مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 3 (پیاپی 104، امرداد 1396)

Cerebral ischemia is a common cause of mortality, which can be described as a focal brain defect secondary to trauma. This study aimed to determine the relationship between consumption of Tamarindus indica aqueous extracts and stroke volume, as well as the neurological disorders in a cerebrovascular model of rats.
Cerebral ischemia is a common cause of mortality, which can be described as a focal brain defect secondary to trauma. This study aimed to determine the relationship between consumption of Tamarindus indica aqueous extracts and stroke volume, as well as the neurological disorders in a cerebrovascular model of rats.
In the present experimental study thirty- five male wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=7): the control group (receiving distilled water induction ischemia), three experimental groups (receiving aqueous extract of T. indica with doses of 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg plus induction of ischemia) and the sham group (receiving distilled water no induction of ischemia). The pretreatment was performed for 30 days, orally via gavage. Ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed by Longa et al method. Data were analyzed by software SPSS, test ANOVA and disorders by test Mann- Whitney.
Findings: Obtained data indicated that pretreatment of T. indica reduced the total volume of tissue infarct in two groups receiving the extract with 75 mg/kg (155/6±10/16), 100mg/kg (88/83±16/33) doses compared to control (225/66±3/45) groups (P=0/000). Extracts reduced neurological deficit scores in the two groups receiving the doses 75 and 100 mg/kg of extracts to the control group.
Discussion & Consumption of T. indica aqueous extracts can reduce symptoms of ischemic stroke.

Pervious studies indicated that the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) produce adenosine and express adenosine receptors. Moreover, produced adenosine has biological effect on these cells. On the other hand, MSCs have a wide relationship with macrophages in tissues and bone marrow. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of the MSCs treated with caffeine, as an adenosine antagonist, on the peritoneal macrophages isolated from rats.
After isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow of rats, these cells pulsed with different concentration of caffeine (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mM) for 48h. Then, MSCs were co-cultured with macrophages for 1 day. Then, the level of nitric oxide production and respiratory burst of macrophages after challenge with N-formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanine (f-MLP) or opsonized yeast were evaluated.
Findings: It seems that MSCs pulsed with caffeine or without it could significantly decrease the respiratory burst and nitric oxide production of co-cultured macrophages more prominent than macrophages alone after unspecific challenged with fMLP. Although, pervious treatment of MSCs with caffeine could decrease the respiratory burst and nitric oxide production of macrophages challenged with f-MLP more prominent than MSCs without treatment. However, the potential of nitric oxide production and respiratory burst of various group after challenge with opsonized yeast didn’t show any significant differences.
Discussion & Collectively, these data may offer new insight into the potential mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of caffeine.

Leishmaniasis is endemic in 88 countries and 350 million people in world are at risk. This study was developed, conducted, and evaluated to describe and analyze the preventive behaviors of people in the endemic area of Mehran County.
In this study, 92 people having 18 years living in Mehran Township and referred to health care center No. 1 of Mehran town in 2014 were selected through convenience sampling method. Data gathering was done using a researcher-made questionnaire, which was on the basis of BASNEF model, and its reliability and validity was verified. The completed questionnaires were encoded; their data were entered into SPSS software and analyzed by chi-square, independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient.
Findings: The relationship between age, gender, marital status, education level, family income, family history of leishmaniasis, and the preventive behaviors of the respondents toward the disease were examined and no significant statistical relationship was found (P>0.05). The results of this study illustrated the importance of subjective norms in this regard. The relationship between subjective norms and variables as enabling factors(r=0.262, PDiscussion & The most prevalent of suitable preventive behavior was relevant to remove the solid wastes in a proper way (91.3%) and least prevalence was relevant to using the mosquito nets while sleeping (5/4%).

