فصلنامه میقات حج
پیاپی 99 (بهار 1396)

A deep and immersive attitude towards the verses and traditions clearly demonstrates the fact that Hajj has two dimensions of inner and outer reality, and what people seem to do on the outside is a great distance with the Hajj’s reality and God seeks out the truth of Hajj, and wants a Hajj from his pilgrims in which their spirits will be transformed and in action and spirit, fight with devils, and do not approach anything other than God. In this discussion, we explain the secrets of the Hajj, so that the pilgrims of the house of God can, we will address parts of these secrets, so that pilgrims of God’s house follow this spiritual path with pride. Therefore, the mysteries and philosophies of the pilgrimage of the Hajj, and then the mysteries of the ritual practices of Umrah and obligatory Hajj are expressed from the perspective of the Quran and the traditions. ‡›™‘”†•

Present article examines the factors that affect the pilgrim's in terms of education and ethics. There are up to five factors. The first is the belief and faith in the one being pilgrimed as a prophet or as an Imam. The second one is the pilgrim's love and passion for the Imam or prophet, and in fact, pilgrimage does not make sense without having true passion. The third factor is the personality and the position of the one being pilgrimed. The fourth factor is the pilgrim's enjoyment of previous preparation through avoidance of sins and seeking forgiveness for their past sins. The fifth factor is also the feeling of being in the presence of the one being pilgrimed, which is strengthened through techniques such as seeking entry permission. ‡›™‘”†•

The pilgrimage of the graves of religious leaders and its virtues of it in the jurisprudences of Shiism and Sunnism is one of the issues that some seek to deny, and this is because there is no serious research on this matter and it is time to explore it.
the understanding and Sirah of the intellectuals towards the pilgrimage of tombs of the religious elders and celebrating them is one of the reasons that proves the virtues of pilgrimages to the graves of religious elders. In addition, the distinguishing feature of the pilgrimage to the holy graves of Ahlulbayt (a.s) members is fixed on the basis of the reasons for the rituals and the expression of friendship to kinsfolk, and is not only specific to the Ja’fari jurisprudence. Present research has been conducted with the aim of recognizing the words and the limits of the proof for the virtues of visiting the graves of religious elders and in the context of describing and analyzing the jurisprudential propositions from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudences, by collecting library data, and its result is the proof as to the virtues of visiting the graves of religious elders, especially for the Ahl al-Bayt (a.s), in the eyes of the two Islamic jurisprudences, Shiism and Sunnism.

Madinah was place to Sadat by the end of the second century and, officially, from the fourth century, who were known as "Shurafa". This group of Sadat often had Shiite tendencies, but because of the Abbasid's domination, they sometimes turned to Taqiyyah, and sometimes chose Sunni religion, but because of family affiliations, they had Shiite tendencies. In the era of the Fatimid rule, they clearly had a Shiite religion. With the fall of the Fatimids and the rise of Ayyubid dynasty and then Mamaalik, pressure increased on the aristocrats. At this time, the city had two groups called "Muqim" and "Mujawir"; Mujawiris had come from outside and were often Sunnis, but Muqims were Shiite and supported the aristocrats and noble class. The controversy continued between the two groups. In the first half of the th century A.H., there was the same dispute that the book, "Nasihah al-Mushawir Wa Taziyah al-Mujawir", is a complete representation of the conflict between the aforementioned groups. ‡›™‘”†•

From the beginning of the Prophet’s Da’wah, and through his encouragements, Muslims paid special attention to writing and the Shiites, in light of the emphasis of the Prophet and Ahlulbayt (a.s), turned to writing in various Islamic areas that paved the way for the formation of Shiite written legacy, and part of this legacy is about Hajj and places of pilgrimage in the land of revelation. Considering the importance of Hajj and Umrah, this paper examines the works of the companions of the Imams: about Hajj, Umrah, and holy places of Hejaz with a historical approach and library method, and reaches the conclusion that the companions of the Imams took notice of the important issues of jurisprudence as well as Hajj and they have written works in this field and since they narrated them directly from the Ahlulbayt (a.s), in fact these works belong to them; in other words, there are narrations about Hajj and Umrah that have been related by narrators, from the Ahlulbayt (a.s). ‡›™‘”†•

In Shiite narrative books, numerous debates have been reported between the Prophet (pbuh) and the infallible Imams and their adversaries, among them is the debate between Imam Saadiq and the Egyptian zindiq, Abdul Malik, known as Abu Abdullah. Imam Saadiq had some part of this debate during Tawaaf and part of it after Tawaaf. In this debate, Imam Saadiq has used all three modes of Da’wah (Hikmah (wisdom), good poaching and best argument), which God Almighty has commanded the Prophet to it in the ӓӔӗth verse of Surah Nahl. Imam begins the debate with the zindiq, with the method of best argument, by asking about his name and his nickname, and thus he surprises him and puts him in a severe dilemma; in a way that he will not find any option other than remain silent before the Prophet. The word “argument” in the "science of logic" is when one exploits the obvious things against your opponent, to oblige and silence the opposite party. One of the clear and known things for the public is that for example anyone has chosen the name Abdullah or Abdul Malik for himself, based on the customs of society and that name describes that individual; unless he has chosen that name to deceive the public. This paper examines and analyzes the first stage of the debate, namely, the best argument between Imam Saadiq and the Egyptian zindiq, and has explained it through the principle of words referring meanings and attention to mentalrules.

Hajj is a splendid manifestation of unity and gathering of Muslims which has many spiritual and worldly effects. Hajj is the manifestation of total servitude before a unique being, and a sign of brotherhood among Muslims. In present article, we intend to refer to the statements of the Holy Quran and the infallible Imams to address the economic effects of Hajj. In the first part, we will point out the financial annunciations for performing Hajj and Umrah and its effects on the personal life of the pilgrim. Then, the relationship between the affordability condition and the rites of Hajj with individual’s type of economic life is reviewed, and ultimately, we will consider creating a common market with regard to the occasional and transactional objectives of the Hajj.