فصلنامه تاریخ اسلام
پیاپی 41-42 (بهار و تابستان 1389)

Considering a great amount of historical information in the Holy Quran and the interpretive reports, making use of them will be of great importance in the field of research on the prophet's conduct. This article aims to criticize the story of satanic verses through the Holy Quran and the interpretive reports. Satanic verses is a well-known story in the history of Islam which has been the center of attention of scientific assemblies particularly orientalists. The investigated text of this story is based on the reports narrated in two books of Tarikh ol-Moluk and Tafsir-e Jame- ol Bayan by Mohammad ibn Jarir-e Tabari, one of the pioneer interpreters, jurists, and historians of the 4th century. This criticism, without considering the theological and religious teachings, illustrates the internal divergence of these reports and also their disagreement with the other historical reports and evidences which will clearly reveal the unreality of this story.

Khaje Nasireddin-e Tusi (597-672 A. H.), the great scholar of the 7th century, had a salient scientific position among the Iranian scholars and scientists. His knowledge in various scientific areas caused unique innovations which elevated his scientific reputation in Iran and the other countries. Following the Mongolian's attack and the destruction of scientific centers and the consequential massacre and plunder, Khaje Nasireddin-e Tusi took refuge to the forts of Isma’ilis.This provided him an appropriate opportunity to compile rewarding books in different areas like morality, mathematics, astronomy, physics, and similar issues. The Isma’ili's attention toward sciences and generating knowledge gave him a great chance to protect the rest of precious heritage during Mongolian’s attack while the scientific and cultural achievements of Iran was on the verge of annihilation.There exists Isma’ilis’ ideas in some works of Khaje Nasir but the events after the conquest of Isma’ilis’ forts and joining of Khaje Nasir to Holakukhan reflects the fact that he was not Isma’ili. The political strategy of Khaje for keeping and reclaiming twelve-Imam Shi’ism led him to use the principle of concealment and keep the rest of inheritance of Iranian great civilization with the cooperation of Isma’ilis.

Wisdom, imitation, and protection of the Prophet’s Household’s conduct for permanency and transmission of the message of Ashura for the future will be a communal duty.A new and better understanding of this important issue will be achieved through a branch of social science i.e. the knowledge of communication technology and its methods.In this writing, after a review of the Prophet’s Household’s conduct and the issues around it, to better understand the reasons of Prophet’s Household’s success in preserving the message of Ashura and its transmission, which provides the basic needs of addressees, the famous model of Heidegger’s triangle was utilized and the methods of Infallible Imams were mentioned e.g. the focus on emotional dimension of human being, the use of great encouragement and the rule of repetition and practice to reach the goal of permanency, transmission, and protection of the message of Ashura.

During the history of Islam, there formed a lot of dependent and semi-dependent governments supported the central caliphate or stood against it. A group of these governments were Shiite and the other groups were given the title of Shi’ah. This article aims to introduce and study the intersectional orientations of 20 governments or households which governed in a part of Islamic realm in Abbasid period.

One of the manifestations of writing history in philosophical form is the work of Abu Ali Maskuyeh Razi named Tajareb-ol-Omam. The philosophical ideas of Maskuyeh in writing history and a different view to the analysis of history and presenting a kind of interpretation and a new explanation about it illustrates a deep view toward history. Therefore, in line with the investigation of Maskuyeh’s historical approach, the present writing is to consider three major Questions of theoretical philosophy of history i.e. stimulus, process, and objective of history on his view.

In the year 23 (After Hijra), the second caliph, Umar ibn-e Khattab, was murdered by an Iranian servant known as “Abu Lolo”. The details of this event have changed a lot through the passage of time and various motivations. Therefore, there are diverse views related to the motivation behind this murder, the religion of murderer, hometown, and finally the place of his burial. Based on this study, Abu Lolo was from Nahavand and it is not clear if he was Muslim or not. His motivation of murdering caliph has been due to his personal enmity with him.Whatever has been mentioned related to his relationship with Ali (PBUH) and his sending to Kashan and the other events narrated in unreliable and unauthentic books is nothing but a legend. Abu Lolo was murdered after murdering caliph in Medina in Zihajjeh 26th and in the year 23 After Hijra. The existent grave in Kashan has nothing to do with him and it is very probable that it belongs to one of the sufis of the 7th century.

The investigation of women’s position in the age of ignorance is the center of attention of researchers. Through a glance, it makes clear that the researchers’ investigation related to individual and family issues has not been complete and they ignored to mention the other dimensions of women’s life in Arabian Peninsula, especially their social presence. Therefore, in this research, it has been tried to identify the women’s issues in the political and social area. The issues of this discussion include the political, military and economic presence of women in the age of ignorance. The investigations done in this regard clearly reveal the social and political cooperation of women of that society in different areas like economic occupations, the presence in the religious ceremony and military and political areas.

The Sajian’s Government (277-317) was formed in Azerbaijan in the last decades of the third century after Hijra. The Sajians’ household like some of the other Iranian households were appointed as the governors of Azerbaijan after winning the trust of Abbasid caliph through their own actions and the obedience of the caliph. Besides Azerbaijan, they were supposed to keep track of affairs in Armenia. In fact, during their transient governments, Sajians were responsible to safeguard the boarders of Islamic world in a part of Abbasid’s realm. The governors of this rather unpopular government rebelled many times against the Abbasid caliphs; although their efforts for seeking independency against the power of the caliphate were not so long lasting. A major part of the existent peace and tension in the relationship between the two parties was rooted in political and military changes in different areas of Iran and Mesopotamia.In this article, the reason of transferring Azerbaijan government to Sajian and also the effective factors in their cordial relations with Abbasid caliphate and finally the causes of struggles between the two parties will be discussed in detail.