نشریه پژوهش های مکانی فضایی
سال دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 5، زمستان 1396)

The term economic resistance has been raised by the Supreme Leader in recent years and then became the concept of political economy. Experts have commented on various approaches in this area. Some with the literature of economics, some with the Islamic economics literature, have also examined the role of the components of the fields of culture and politics in shaping the resistance economy. The present article, after defining the concept of resistance economy and extracting its components based on the charter of leadership, has tried to explain the role of rural settlements and villagers in realizing the objectives of the resistance economy. The method used in this research is documentary and field research, and the population of the study is a resident population in rural areas of Shahin Shahr and Meymeh in Isfahan province. The statistical sample included 395
inhabitants in 19 rural areas above the ten households of the mentioned city. Friedman test, one sample t test, ANOVA test and .... Among the statistical methods used in SPSS software to determine the priority and significance of resistance parameters in rural communities and determine the level of Correlation and meaningful variables have been used. Research findings show that villagers have a significant impact on the realization of the objectives of the resistance economy, including production and employment. In their view, the factors and social infrastructure and services with an average of (65/7) are more important and higher in achieving social-cultural goals of the resistance economy compared to other activities. Among the economic factors, the low prices of agricultural products, lack of access to suitable markets and disability in marketing activities, the existence of intermediaries and urban intermediaries with an average rating (57/7) are the most important barriers to the realization of the objectives of the resistance economy.

Regional planning aimed at developing and reducing regional inequalities is one of the most important issues in developing countries. The regional planning requirement is to identify the status of the regions with respect to each other in terms of development. The purpose of this article is to determine the level of inequality existing in the cities of Ilam province. For this purpose, 84
indicators were selected. The Topsis method, one of the family techniques of multi-criteria decision making, is one of the main models used in this research.
The results of the research showed that Ilam with the priority coefficient of 528/0 has the first rank in terms of development. Due to the administrative and economic center as a place to raise funds for facilities and services, specialist manpower and ..., this city has given this superiority over other parts of the province. Also, the city of Abdanan with a coefficient of priority of 273/0 is located in the last development stage in the province. The dispersion coefficient obtained is 0.36 which indicates the difference and severity of inequality in the rate of utilization of facilities and development indicators.

With regard to urban expansion, security is one of the most important components of a sustainable society. In this regard, the safety of women, children and the elderly is considered as vulnerable groups. The sense of security can be verified on both the mental and objective dimensions. The subjective dimension of security is the sense of citizen safety that comes from measuring their mentality. Given the fact that women make up half the city's inhabitants and are more vulnerable to men, it is important to measure their sense of security. The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety of women in Shahinshahr. The method of this research is from the point of view of applied purpose and in terms of descriptive-survey method. Dimensions and indices of women's sense of safety (social, behavioral, physical, economic, access, environment) were selected using library studies and previous research. Then, using a questionnaire, they compiled comments. The statistical population of this study was Shahinshahr women with a population of 87321 people. Using Cochran's formula, the sample size was 384 in this research. The analysis method is using second-order confirmatory factor analysis in Lisrel software. The results show that physical and behavioral index with 0.97 have the most impact on women's safety and then social indicators with path coefficient of 0.92, economic with path coefficient 0.91, environmental index with path coefficient 0.83 and the last rank of access index with path coefficient of 0.51 is in the last rank.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes of economic activists about entrepreneurship and economic barriers in the city of Izeh that was carried out in 1394-
1395. One of the measures necessary to apply macroeconomic tools is social and economic integration. Understanding the economic, cultural, and political context of the society and its subsets can lead us to a dynamic and dynamic level of society. This research is a quantitative and quantitative study of cross-sectional and explanatory studies. The method used to gather information in quantitative research is survey. The tool used in this questionnaire was 28 self-made questions. The validity of the questionnaire was verified by experts and professors and its reliability was 0.91. SPSS software was used for analyzing descriptive and inferential data along with related statistical tests. The results of the research showed that there is a significant and inverse relationship between high inflation and chronic unemployment, lack of proper use of financial resources, fear of divergence and weakness in teamwork with entrepreneurship development in Izeh. Among these four factors, the strongest factor is the lack of proper use of financial resources and then the fear of being different.

Rural development programs are considered as part of the development plans of each country. Entrepreneurship and diversification into rural activities by discovering desirable opportunities in villages and encouraging villagers to start up new businesses will lead to a competitive business environment. Entrepreneurial village. This research is in terms of applied and descriptive-survey method. The method of data collection is library studies and field research. The survey questionnaire included 18 questions for the development of economic sustainability and 15
questions for economic diversification. The statistical population consisted of 1092 heads of households in the central part of Shahin Shahr and Meymeh Bond district. Based on the Cochran formula, 284 individuals were selected as sample size. Analysis and data analysis were performed using regression analysis in SPSS software. The results indicate that overall economic diversity has an impact on the development of economic sustainability, which suggests that the lack of reliance on a fixed income in rural areas and its diversification, and the achievement of all kinds of economic resource creation in rural development areas Economic sustainability. This is in such a way that the following sustainability variables were also at a significant level of 0.000, in so far as this diversity affects employment, income, investment and production. On the other hand, considering the lower significance of the production index compared to other indicators, increasing the economic diversity in the rural areas has had less impact on the index of production, and more likely to increase income, employment and investment.

Today, access to a variety of basic maps for basic studies and use in construction and services is very necessary. One of the types of these basic maps is geomorphologic maps that represent the landforms and processes that govern it. Therefore, with the comprehensive development of remote sensing science, the need to evaluate different images to achieve a reliable source for the preparation of these maps is clear. With this background, in this study, Sentinel-1 C-band images were used. To investigate the effect of directional visibility in shaping the diagnosis, two images were examined from two different directions of view. To assess the correction of the effects of irregularities on radar images and finally the success of the detection of complications of geomorphology, a 3-second USGS digital model was used. Finally, four complications of valley, blade, cone and vortex were extracted. For reference data, World Imagery images from Arc GIS Online were used. The parameters of accuracy, quality, kappa coefficient and finally Z test were calculated. The results indicated that radar correction images were less able to extract complications. Also, the difference in visibility and, therefore, the difference in viewing angle is effective in the success of the diagnosis of complications. It was also found that among the complications, the diagnosis of constipation was more successful than ever.

Urban space belongs to all citizens and is called the city's common courtyard because everyone can be healthy and disabled, old and young, woman and man, with any ethnicity, language and culture. Physically and mentally handicapped or elderly people know their presence to a large extent dependent on the proper conditions of the urban space they want to enter. As a matter of fact, on the smallest scale, typical sites can be designed and tailored to the park, libraries, cultural colleges, sports venues and shopping centers, so that their presence is within their area of living. Most of these people now face a lot of problems to do their most basic routine, especially in the community. Considering the statistics and the number of these individuals, it is possible to provide at least the appropriate environment for doing their daily routines so that society will get used to their presence and consequently they will also enjoy their presence in society without anyone help. The need to address the appropriate space for the elders in our country is of utmost and particular importance. Because a high percentage of the young population these days is suggesting a high rate of population growth for the elderly in the coming years. Therefore, special attention is paid to the needs of the elderly in urban areas from a variety of social and economic aspects (increasing the productivity and prosperity of commercial and employment spaces) to cultural, and other important factors. This study tried to evaluate the needs of the elderly considering their characteristics and physical limitations in open air places (like Tehran Laleh Park, with emphasis on the survey conducted in the Buick Park of Turkey and its implementation in Iran, considering the differences in season and their gender.