Currently, due to the high prevalence of overweight, obesity and modernization of life, walking on a treadmill is welcomed instead of walking on the ground. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of treadmill and ground walking, on abdominal obesity and resting heart rate among inactive overweight womenin Boroujerd.
This semi-experimental study was conducted on 30 healthy, inactive, overweight andabdominalobesity womenthatvolunteered to take part in this study in2014. After performing a pre-test,the participants were randomly allocated into three equal groups(n=10): Walkingon theground,walking on a Treadmill, and the control. The walking training program was performed three sessionsper week for eight weeks with60%to85% of heart rate reserve.To compare the effectof trainingprogram,before and after eight weeks, the resting heart rate and the abdominal obesity were detected using Polar device and WHO classification, respectively.The data were analyzed by ANOVA and SPSS19.
Findings: The results showed a significant decrease in resting heart rate inwalking on the treadmill and ground, respectively (72.3±2.90,75.3±1.94)afterthe trainingprogram (pDiscussion & These results indicated that bothtreadmill and ground walkingcan improvetheabdominal obesityand resting heart rate.Walking on ground can promote abdominal obesity than walking on treadmill, so to reduce problems caused obesity and overweight mustbe more emphasis on walking on the ground.

now a day, body management and its effective variables are important discussions in medical sociology. Body has not just living and psychological dimension, and it is a component that is structured socially.
the present study is descriptive- correlative. Research population is includes all women with age range of 19-44 in Ilam city that were 47090 cases based on report of center of statistics of Iran in whom 381 cases were selected by Cochran Formula and were selected by multilevel clustering sampling method. But because of missing data in 11 questionnaires, 370 questionnaires were selected for final analysis. Research instrument is author- made questionnaire. Body management was studied in four dimensions of thinness procedures, healthiness, beauty surgeries, cover type and health care. For data analysis and testing hypotheses, descriptive statistics (mean, frequency, percent) and inferential statistics (K-S, correlation coefficient of Pearson, Spearman and simple regression and variance analysis) were used and so SPSS software was used.
Findings: the findings show that majority of studied women are married, householder and in middle class. Also variables of age, media consumption, cultural- social stress, married conditions, education degree and income are related with body management.
Discussion & media in modern time is one of the main factors of body management and play and important role in transferring social- cultural pressure for thinness and body fitness. Also education is one of the important social factors for determine management type. Higher education necessitates women to control arrangement and monitor body in various life times related to their education.

Recently, 6 crystallographic structures of the pharmacologically important human serotonin transporter protein (5-HTT) were reported. In the present survey, two of these crystallographic structures and two homology models were used to study the distribution of 5-HTT’s residues based on their position and orientation. The aim here was to understand the structural and functional roles of membrane helices better in transporters and the costs/benefits of using homology models in such studies.
The membrane helical segments of 5-HTT were identified using a KD-hydropathy plot. The classification of membrane helical residues into 4 groups (Lipid-facing, Lumen-facing, Right and Left) was done using a novel method considering residue positions. Also two 3D structural models of 5-HTT were generated using MODELLER based on templates with 38% and 60% similarities.
Findings: Although the majority of hydrophobic residues in membrane helices were in the Lipid-facing cluster, a considerable percentage of them laid within the Lumen-facing cluster. In the Lipid-facing cluster, Ile, Leu, Val, Thr, Ala and Phe were the most frequent residues, respectively. Thus, their 3D positioning patterns were responsible for most of protein-lipid interactions and the functions of these interactions.
Discussion & Judging by the correlation coefficients, Lipid-facing and Right clusters are the most similar. This suggests that helices may rotate during the outward-inward conformational switch of the transporters. Our model-crystal structure comparisons demonstrate that in the case of membrane transporters, using a template with 38% similarity, results in poor modeling of the membrane helices. These findings can help us understand the structure and function of membrane helices in transporter proteins better.

