-test depression between cognitive-behavioral therapy and psycho-educational therapy groups (p=0.0001), and also between cognitive-behavioral therapy and control groups (p=0.0001). There was no significant difference in post-test HbA1C between cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychoeducational therapy groups; however, there were significant differences between the control group and each of the cognitive-behavioral therapy and psycho-educational therapy groups (p=0.0001).

The result of the present study showed that the cognitive-behavioral therapy was successful in the treatment of depression in patients with diabetes type 2.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections in human, and Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains are the most common cause of UTI. These strains colonize in bladder and cause cystitis, which could cause pyelonephritis by movement to the kidneys. Since FimH protein has a very important role in colonization of UPEC strains and causing infection, this study was conducted with the purpose of designing FimH protein as a candidate immunogen against urinary infection. In the present research, fimH adhesin was selected as a candidate immunogen. Genomic DNA was extracted from E. coli 35218 and fimH gene was amplified by PCR. The PCR product was cloned into pBluescript SK vector and confirmed by sequencing. Then, fimH lectin domain was amplified and inserted into pET23a expression vector. The obtained pET/fimH clone was verified by sequencing and transferred into E. coli origami (DE3) strain. Expression of recombinant FimH protein in E. coli was verified by SDS-PAGE and western blot methods. According to the results of this study, the produced protein could be investigated for evaluation of immunogenicity in animal models.

One important topic in work physiology is considering maximum aerobic power) VO2max(, which is one of the most important decision-making factors in individual fitness and in prevention of premature aging, and can play a significant role in selecting appropriate workforce. This study was done with the objective of investigating the effect of gender, ethnicity, anthropometric dimensions, physical activity, and smoking on VO2max level in students of Hamadan University of medical sciences. In this descriptive-applied study, 160 students were randomly selected, and after collecting demographic information using written questionnaires, their anthropometric characteristics were measured by a stadiometer. Then, VO2max of the subjects was measured using treadmill and Strand graph. The data were analyzed by nonparametric statistical tests of Mann-Whitney and Pearson’s correlation coefficients. In this research, 41.9% of subjects of the sample were male and 58.1% were female. Also, there was a significant correlation between VO2max and the variables of gender and height (p<0.001), weight (p=0.04), and chest dimension (p<0.001), but sports activities (p=0.059), smoking (p=0.06), and ethnicity had no significant effect on them (p=0.9). The results of this study showed that variables, such as gender, height, weight and chest dimensions can affect VO2max.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is a chronic immune-mediated intestinal condition, which are divided into two main types of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). This study was carried out with the aim of determining the epidemiological profile of IBD in Qom province, from 2007 to 2011. This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 236 patients who were referred with the diagnosis IBD (UC & CD) to gastrointestinal clinics of Qom province from the beginning of 2007 to the end of 2011. The patient's information was collected through face-to-face interview or contacting them. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistical methods, central statistical indices, independent t-, chi-square, exact Fisher, and Mann-Whitney tests at the significance level of less than 0.05. The mean age for UC was 35.39 years and for CD was 33.03 years. The male to female ratio was 1:1 for UC and 1.28 for CD. The percentage of non-smoker patients in CD and UC was 87.3% and 87.5%, respectively. In patients with UC, the most common complaint was rectal bleeding (64.2%), and in CD patients was abdominal pain (65.6%). In UC patients, the most common involvement of proctitis was 47%, and in CD patients, the most common involvement of terminal Ileum was reported 47%. The mean lag time between the onset of symptoms and definite diagnosis was 13.8 and 20.56 months for UC and CD patients, respectively. In terms of positive family history of IBD, in UC patients, 2.14% were first-degree relatives and 2% second degree relatives, and patients with CD, 3.1% were first-degree relatives and 6.2% second-degree relative. This study showed a clearer picture of IBD in Qom province, but broader studies are necessary to determine the exact epidemiological status.

Venous sinus thrombosis is a rare cerebrovascular disorder with different geographical and age distribution. The prevalence of this disease is 5 persons per million per year, and has various risk factors. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of cerebral venous thrombosis and its associated symptoms in Sanandaj. In this descriptive study, all patients with suspected cerebral venous thrombosis who had been hospitalized at Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj (referral hospital of the province) during the years 2010-2011, were investigated. After data collection from the patients’ medical records, they were analyzed using descriptive statistics. In this study, 24 (80%) out of 30 patients were female, and the mean age was calculated 36.2±13.7 years. Twenty-six subjects (86.7%) had headache. The most common clinical finding was reported to be the left hemiparesis in 10 cases (33.3%), followed by papilledema in 9 (30%). Involvement of upper sagittal sinus was observed in 25 subjects (83.3%) and right transverse sinus in 9 subjects (30%), respectively. The most commonly involved site was right brain hemisphere, and one patient (3%) was died. The results of this study showed that the high prevalence of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in women compared to men can be a sign of association of this disease with risk factors, such as OCP, pregnancy, and puerperium. Also, involvement of the right brain hemisphere was more common, for which no explanation was found and further studies are needed.

