پژوهش نامه انتقادی متون و برنامه های علوم انسانی
پیاپی 42 (آذر و دی 1395)

Literary criticism and it's necessery language doesnt have enough precedence in Persian literary history, becouase the popular language in premodern discourse was the "praise/ dispraise language". The writers and poets in this era usually used praise language and sometimes used dispraise language. But when parliamentary stablished in modern discourse, this language replaced by criticism language gradually and criticism language changed to usual language in modern discourse. The reason of this change must be researched in change of discourse and it's presupposithon. The praise/ dispraise language can be a usual language in a unequality structure, but criticism language is the result of a modern discourse that it's presupposithon is equality and just in this discourse the literary criticism and it's language can be and raise.

Adonis, the book (Tradition and Modernity), recognition, explanation and analysis of the dialectic of tradition and modernity Arabic - Islamic and in religious, political, intellectual, and literary (especially poetry) following the advent of Islam to the present. He, therefore, methodical, principles of tradition in Three Realms Caliphate and politics, tradition and jurisprudence and poetry literature, and then the principles of innovation through intellectual and literary the revolutionary movements explain and their representative introduced. In this paper, at the beginning to introduce of the work and the author, to the origin and position its among other works related. Then, in enumerating the major issues, focus, and philosophical foundations and methodology of this book, refer to the achievements of the theory has been proposed. Finally, consideration will be critical to the content and structure of the book.

Sepehri’s poetry is potentially much suitable for philosophical and theosophical criticism. Soroosh Dabaghi, loving theosophy and philosophy on the one hand and praising Sepehri’s view and language, attempts in his book to study Sepehri’s thought about some key words. In the Heaven of Sepehri, a collection of articles, speeches, and interviews was published in 2014 by Farhanghe Mo’aser. In 2015 he published The Philosophy of Lajevardi on the same subject. In this collection he addresses such issues as meaning of wind and rain in Sepehri’s poems, contemplation on the meaning of sorrow, death, glorified act, land of nothingness, and introducing modern theosophy and its differences with that of classic and Sepehri’s connection to this kind of theosophy. In this article, besides having critical analysis on the form and structure of the book, we attempt to criticize its methodology and author’s success in explaining it. Due to the closeness of articles approach with his expertise, he is successful in opening up new horizon in Sepehri’s study. However, many of the subjects introduced by the author remains explained while it suffers from ambiguities.

Armaghan-e sobh morning presentʼ is one of the useful academic selections of our in poetry. The author has attempted to present some samples from Khaghani Sharvaniʼs works, including Qasideh ʻodesʼ and other poetic forms in a well-organized order and scholarly precision accompanied by the explanations and delicacies to the students of Persian language and literature and other individuals interested in this area.
The authorʼs effort, particularly in explaining the verses in estimated successful and without numerous errors, but the historical discussions and the personal character of khaghani sharvani, due to other scholarʼs viewpoints, is still erroneous.
The current study attempts to refer to various types of these errors which if they are accepted by the author can be a great of help in editing some of the current incorrect issues under investigation in this work.

In the linguistic framework, the silence was studied in the book of The Discursive Function of Silence in Contemporary Persian Fiction (Naghsh-e Jahan publication, 2014) by Leila Sadeghi. In this book, viewpoints and approaches of Dennis Kurzon, Thomas Bruneau, Thomas Huckin, Jacques Derrida, Susan Sontag, Michal Efratt and others were mentioned and they are examined at the different corpus of contemporary Persian fiction. In this article, some of the flaws of the book were analyzed from the perspective of form and content. The most important flaws are the method of usage of basic sources and applying them in the analysis of stories in the book.

Criticism of science and essential and practical lessons and literary disciplines. About the science and the principles and theories and different schools in recent decades is suitable books written or translated by. One of the books in 1390, entitled "Principles and classification of literary criticism" by the efforts doctor Mahmoud Fazilat that was first published in publications pilgrims. This article introduces the book to review procedural and substantive books and shows that, unlike in the present book as a good example of that is probably true, research ethics in writing and composing and editing are not met, and the author in reference to a resources and quotation, in most cases does not respect the integrity and commitment does not fit, so book now to get to a textbook or a model of literary criticism is appropriate that the textbook is a long way off, and in need of fundamental revision and rewriting is.