Proton therapy is a treatment method for variety of tumors such as brain tumor. The most important feature of high-energy proton beams is the energy deposition as a Bragg curve and the possibility of creating the spread out Bragg peak (SOBP) for full coverage of the tumor. The aim of this study is the three dimensional (3-D) coverage of a brain tumor while healthy brain tissue absorbs less radiation.
In this study, a spherical tumor with the radius of 1 cm in the brain is considered. A SNYDER head phantom has been irradiated with 86.5 MeV proton beam energy. APMMA modulator wheel and a PMMA range compensator wheel are used for longitudinal and lateral covering of the tumor, respectively. The simulations are performed using GEANT4 code.
Findings: Using a modulator wheel, the tumor is covered longitudinally and Spread Out Bragg Peak is created. In terms of lateral, in addition to the tumor, portions of healthy brain tissue are irradiated. 3-D coverage of spherical shape tumor is performed using a range compensator wheel. In the presence of modulator and range compensator wheels, the flux and absorbed dose of secondary particles produced by nuclear interactions of protons with elements in the head are considerably small compared to protons.
Discussion & Using a modulator and a range compensator wheels the tumor can be treated accurately in the 3-D, so that the minimal damage reaches the surrounding tissues. The results show that more than 99% of the total dose of secondary particles and protons is absorbed in the tumor.

Infertility is a complex disorder with multiple genetic and environmental causes. Male factor infertility affects 15% of all couples. MicroRNA plays an important role in spermatogenesis. Whether pre-miRNAs polymorphisms are associated with idiopathic male infertility is unknown. In this study, the association between mir-34 b/c rs4938723 gene polymorphism and the risk of idiopathic male infertility was investigated.
Blood Samples were collected from 244 patients diagnosed with idiopathic male infertility and 105 control subjects. DNA extraction was performed by salting out method and genotype determination was done by Tetra-ARMS PCR technique. However, the comparison between genotype and allele frequencies in cases and controls, were assessed by logistic regression analysis.
Findings: Both of the cases )χ2= 1.8, df=2, P=0.17( and control )χ2= 1.6, df=2, P=0.2( groups were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for genotype distribution. In a recessive genetic model for CC genotype, mir-34 b/c rs4938723 showed significant association with idiopathic male infertility (OR= 0.44, 95% CI= 0.2-0.9, P= 0.03).
Discussion & In this study, for the first time, the association between mir-34 b/c rs4938723 and idiopathic male infertility was investigated. The results showed that mir-34 b/c rs4938723 polymorphism is associated with idiopathic male infertility; more studies should be considered with larger number of patient and control subjects to confirm these results.

Scoliosis is a lateral curvature of the spine that affects walking in these patients. Using orthotics is one of the most common treatments for scoliosis patients. There is little knowledge about the effect of orthotics on joint contact forces during walking. Therefore the aim of this study was to assess the effect of Boston brace on lower limb and L5-S1 joint contact forces during walking in scoliosis patients.
5 girls with idiopathic scoliosis participated in this study. Qualysis motion analysis system and a Kistler forceplate were used to record data. SPSS software (independent t-test) was used to analyze data at the set point of 0.05.
Finding: The first (α=0.02) and second (α=0.04) peak of vertical ground reaction force were 18.8 and 20.05 N/BW respectively during walking with brace which was significantly greater than that of these forces during walking without brace. The excursion of the trunk in sagittal plane significantly decreased during walking with brace (α=0.02).
Discussion & Boston brace did not affect gait kinetics and kinematics significantly in self-selected speed except L5-S1 range of motion and first and second vertical ground reaction forces. So Boston brace has no negative effect on lower limb joints and L5-S1 joint during walking with self-selected speed.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) as an endocrine disorder, the most common cause of infertility in couple is considered, for be a better understanding of the pathogenesis of this syndrome, the animal models is needed. This study was conducted with the aim of polycystic ovary induction by dehydroepiandrostenedione in mice.
To induce PCOS phenotype of immature mice (approximately 21-22 days) in both control and experimental groups of 12 mice were studied. in the experimental group for 21 days with a daily injection of dehydroepiandrostenedione were treated intraperitoneally. The solvent of dehydroepiandrostenedione was injected to the control group. For evaluate changes in ovarian tissue, histomorphometry methods were used.
Findings: The use of dehydroepiandrostenedione in order to create a model of polycystic ovary syndrome causes a significant reduction in the number of antral follicles and the corpus luteum and increase the number of follicles primordial, primary and preantral and cysts in comparison to the control group (PDiscussion & Based on the results of this study, we can conclude that dehydroepiandrostenedione can induce polycystic ovary in mice.

