نشریه پژوهش های مکانی فضایی
پیاپی 2 (بهار 1396)

Islamic Republic of Iran with an ancient and stable culture consisting of various tribes and clans , Climate variability and enjoyment of historic, cultural and natural attractions has the potential of tourism development. In the meantime, the central district of Boyerahmad county in the Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad state, benefits from special privileges and attractions in order to attract tourists in national and even international scales which in fact it can be beneficial to the economic prosperity of this region. The main objective of this research is to examine the role of the Boyerahmad central district attractions and tourist facilities in attracting tourists. Accordingly, in this research study, the data analysis was conducted using descriptive and analytical methodology through collecting the city tourism information and classify them by SPSS, Excel, chisquare and T1 sample tests. The results indicated that accommodation factors and facilities, external communication network and the attitude of the residence had significant effects on attracting tourists; on the other hand, the results didn’t show any significant relationship between unfamiliarity of the locals with the ways of treating tourists and communication networks within the region. It was also observed that There isn’t any relationship between tourist attraction and handicrafts and easy access to different places but in the contrary natural factors other than the heights are significantly related in attracting tourists to this region.

Karaj with an area of 17.5 square kilometers has 785 hectares of worn-out urban context located in different parts of this city. Problematic context of Karaj has a sort of direct relationship with different social, economic, and cultural issues. Due to such worn-out problems, these contexts have serious problems such as: high population, Fine-grained parts of residential land, lack of efficient network and communication systems in local areas and fine- zones, semi-traditional social and cultural structures, in transition and inadequate structures in applied spaces all along with some kind of shortages, some functions are in conflict with each other. Widespread unemployment and pseudo-jobs, high obligations compared to weak and strong financial means of residents for organizing problems such as economic problems, micro-dengue, abnormality, and endurable constructions are considered to be problems of these worn-out urban contexts. They intensify lack of property rights, the rights of the nobility, economic poverty, low literacy, and … social and cultural problems like robbery, addiction, and crime among families, annoying application and lack of distribution and appropriate applications like schools, health care centers, service unites such as bakery … are some problems that have intensified social and cultural harms. This research study aimed to determine factors which have effect on formation of social problems in urban distressed areas. The methodology of present study is descriptive - analytic according to title, objectives, and hypothesis. Participants of this study were 320 people chosen through Cochran formula and random sampling. Information and data are analyzed using excel, SPSS software in statistical tests of chi square-fi Kramer and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results indicate that there is significant relationship between individual and social characteristics of residents and physical condition of worn-out urban contexts with social damage rate. On the other hand, findings and desired hypothesis implied direct and positive relationship between worn-out urban contexts and social damage rate in urban decay of Karaj. In addition, according to obtained results from this research study, it must be said that economic poverty of residents in urban decay of Karaj is a factor affecting on increasing social harms.

Participating in rural development includes dealing the people in decision making process, implementing plans such as pilot plan, sharing them in profits of plan development, dealing them in plan evaluation efforts. Also through using an active process the applicant groups with the intention of life improvement in terms of income, personal growth, self-reliance or other values would have influence on implementing of developmental plans. The following research study aimed to investigate the rural participatory attitudes in implementing rural pilot plan in Karkheh as a rural district. This research study aimed to follow practical goals consequently it was a sort of descriptive-analytical study. The process of data collection was a kind of case and documentary study based on statistical population size (887families), the interviewed sample according to Cochran formula were 268 families. The results indicate that some participation indexes such as individualism (3/47), responsibility (4/14), prospective (3/36) and following law (3/32) had most meaningful highest level among others; moreover, in implementing pilot plan the related average to rural housing variable (4/06) showed best performance in the proportion of other variables in view of sample population.

A new approach to sustainable development focuses on human beings and in order to achieve this goal, more serious look at the issue of education and human development is required. The present study attempted to analyze the educational development as a factor in regional development in order to identify the achievement levels of settlements due to the educational perspective. This study aimed to prioritize and determine the educational inequality level among the cities of Ilam province through comparison of TOPSIS and VICTOR models and integrating the results following integration techniques (average rating method, Borda and Kaplan). This research study followed descriptive-analytical approach. The SPSS software, Excel and 17 educational indexes were used. Findings showed that the results of integration technique in closely related to the results of VIKOR model which represent a compromise solution to VIKOR characteristics and relative advantages of the VIKOR over TOPSIS. Other findings of this study reflects the imbalance of educational development in Ilam Province. Mahran, Abdanan and Ilam according to the cycle of educational facility distribution are in a relatively disadvantaged position of educational development. In Ilam, as a provincial capital, due to the irregular migration and a long-term process, educational facilities to population ratio has been reduced and residents of the area have been deprived of a proper education.

