مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قم
سال سیزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 87، تیر 1398)

Alphapinene as one of the most important Components of essential oils, which has antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase activities. Oxidative stress directly affects the function of the brain and causes memory impairment. In this research, the effect of alphapinene on passive avoidance memory and oxidative stress, was investigated in comparison with donepezil.
 
In this study, 50 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: control, sham (received alphapinene solvent), groups received 2 and 4mg/kg alphapinene, and group that received donepezil. The drugs were administered intraperitoneally for two weeks. At the end of the treatment, passive avoidance memory in animals, was assessed using the shuttle box test, level of malondialdehyde, total thiol concentration in blood, and hippocampal tissue as oxidative stress indices. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests, were used to determine the difference between the groups.
 
Memory significantly increased in the group receiving donepezil (p<0.01), and in the groups that received alphapinene (doses, 2 and 4mg/kg), memory significantly increased compared to the control group (p<0.001). A significant increase was observed in the dose of 4mg/kg alphapinene compared to the donepezil group (p<0.001). The concentration of malondialdehyde in the hippocampus tissue significantly decreased in the group received the dose of 4mg/kg compared to the control group. Moreover, the total amount of hippocampal thiol showed a significant increase in the group receiving alphapinene (dose, 4mg/kg) compared to the control group (p<0.05).
 
The results of this study showed that alphapinene at dose of 4mg/kg had the highest effect on memory improvement even compared to the donepezil group and also decreased the oxidative stress indices due to its antioxidant property.

Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor, which mostly occurs in adults and is associated with high mortality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of food quality indices and glioma in Iranian adults.
 
This case-control study was performed on 128 patients with glioma and 256 healthy individuals (matched for age and gender) in hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, between 2009 and 2011. Dietary assessment was performed using a validated block-format 123-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary Indices (DDS, AHEI-2010) were developed based on standard methods. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, Chi-Square and ANOVA.
 
In this study, after controlling for potential confounders, a significant inverse association was found between DDS and risk of glioma (OR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17-0.89). This finding was also seen when further adjustment was made for BMI; so that participants in the highest quartile of DDS, were 59% less likely to have glioma compared to those in the lowest quartile (OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.18 - 0.93). In addition, a significant inverse association was found between adherence to AHEI and glioma; such that in the fully adjusted model, the participants in the fourth quartile of AHEI had 62% lower risk of glioma compared to those in the the first quartile (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.17-0.84).
 
The results of this study showed that following a high-diversity healthy diet is associated with reduction in the risk of glioma.

Influenza is an acute viral respiratory disease. Given the importance of influenza preventive behaviors, the present study aimed at determining the effect of education based on preventive behaviors of Influenza A among the students in Qom city.
 
This interventional study was conducted on 200 tenth-grade male students in Qom city. The samples were assigned to two groups of intervention and control (each 100 subjects). The related questionnaires were completed by both intervention and control groups before and three months after the intervention. Training intervention consisted of two 90-minute sessions, which was performed for the intervention group. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, paired t-test, and covariance analysis.
 
In this study, no significant difference was observed between intervention and control groups before the training intervention in terms of demographic variables as well as the components of the protection motivation theory (p>0.05). After the training intervention, a significant difference was observed in the mean scores of perceived severity, self-efficacy, reward, protection motivation, and behavior in the intervention group, as compared to the control group (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the mean scores of perceived sensitivity, perceived efficacy of response, response cost, and fear (p>0.05).
 
The protection motivation theory can be effective in inducing influenza preventive behaviors. Thus, given the limited studies in this field, it seems necessary to conduct further studies in this area.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is identified by inflammation and damage to colonic mucosal cells and leads to ulceration and bleeding. This study aims to investigate the relation of demographic and clinical variables with the severity of the disease in patients with UC relapse.
 
This cross sectional study was conducted on 65 patients with UC relapse referred to Shahid Beheshti hospital during 2017-2018. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected using a checklist. Data were analyzed by statistical tests of ANOVA and Chi-square.
 
In this study, among 65 participants, 35 were male and 30 were female. The mean age of the patient was 36±14 years, of whom, 40% had mild and 60% moderate and severe relapse of the disease. From all studied variables, young age (p=0.050), higher body temperature (p=0.019), higher pulse rate, lower level of hemoglobin, and higher levels of ESR and WBC (all with p<0.001), had a direct relationship with the severity of the disease.
 
Patients with younger age and more severe inflammatory state experience a more severe relapse periods. Therefore, future studies can focus on reducing the severity and frequency of the relapse episodes.