During the last decades, many books and articles are written about theoretical arguments of story and fiction. Each of them played a role to promot the thearitical and practical perspectives of novelists or readers of story works. The book of “opening of novel” written by Hossein Payande belongs to these works. This book in the light of the structuralist approach and relatively common as well in analysis review of contemporary novels. This method is based on analytical reading of opening scene and explains its structural relationship with totality of novel. Based on this research method, the author analyzed and reviewed ten famous Persian novels (from blind owl to samples of post modernist novels) with one short story and one movie. In addition to advantages of this book such as paving away outlook and method. this article pays attention to some defects in terms of structural aspects and content aspects. Alt mately the present book can be from relatively and instructive works about review and analysis of today stories.

Nativisim in Persian Prose Literature 1921-1941, coauthored by Dr. Mustafa Gorji and FarzanehVa’ezade, explores and represents instances of nativist elements found in journals, dramas, logbooks and prose fiction published from 1921 to 1941, tracing nativist trends during these years. The nativist elements are classified into national and religious categorizes and examples of each type are studied accordingly. Although its style is simple and plain, with little grammatical mistakes, and remarkable for its detailed analysis, and although it is the first book on nativist literature written on this period, it failed to do justice to theoretical concepts and identity formation in history. The major fault of the book lie in the fact that most of the authors of the first Pahlavi era wrote their works, which wereexamined in this book, with the purpose of criticizing some of the unfavorable native and cultural aspects, which in most cases theyproved to beundefendable and thus requires correction. These works are marked with critical views on native culture in a way that ignoring them and attempting to prove their nativist nature is essentially an apparent paradox, obviously undermining the central claim of the book in the first place. Moreover, the book suffers from mistakes in the reference sectionwhich can be corrected in the next revision.

This article is a critical examination of "Poetic Treatises of Muslim Philosophers", by seyyed Mehdi Zarghani and Mohammad Hassan Hassanzade. In this article we attempt to show that the translation of poetic treatises of muslim philosophers is not reliable at all, because it is based on non-accurate manuscripts, and translators are not familiar with the findings of other scholars. Also, some of the important parts of the original texts is misunderstood, which makes the translation more unreliable. Moreover, since translators referred to Butiqaye classic as a source for some explanations on texts, it is necessary to examine this book briefly. So, in the first part of the article we examine Butiqaye classic, and in the second part we examine the translation and its shortcomings.

College students have substantial problem in re-reading of classical texts also in discovering of literary and intellectual schools, that is, bibliography, changing in student’s traditional thinking on research in literature and recognizing of basic problems. So, it is necessary to review, because our texts on it either highlight a restricted section or don’t have a strategy. So, our inquiry analyzing based on Mansūr Thirvat’s bibliography & research method some offers; Conclusions classify the problems in turn: first, theoretical methodology basically on bibliography and literary history, to be late on methodology and priority on bibliography, the lack of structure in literary researches; second, extremity and its function, the lack of update texts, research method and its challenge; third, form, language and meaning that have errors.

One of the serious and crucial researches in the field of contemporary literature and philosophical currents by attitude of Continental Philosophy namely Existentialism, Hermuonitic, Structural in opposite analytical Philosophy and linguistic Philosophy is "Existentialism and Iran Contemporary Literature" book. This book was written by Iisa Amankhani in the Scientific (ELMI) publication (2013). Writer was going to study and analysis contemporary literature especially Persian poetry of course pay attention to principle of existential thinkers. It is vital to say this point that present book was compiled in the scientific articles and dissertation and it has abundant merits and serious problems. So, writer attempts analysis this book in the two fields, namely methodological critics and theme critics.
The most important points is consist of orthographic repeated mistakes, lack of scientific and exact edition, lack of consistency between inner recourses and end recourses, lack of mention recourses in the book end, lack of steady in the referring, lack of clearness of concepts, lack of conformity of reasoning with conclusion.

Essays on Narrative Theory and Narratology (Horry, 2013) contains seven translated and three compiled essays and it is translated and written in order to present the most important aspects of general theory of narrative, in a coherent and purposeful manner, to present appropriate narrative analysis from Persian texts for those Persians who are interested in narratology. In this essay I evaluate various aspects of the book, and relying on sufficient evidences like: quality of equivalents and translations, grammatical matters, formal aspects, citations, and quality of compiled essays, I show that this book has many faults and errors. And if it is revised in terms of form and content, and enriched with extra useful translated and compiled essays, it could meet some needs of general audience of narratology or be introduced as a textbook.