فصلنامه تاریخ اسلام
پیاپی 5 (بهار 1380)

The establishment of the date of the Prophet's passing away is not merely a scientific-historical issue; it has other implications as well. Without relyiny on either of the accepted accounts, and by studying and comparing the six events which are believed to be i and,related to the Proghet's demise, this paper investigates the traditionally-accepted Shi al-Awwal 12 respectively, reaching the-,sunni dates (of his demise), Safar 28 and Rabi conclusion that both of these dates are inaccurate. Rather according to the findings here and as it has come in Abu Mikhnaf hadith (tradition), the correct date of the Prophet's passing is al-Awwal 2.

ah (believers in suspension of judgement against erring believers and the unfailing,Murji efficacy of faith over works) is one if the earliest ideological - political movements of the Muslim world. Most of the studies done on this sect, so far, have focused on the convergence of their thought with political objectives of the Umayyah rulers. This paper embarks upon ah from a different viewpoint. It looks at the sect and their role as an,the study of the Murji effective factor in spreading Islam among certain groups of Ahl-ul Dhimmis (non-Muslims living under Muslim rule who were accorded a protected status and allowed to retain their ah), in defense of newly-converted,original faith) revealing that some of them (the Murji Muslims, stood up to Umyyad governors here and there and even resorted to violence at times.

The present paper tries to outline a picture on the existing political schools of thought of major importance in the early periods of the Abbasi khilafah. This era is generally considered by scholars as fertile grounds for the rise and spread of most Islamic ideological and political schools and their positions towards the issue of the "khilafah"; nevertheless, the era has not been given its due attention in proportion to its significance by historians. This paper presents the most prominent political inclinations in the periods under investigation such as the Zaydiyyah, Imamiyyah, tazilah, the various Sunni school of law, as well as the,Mu proponents of the Bani - Abbas rulers. In addition, the difference between the many political schools of these early periods and the positive or negative influence of the Abbasi state on such political orientations have also been brought to light in this article.

udhi,,The historiographical method of Ali ibn-e Husayn al-Mas because of its criticism of prior historiographical conventions and the introduction of new topics in Islamic historiography, can be examined and discussed from different aspects and views. The article examines the efforts of this great Muslim historian in establishing the connection between historiography, astronomy and calendar making as one of the numerous branches of rational sciences, for this reason while referring to the uniqueness of udi's historiographical style, we discuss the position of,Mas astronomy, calendar, and chronology in his scientific method and the way they are applied by him in history. It has also been tried to investigate his achievements in creating a link between the historian and astronomer on one hand, and history and astronomy, on the other.

The crusades is that part of the history of Islam and christianity that has been researched and studied by the arietalists before and more than the Muslims. The Muslims, especially their elite, in the fifth and sixth centuries had considered the crusades as a second rate historical incident. Such a view-point, in addition to other academic influences, also affected the Islamic school of historiography; and consequently, leading to a negligence on the part of historians to ihs in this,ili Shi,pay enough attention to the role of the Isma regard. The resistence and perseverence against the Crusaders by the fatimids was ignored; and they were even portrayed as a state who invited the Crusaders to the East. This article by using historical texts and sources tries to present ihs in this,0a more realistic explanation of the role of Fatimids Shi respect.

By: Esma One of the majar factors that has been taken up by many historians in various Islamic historiographical schools, and been based as grounds for the interpretation of different events in the history of Islam is "predestination and divine will". In line with their political and state interests, the rulers, and the political and administrative elites supported the extension of the predetermination principle to all aspects of people's lives, throughout Iranian history. The present paper investigates the scope of the application of this principle in "Tarikh-e Jahan goshai" by Ata Malek-e Joveyni, the persian historian, and tries to answer the question of how influential the theory of predestination and divine will" had been in Joveynis" historiographical method, and his style of recording various evenrs and issues of the time.

During the reign of the Qajar King, Naser-ed-Din Shah, the mourning ceremonies of the prophet's grandson, Imam Husayn, were held extensively in Tehran. Considering public illiteracy and deficiencies of the now extinct maktabkhaneh (tutorial school) educational system, these ceremonies provided a good opportunity for religious scholars to educate the public in religious knowledge. The number and the way such sessions and processions were held, and the level of popular reception these ceremonies received, are examined in this article, Introducing a number of well-known preacheres of the time, the article also brings to light the role of Molla Aghe Darbandi in organizing such ceremonies, ez played in providing the needed,il Va,and the part Molla isma texts and sources for the preachers of the Qajar era.

The main point of this paper is the hypothesis that the share of eastern provinces in the overall trade of the Muslim world in the 4th century A.H. had been the essential factor carrying the bulk of the burden to sustain the economy of the western provinces with their capital at Baghdad. In fact, Baghdad had been the link, for trade between the two halves of the vast Islamic state, from which merchandise coming from the east were sent to and distributed in the most westerly reaches the Muslim world. Another point brought up, by implication, in the paper is the achievements of the Muslim Civilization in the 4th century A.H.; a civilization whose blooming would not have been possible without the financial backbone provided by trade from those eastern provinces. Meanwhile, the expansion and spread of Islam from the Indian Subcontinent towards the countries of Far East and the Chinese borders can easily be followed also through the information furnished in this article.