Today, drug abuse is one of the major health problems that put many population groups, such as mothers and their newborns, at serious risk. This study aimed to determine the association between drug abuse and duration of exclusive breastfeeding in the mothers of Sabzevar city. In this study that was performed as a cohort study, 81 pregnant women were assigned to two groups of drug abuse (n=41) and non-drug-abuse (n=40), which eventually 6 crystal- and crack-addicted mothers were excluded due to breastfeeding ban. A purposive non-probability sampling was done and the duration of exclusive breastfeeding was studied at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. Data collection was done using questionnaire, and data analysis was done using indices of mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics chi-square at the significance level of p<0.05. Confidence coefficient was considered to be 95%. In this study, the type of drug used by 53.7% of mothers was opium, 22% opium sap, 4.9% opium and opium sap, 4.9% methadone, 9.7% crystal, and 4.8% crack. Also, 31.4% of drug abusing mothers had exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months. While, in the non-drug-abuse group, 85% of mothers had exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months. Also, the exclusive breastfeeding status at 2, 4, and 6 months of age was significantly statistically different between the two groups (p<0.001). According to the results of this study, drug abuse by mother during pregnancy and lactation can reduce the duration of exclusive breastfeeding, therefore, preventive educational programs during pregnancy should focus on reduction and elimination of use of such drugs.

Presence of class I integron in multidrug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates has created great concern in clinic. Given that various drug resistance genes are carried on integrons and can rapidly spread, identification of the integron-containing isolates provide useful information about the extent and development of drug resistance pattern. This study was performed aiming at evaluating the frequency of class I integron among MDR P. aeroginosa isolates collected from selected hospitals in Qazvin and Tehran. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 100 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected using standard laboratory methods from selected hospitals in Qazvin and Tehran from June 2011 to June 2012. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of all isolates against selected antibiotics was determined using standard disk agar diffusion method. Then, PCR assay was performed for detection of the presence of class I integron, and Chi-square test was used to determine the association between the presence of integron and MDR patterns. The significance level was considered to be less than 0.05. In total, 62 isolates showed MDR pattern, of which 36 isolates (58%) had class I integron, and a significant association was observed between the presence of class I integron and MDR pattern and also resistance to beta-lactam drugs, quinolones, and most aminoglycosides. Considering the high prevalence of class I integron among P. aeruginosa isolates and its association with different MDR patterns, use of appropriate infection control and treatment strategies in studied hospitals are necessary to prevent further spread of these organisms.

An Efficient health care systemrequires active participation and appropriate interaction between recipients and providers of health services. Patients’ bill of rights with the aim of explanation of rights of the recipients of health services and promotion of the observance of ethical criteria in one of the most important areas، which is treatment sector، has been codified and implemented with the participation of experts and beneficiaries. This study aimed to determine the importance of itsissuesfrom the viewpoint of health care recipients. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 390 patients referred to education and treatment centers of Qom University of Medical Sciences. The data gathering tool was a researcher made questionnaire based on the patients’ bill of rights. The collected data were analyzed using statistics، nonparametric statistical tests، Pearson correlation coefficient، Kruskal-Wallis، and Mann-Whitney at the significance level of 0. 05. Overall، the importance of the issues of patients’ bill of rightswas at high level in 33. 8% of cases، medium levelin 48. 2%، and low level in 17. 9% percent. From the viewpoint of health care recipients، the most important issues of patients'' bill of rights، included respecting the principle of confidentialityand right of privacy، whichwith 48. 7% was at high level، with 37. 7% at medium level، and 13. 6% at low level. In general، respecting patient''s bill of rights is of great importance from the patients'' point of view in education and treatment centers of Qom University of Medical Sciences and respecting the principle of confidentiality and right of privacy are of the most importance for patients. Therefore، using the findings of this research، officials canproperly prioritize and plan for observance of all issues of patients'' bill of rights، especially respecting the patients’ territory and rightsin all fields، particularly nursing services، management، education، and research.

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease, which has diverse and confusing clinical manifestations. The involvement of genitalia and urinary tract is among these manifestations. Brucella orchitis is one of the relatively common complications of the disease, which its identification can help physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.Case Report: In this article, we present a patient with Brucella orchitis who had referred with complaints of acute weakness and lethargy, fever and chills, and pain and swelling of testicles.