There are various methods for VOC abatement from air among which the catalytic method is more conventional. Using modified natural zeolites is one of the catalytic methods. In this research for the first time, dealuminated (acid treated) natural clinoptilolite zeolite was used for the total oxidation of toluene.
The chemical modification of the zeolite is conducted by acid treating, ion-exchange and calcination methods. Then catalytic behavior of the sample was investigated using the integral fixed bed catalytic reactor. In this work, the effect of variables such as reactor temperature, flow rate of pollutant and extent of dealumination was evaluated.
Findings: The dealuminated clinoptilolite zeolite showed a promising performance for toluene abatement via total oxidation of toluene so that temperature corresponding to the maximum activity (100% conversion of toluene) was shifted to lower temperature (300 °C).
Discussion & The results showed that zeolite and its preparation method can be an effective method for VOCs abatement like toluene.

Addiction is a physical and mental disorder, which because of its progressive nature endangers the health of individual and community in all aspects of life. The present research aimed to understand the mediating role of novelty seeking in the relationship between Parenting styles and addiction tendency in high school students in the city of Ilam.
The statistical population of present research consisted of all high school boy students in the first semester 2015-2016 academic years; therefore, 410 students were selected with multistage random sampling, and completed the Baumrind parenting styles questionnaire, Cloninger novelty sensation scale and Zargar addiction potentiality. The data have been analyzed by Pearson correlation test and path analyses using Amos -16.
Findings: Results showed that the proposed model had sufficient fitness with data of research. Path analysis showed that parenting styles significantly affected novelty sensation and addiction potentiality directly. Also, it was found out that novelty sensation had mediating role in the relationship between parenting styles and addiction potentiality.
Discussion & According to present research results, novelty sensation is one of the most effective reasons on student’s tendency to drug abusing. With this in mind, the hygienic officials and activists should make policies to increase parent’s information in suitable parenting styles education field and the important role of personality characteristic in tendency to addiction.

The use of synthetic plstics has led to solid waste management problem and secondary problems such as global warming. In response to these issues, use of biodegradable polimers such as polyhydroxy butyrate (BHP) is suitable. The aim of this research was to evaluate maximum production of BHP and cell biomass in different growth condition as temperature, carbon source, incubation time and shaker speed.
To evaluate BHP production, a total of 10 bacteria species isolated from soil contaminated to sewage in Ilam milk maufactory were tested for exictance of BHP using soudan black staining. Among all isolates, only one bacillus species had BHP. This species was diagnosed as bacillus cereus using biochemical tests and PCR reaction by using universal primer. The evaluation of BHP production has been carried out using GC-Mass and FTIR apparatues, and for maximum production of BHP and cell biomass, the effects of differences growth inducer factors such as temperature, carbon sources, shaking(aeration) and incubation time were tested.
Findings: In this survey we found that, the optimum condition for maximum production of PHB and biomas was incubation at 37˚C for 72h and shaking in 150rpm/min, uses of glucose as carbon source, and the ratres of PHB and biomass production were 0.188g/lit, 0.058g/lit respectivlly. Regarding GC-Mass results, the average of PHB production was 30%.

Discussion & Using cheap sources of carbon, one can enhance production of this biopolymer in the industerial scale for replacement of synthetic plastic to prvent bioenvironmental contamination.