Rankings and conditions of economic and social services in the geographic areas are not always constant but a function of time and place are economic and social developments. Guttman scalogram model as a suitable tool to analyze the pattern and rate of development in the listed areas Works better than other methods. Hence, this study aimed to investigate and analyze the city ranking of Semnan province with a description and analysis of urban settlements, Guttman Scalogram and OSD factor was used to estimate the level of development. Following this study, Semnan province in terms of ranking was not homogenous in distribution of social and economic services. So that, Semnan in place of comparison ranking took the first and second place and Damghan and Mahdishrdr took next ranking places as well.

These days the ultimate goal of planning is the improvement of the quality of life, so not only studying and measuring the process of planning is very important but also the basic requirements to be considered in the process of sustainable rural development is of utmost importance too. The following study aimed to assess the life quality of families who are living in rural areas in District of the Haram Rode Olya, Malayer township. The methodology of present study is descriptive-analytic and required data was collected by a questionnaire then through a random sampling 285 rural households of 16 villages in District of the Haram Rode Olya were studied. Quality of life index was measured based on seven variables as follow: education, health and safety, quality of the residential environment, rural infrastructure, employment and income, leisure and environmental quality. Data analysis has been done through using SPSS software, average rates of variables, one sample T- test and stepwise regression. The results revealed that the average level of both education and employment-income was lower than average level of others, which indicates the unfavorable condition of these two variables. The Beta standard also revealed that rural infrastructure has the most impact and quality of education has minimal impact on the life quality of rural households.

One of the most important criteria of measuring the degree of a country’s development is to what extent women are important and appreciated there. Scholars believe that development is kind of human-centered and The development of the society depends on the efficient use of their human resource capacities. The improvement of human life and realization of social justice are both the mean and the goal of comprehensive development. For the progress and prosperity of a society, all the resources and capacities and even all the potentials of a society must be realized. Sustainable development is the integration of economic, social and environmental objectives in order to maximize human welfare without damaging the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Generally speaking, the formation and growth of cities rely on two main factors: organic growth and planned development. It is believed that two major factors of nature and men have been involved in the formation and development of cities. Unfortunately, women need as half of urban residents have been ignored in the planning of the city. The main purpose of this study was applicable, the methodology was descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection was documentary, field study and direct presence at related organizations. Research findings indicates that in recent years, men and women have experienced the urban space differently and women compared to men do not benefit equally from urban space. Although according to law and human rights, urban spaces are accessible to everyone, women, themselves, are as one factors of such consequences. They are always aware of problems of their presence in urban environments and in case of active participation with city planners, they can provide a safe environment for themselves and their families. The process of data collection was done through giving a questionnaire based on CPTED to women about their reduced sense of security in urban spaces (one streets of Tehran). The findings about security in above-mentioned urban spaces revealed that in countries where there are a deeper cultural and religious beliefs or if they are all male-oriented, it creates a feeling of insecurity in social, cultural and psychological fields and affects all segments of society. So there should be more detailed criteria in relation to women and indicators of environmental design.

The development of modern cities shapes in the form of towns and complexes. The neighborhood structure and identity are lost in the mass of towers and modern building. Citizen knows himself disconnecting from identity and sense of belonging. This break with the high complexity of human issues lead to be stripped and naked architecture. The purpose of this study is the design of Kohsar neighborhood hall with promoting the sense of belonging approach among residents. For case study and sample designing, Kohsar neighborhood is selected due to closeness with Tehran tourist’s area and lack of the main research component are extracted and the questionnaire was developed from the basis. The questionnaires were distributed among residents and their results were extracted. Finally, a model of research using the SPSS software and T-Student and Pearson test were extracted which indicates that among sense of belonging is correlated with “residency”, “tendency to functional diversity” and “natural elements”. Finally, the results of theoretical research, architectural documents and maps were presented by the importance of environmental consideration and obtained results. In this study, it was tried to study the main side of spaces through following all physical and geometric worthy patterns of a whole integrated template which presents architectural notion from studied concepts.