فصلنامه تاریخ اسلام
پیاپی 17 (بهار 1383)

The article, at the beginning, deals in brief, with the kind and the color of the armour of the army forces at the time of the Holy Prophet of Islam (p.b.u.h.) and the caliphs following him up until Abbasites. Then, it explains how they tried to uniform the armour of the army forces so that they could get conformity and could be distinguished from the enemy forces. Then, the article explains about two kinds of banners, namely "Liwa" and "Raayat," employed by the army forces at that time, and their use and position, as well as the differences between them in the army of Islam.

One of the holy prophet's prophecies and his miracles is his prophecy about the rise of a group known as Mareghin. In this prophecy he refers to a person known as Dholkhovaysereh in historical and narrative resources. The holy prophet introduces him as the originator of Mareghin (Khavarej) and also he mentions a sign for one of his associates as follows: there is a swarthy man amony them, on

Omair Ibn-e Omran Ibn-e al-Jolais, Known as Bosr Ibn-e Abi Artah, (born in the 19th year After Hijrah), was one of the brutal and cruel devoted figures to Omavites. His political activities are considerable. He played a noticeable role in the political scene of Moaaviah's caliphate.The article, first, provides a general picture of different aspects of Bosr's life, in terms of the political disputes between Moaaviah and Imam Ali (p.b.u.h), then bosr's plundering, and his role in strengthening the Omavite power, killing Shiites, and his military and political position; and then his political activities in the period of Moaviah's caliphate has been dealt with.

The capture of Egypt in 358 (After Hijrah) was accomplished as a result of the leadership of Al-Moez al-Din ol-Allah, the forth Fatemite imam/caliph, and the attempts made by his loyal commander, Johar Seghly. After the Fatemite center of power was moved from Morocco to Egypt, and after the establishment of scientific and religious foundations in order to propagate the religion of Ismalite, this religion was recognized and under the political and religious authority of the Fatemite caliphate over Egypt and the areas under their rule, it spread out.The longevity of the Fatemite caliphate and the constancy of their political and military rule, closely related with the recognition of the Ismailite religion, brings about this question that what impacts the Ismailite religion recognition has had on the Fatemite's power strcture.In this article it has been tried to deal, both theoretically and practically, with the political, social and cultural impacts of the Ismailite religion, and the consequences of its recognition in Egypt.

Al-Mansour Mohammad Ibn-e Abi Amer was the mighty chamberlain of Hisham (Moayyad), the Omavite Caliph of Andalusia (caliphate 366-399). His period is simultaneous with the beginning of the Moslem's military weakness and the anarchic circumstances in the rule of Moslems over Andalusia, as the Christians dared to transgress the borderlines of, Andalusia, and plunder and kill people there. Al-Mansour is one of the great figures who was concerned about defending the realm of Moslems at that anarchic circumstance, and succeeded at striking repeatedly against the Christian government in the north of Spain. This article deals with the battles taken place between Al-Mansour and the Christian Spain.

Mostansar (caliphate 427-487 After Hijrah) is one of the most famous Fatemite caliphs of Egypt, who ruled for a long time. Although there were numerous ups and downs in his period, his era is considered as one of the most important and crucial periods in the history of the Ismailite religion rule over Egypt. When the Ismalite's rule over Egypt approached downfall and internal and external crises threatened it, a man, called Badr al-Jamali (vizierate 466-487 After Hijrah), was appointed as the vizier, and could succeed in dealing with problems one after the other.This article deals with Badr's political, and social accomplishments and renovations, as well as the critical circumstances in Egypt as he was appointed as the vizier.

The present article deals with the geographical locations and names mentioned in the text of the Holy Quran. At the beginning geogropher's ideas and view points and their schools of thought in regard with the locations mentioned in the Holy Quran have been presented, in general of course. Then, it explains about the approaches taken by different sources and the amount of attention paid in this regard by them. This article explains in detail about the various geographical locations of quranic narratives, and it is discussed that these locations have been classified as central, middle, southern and northern, etc. At the end there is a reference to the stories that God has not mentioned their locations in the Holy Quran, and it has been mentioned that the way the quranic narratives have been narrated should be set as an example.

In order to study the political, social, and economical circumstances of the first century of the rise Islam, it is necessary to survey about the characters of that period, particularly the characters whose family or themselves had key roles in the events of that period. One of such figures is Abd al-Rahman Ibn-e Ashaas. The most important event in his life was his riot against Hadjaj in the era of Omavite rule. In this article, it has been tried to examine the causes of this riot, how it expanded, the trend of the increase of intensity of the objections and the riot against Omavite rule, the nature and the aims of the rioters, and the position taken by Ibn-e Ashaas throughout the riot, which approximately resulted in overthrowning of Omavite rule.

"The Omavite Caliphate" is the title of a book published by Tahoury Publications. This work is one of the best works in regard with the History of Islam and is about one of the most riotous periods throughout that history, that is, the era of Abd ol-Malek Marvan's rule. In comparison with the other works published in this regard nowadays, the mentioned book is considered as a very exact and scholarly work.