Breast cancer is a complex disease due to several biological Levels of genetic and epigenetic changes that ultimately alter the cellular processes including proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and the acquisition of an invasive phenotype results. BIF-1 (BAX interacting factor) is a tumor suppressor gene which is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial membrane bends and containing BAR domains that mediate interaction with BAX. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative gene expression differences of BIF-1 in human breast tumor compared with normal adjacent tissues using Real-Time PCR method.
This case-control study was implemented on 50 tumour and normal adjacent tissue samples of breast cancer patients. The patients had referred to Milad and Khatam hospitals in 2014. After collecting the samples, total RNA was extracted from tissue by TriPure RNA isolation kit. The cDNA was synthesized from extracted RNA by Revert AID First strand cDNA synthesis kit. Finally the BIF-1 gene expression was analyzed in tumor and normal adjacent tissues using SYBR green Real-Time PCR.
Findings: Our results indicated that BIF-1 was down regulated in 34 breast cancer patients which was statically significant (P=0.001). This lower mean of BIF-1 gene expression in tumor tissues compared with normal adjacent ones confirmed its role as a tumor suppressor gene.
Discussion & Due to the significant difference in BIF-1 gene expression in breast tumor and normal tissue, this gene may candidate as a possible biomarker related to breast cancer.

Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease in humans. Footprints inflammation in osteoarthritis is not a new discovery. The degenerative change in inflammatory joints is associated with overproduction of inflammatory cytokines. In the process, the monocyte and macrophage cells enter the synovium and play a role in the production of the cytokines. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the essential oil of Nigella sativa L in reducing expression of pre-inflammatory cytokines in human macrophage and monocyte cells in comparison with steroid anti- inflammatory drugs in a model similar to osteoarthritis.
Culturing THP-1 cells, providing Nigella sativa L essential oil, determining the degree of toxicity through SDH, LDH and MTT methods, treatment of the cells with LPS, placebos and essential oil, isolation of RNA and then, producing cDNA were performed. The expression of TNF-α and IL-18 was determined by RT-PCR method and analyzed through ANOVA, F static, and REST methods.
Findings: The essential oil of Nigella sativa L reduced the expression of TNF-α and IL-18 and has a significant difference (pDiscussion & The results showed that the Nigella sativa L essential oil reduces the expression TNF-α and IL-18 in THP-1 cells stimulated with LPS and can be used in treating inflammatory diseases due to its anti- inflammatory properties.

Infectious complications in pediatric oncology patients are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Early detection of bacterial infection and prescription of antibiotics prevented from complication such as sepsis and death. The present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of IL8 compared with ESR and CRP in the detection of bacterial infection is done.
In this study , 48 children with cancer (18 were females and 30 males with a mean age 57.17 months) with high grade fever 38.5 in 2014 referring to Afzalipur hospital in Kerman, were examine. Plasma was obtained from pediatric oncology patients at the reception time with febrile neutropenia and 48 h later. Blood samples were taken for testing IL8 , centrifuged and the serum was isolated. The samples were frozen at -70 over a period of 13 months and samples of the Keith Human IL-8 / NAP-1 Platinum made in USA were measured using an ELISA assay. The patients were classified as having or not having a bacterial infection. Serum levels of IL8, ESR, CRP were measured in both groups and Independent sample T-test and SPSS version 22 were used for statistical analysis.
Findings: From 48 children, 18 (37.5%) were females and 30 (62.5%) were males. Overall mean age was 57.17 months. From 48 patients , 9 cases had bacterial infection including 4 cases bacteremia, 3 cases pneumonia and 2 cases UTI and others had non-bacteria. Data showed that the highest amount of sensitivity and specificity marker belonging to IL8 is 100, the lowest amount of sensitivity attribute ESR marker is 66.7 and the lowest amount of specificity attribute CRP marker is 84.6.
Discussion & IL-8 is the most useful marker for the early detection of bacterial infections , compared with CRP , ESR and this marker can be a useful tool for evaluating patients who are at the high risk of infection and candidate for intravenous antibiotics.

