مجله رهیافت های سیاسی و بین المللی
سال دهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 56، زمستان 1397)

This Research is trying to focus on Donald Trump's inaugural speech of January 20, 2017, and some of his Twitter messages until June 2018, while meeting and agreeing with the North Korean leader. This study, based on the combined interpretation methodology, relies on content analysis and Discourse analysis at the levels of description, interpretation, and explanation and answers this question: What metaphors have there been in the political linguistics of Donald Trump? Also, how can these metaphors, in terms of form, content, historical tradition, the way they use and language mechanisms, be analyzed and interpreted by the United States foreign and interior policy, as audience communities? In response to the research’s question, the hypothesis of this study is that Trump ›s metaphors take advantage of the content of classical conservatism thought, as the strict father, oriented, contradictory and structural. Regarding the type of metaphors, »combined and anaphoric, with the use of the private sphere language in the public domain.« For the form of metaphors: differentiator and bipolar, and its refelection in interior policy is an aggressive nationalism with the image of economic nationalism. In foreign policy is inconsistent with globalization, hardware, economics, and because of the impact of audience on communities, relying on disturbing and nostalgic metaphors. Therefore, in view of the extent of the domestic and international influences of this metaphorical language, as well as the increase of linguistic tension between Iran and the United States in 2018, it is considered important to study and research.

Recognition of historical identities is done various narratives, including Primordialist, Postmodern and Historical Sociology, but we present to introduce the genealogy narrative of a historical identity with an emphasis on Foucault›s theory. This narrative presumes always identity throughout history as a central issue in the context of the relationship of power. Accordingly, various forces in each historical period have tried to exercise power over historical identity, which did this through institutions, tools, techniques, tactics, and discourses. Also, as for »Contingency« of history, we have seen always the »fabrication« of various aspects of identity throughout history. The main issue of the present paper is the recognition of Foucault›s genealogy method and differences between Foucault›s methods and other available methods. Based on this, we distinguish differences of Foucault›s methodology with other methods of identity, and then we investigate the characteristics of the Foucaultian method about identity

By utilizing its different soft powers aspects, the Chinese government is implementing a global progressive strategy, especially on the African continent. The presence of the Chinese on the continent of Africa is very pervasive, which can be attributed to the proper utilization of the negotiations results and the programs approved by the regular China-Africa Summits meetings along with the increasing wave of presence of Chinese governmental media and cultural institutions on this continent. The purpose of this research is to help Iranian decision makers to better understanding of China’s policy makings in Africa and its effects on the political and economic interactions with the continent which many of its capacities have been unknown for different sectors of our country. This paper while using the analytical data, information and documents published, by examining the China›s soft power components in Africa and its effects on the interactions of this country with the continent, tries to answer the following question: What is the soft power performance of China in Africa and what components does it have? The hypothesis used in this connection is that China uses its soft power components on the African continent including culture and educational-cultural exchanges, strengthening diplomatic presence, and the provision of financial and investment assistance in different parts of Africa, has succeeded in attracting positive view of public opinion and the support of African governments to continue cooperation with the country in order to create the proper context for pursuing its political and economic goals on the continent. This research shows that the Iranian officials’ approaches towards Africa and their expectations from this continent will be the basis for defining any mechanism and exploiting of soft power and its tools in line with the expected interests.

Immigration can be considered one of the most important upward trends in the international arena. This phenomenon is especially important among Third World countries, as these countries are losing more human capital in the process of international human capital flows, and their development under the influence of this phenomenon will usually slow down. The main aim of the present research is to investigate the extent and mechanism of the impact of migration and exodus of human capital on the development of countries of origin, including as Iran and Turkey. In this regard, the important issue that arises is the extent of the impact of immigration on the development of Iran and Turkey. In response to this question, using the Grounded Theory, the most important immigration indicators affecting development were extracted, and it was hypothesized that the migration process was based on indicators such as the rate of migration and return, the high specialty immigrants, remmitances and foreign direct investment of Diaspora in the country of origin has had a negative effect on the development of Iran and Turkey. Considering that Turkey has a better status than Iran in immigration indicators, its development has been less damaging from immigration.

There is a complex of factors that has been the source of shaping Russia‘s principles and behavioral patterns in the Middle East. With regards to Russia’s increasing role in this region and its opportunities and threats, this paper seeks to articulate variables and basic elements of Russia’s foreign policy in the Middle East. Their main question is what are the factors and the motivations of Russian Mideast policy? Their proposition is that changes and developments in Russian Mideast policy is making Russian perceptions of political and economic issues in the “Near Abroad” and the way of creating geopolitical balanced equilibrium in its relationship with the West changed. The authors try to examine these motivations in Russian Mideast policy to show the principal rules and general formation of its Mideast policy. The result is that the kind of its policy making has created specific implication for I.R. of Iran. These principles have changed from idealistic to realist ones. The methodology of this research is descriptive- analytical.

This paper seeks to apply the theory of collective local security in analyzing of security matters, and issues in south of Asia. The goal of the study is showing the level of natural traits of this theory in clarifying of security issues, hostility and alliance patterns, the types of relation among political units, and knowing the issues of this area. So the main question is that how much benefits has this theory in analyzing the security matters, and issues in south of Asia, and how the knowing of security issues in this area could be achieved? The hypothesis of this research is that because of multidimensional nature of this theory, necessity of studying of twin check of social understanding of situations has a high advantage in analyzing of security matters and issues in south of Asia. Methodology of the research is descriptive- analytical, and the data was gathered in library. Findings show this critical matter that because of multidimensional nature of this theory, necessity of studying of twin check of social understanding of situations, and knowing the relations of power, has made knowing the types of relations among present political units in south of Asia possible. Essential factors in the findings, on the one hand, are close identical, and cultural relation, on the other hand, is basic material, and the geopolitical dependence in this area provides both the logics and exactness of this theory. Although this theory is not the end of theorizing for this area, it would be an effective theory because of social traits, types of political actions, and local tensions.