Klebsiella pneumonia is a facultative anaerobe bacterium from enterobacteriaceae family, which causes a wide range of diseases, such as urinary tract infections, cystitis, pneumonia, surgical wounds infections, infectious endocarditis, and diffused infections, especially in patients with HIV infection and immunosuppression. The aim of this study was to identify carbapenem resistance genes in K. pneumonia strains isolated from hospitalized patients in Qom city. In this cross-sectional study, using phenotypic methods, such as DDST and Modified Hodge Test, 79 carbapenem resistant isolates were identified and presence of resistance related genes, including IMP, VIM, NDM, OXA-48 and KPC, was investigated by molecular methods, such as PCR. Relation between the results of phenotypic and PCR methods, was determined using Chi squared test. In this study, 69 isolates had IMP, VIM, NDM, OXA-48, and KPC genes, which the highest carbapenem resistant isolates were urinary strains and the lowest resistant was from cerebrospinal fluid samples. The most frequent isolated gene was VIM with 66.66% frequency, and KPC and NDM genes had lowest frequency with of 7.24%. One isolate contained all studied genes. Considering drug-resistant infections cause failure of treatment, especially higher mortality rate in patients in the intensive care unit, thus, the need for a codified program for screening and reporting ESBL strains is necessary for the assessment and monitoring the treatment, as well as determining an effective guidelines for treatment of resistant infections.

Fear and anxiety of dental treatment decrease cooperation of child during the treatment. Parenting style is one of the factors influencing child's behavioral reaction to dental treatment. In this study, the effect of parenting style of parents was investigated on the levels fear and cooperation in 4-8 year children. The present research was randomly performed as a cross-sectional study on 150 children referred to dental centers of Qom city. Parenting style was assessed by Baumrind questionnaire and children's fear level was analyzed using Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale questionnaire and children's cooperation was assessed using Frankl's Behavior Rating Scale. The relationship between parent’s parenting style and children's fear and cooperation, was analyzed by correlation test and regression if necessary. In this study, there was no significant correlation between permissive, authoritarian, and authoritative parenting styles with children's fear scores. But, based on post hoc Tukey test, the authoritative style of children in the negative group showed a significant difference in the Frankl's test, which was higher than other groups (p=0.001). According to the results of this research, children with authoritative parents showed less cooperation with dental treatment, but the children’s fear was not related to the parents’ parenting styles

Patients' satisfaction is one of the important indicators for measuring healthcare quality in hospitals. The present study was performed aiming at determining the level of patients' satisfaction in hospitals of Iran. This study was conducted using systematic review and meta-analysis methods. All published articles on assessment of patients' satisfaction in hospitals of Iran in seven databases were searched, collected, and qualitatively evaluated by November 2018. Finally, 52 articles were were analyzed by statistical tests Cochran, Egger, and Forest plot using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. In this study, overall rate of patients' satisfaction (year 2018), was obtained to be 14.1% (95% CI: 11.6%-17.2%). The highest level of patients' satisfaction, was recorded in educational hospitals of Tehran in 2009, was 65.1% (95% Cl: 56.2%-73.1%) and the lowest patients' satisfaction, was found in educational hospitals of Ahvaz (year 2015), 0.2% (95% Cl: 0%-6.2%). A significant statistical correlation was observed between year of assessment, sample size, and patients' satisfaction (p<0.05). The results of this study indicated that the rate of patients' satisfaction in hospitals was below the average; thus, Health policy makers and managers should take serious measures to increase patients' satisfaction in hospitals.

Coronary artery diseases (CAD) are the most common cause of death in Iran and worldwide. Myocardial infarction (MI) is a complex multifactorial and the most severe type of CAD. Early onset MI in first degree relatives could be considered as an independent risk factor for CAD. This study was performed to investigate the genetic cause of early onset familial CAD. The patient was a 49-year-old female, who had an acute MI at the age of 45. Evaluation of family history indicated that her father, older brother, aunts, and male cousin were also diagnosed to have MI, and had not any diagnostic criteria for familial hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, obesity, and also they did not use alcohol and tobacco. The c.6241C>T (p.Arg2081Trp) mutation was identified in ABCA1 gene in heterozygous state (CT) in proband using Whole Exome Sequencing. Mutation was confirmed by PCR and Sanger sequencing. This mutation in heterozygous state was found in all patients and not in others. This findings show that ABCA1 gene could be a possible cause of early onset familial CAD.