In different recent researches high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infectious in adult patient with ITP disease has been reported. Furthermore, the studies have referred to increase of platelet count in some patients after eradication therapy of this infection. This problem describes the probable role of H. pylori in the occurrence of adult ITP. However, studies done in this case are limited in the children age group. This study aimed to determine the relationship between H. pylori infection and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in hospitalized children in Amirkola Hospital 2012-2013.
In this cross-sectional study, 88 children under 14 years old (44 case groups, 44 control group) were studied. They had been hospitalized with a diagnosis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in Amirkola Hospital (2012-2013) and their H. pylori infection was positive by stool antigen method. They were considered as the case group, and also a similar number of healthy children who were brought by their parents to check up on the basis of clinical and laboratory to the Amirkola infectious clinic were the control group. Their gender and acute or chronic symptoms were recorded. Data were analyzed using the statistical software SPSS V18, descriptive statistics and Chi-square test, and the significant level was set at less than 0.05.
Findings: There were 88 children who were 42 boys (47.7%) and 46 girls (52.3%), respectively. The mean age of the children in this study was 5.97±3.75 years. Among the patients, 14 patients (15.9%) had positive H. pylori infection, and 74 patients (84.1%) had negative H. pylori infection. Among the positive ITP patients 13 patients (29.5%) had acute thrombocytopenic purpura and 31 patients (70.5%) had chronic thrombocytopenic purpura. There was no significant association between the case and control groups with gender (P=0.99). Also, H.pylori had no significant difference between two groups (P=0.77).
Discussion & According to the results of this study, H. pylori infection has no relationship with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

This study investigated the electrocatalytic oxidation of amoxicillin on the surface of carbon paste electrode modified with synthesized nano zeolite which was doped with nickel ion in the basic solution. This electrode functions as a sensor to determine amoxicillin.
At first, the percentage of nano zeolite via carbon paste and the flotation of the modified electrode in the nickel chloride solution (1.0 M) for determination of drug were optimized. Then, the determination of amoxicillin in the 0.1 NaOH was conducted using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamprometry techniques.
Findings: Obtained results show that the produced NiOOH on the surface of modified electrode acts as an electrocatalyst for the oxidation of amoxicillin. The linear dynamic range and the limit of detection for amoxicillin determination via the proposed electrode were 8.2* 10-5 M - 2.46* 10-4 M and 2.3*10-5 M. The catalytic rate constant for the electro-oxidation of amoxicillin was obtained 4.2*105 cm3s-1mol-1.
Discussion & Finally obtained results reveal that introduced procedure was simple, fast, available, repeatable, and sensetive.

Indicators assessment due to the importance of efficiency analysis and economic exploitation of resources has always been an important issue. This research was applied to simultaneity evaluation of three key indicators using the Pabon lasso model.
This analytical descriptive research was a cross sectional and retrospective study. Hospitals of Isfahan Province including 43 centers included affiliated and non-affiliated to university of medical Sciences were statistical society in this research. Data related to the activity of the centers during 2012-2015 were collected by referring to Vice Treatment of Isfahan University of medical sciences and main indicators including bed occupancy rate, mean length of stay and bed turnover rate were calculated. The obtained data were analyzed and compared using excels software and Pabon lasso chart.
Findings: Between research hospitals, there were 9 (20.9%) hospitals in zone III of the Pabon lasso chart (efficient zone) in 2012. There were 8 (18.6 %) hospitals in zone III in 2013. There were 10 (23.3%) hospitals in zone III in 2014.There were 16 (37.2 %) hospitals in zone III in 2015.
Discussion & In years after the reform in health system, numbers of efficient centers increased and numbers of deficient centers decreased. Increasing was more in affiliated centers to university of medical Sciences and change in private centers was opposite. This increasing in university centers of the Isfahan were from first year (2014) and in university hospitals out of centers of Isfahan were from second year (2015) after the reform in health system. Numbers of centers in zone IV did not change.

Cardiovascular diseases are the main causes of deaths throughout the world. There are many different risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in relation to demographical parameters in young adults in Ilam in 2012.
Totally, 372 young adults aged 14-20 were enrolled in this descriptive-analytical study using cluster sampling method. The demographical data were collected using a standard questionnaire and data were analyzed using SPSS package.
Findings: The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, blood pressure, smoking was %1.9 - %0.3 - %1.1 and %1.1 respectively. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, FBS and Uric acid were significantly higher among the male individuals than the female. Systolic blood pressure and lipid profile increased with increasing the obesity parameters. There was a significant relationship between the sera cholesterol level, Uric acid and father's education. There was also a significant relationship between the mother's job and sera Uric acid level.
Discussion & The prevalence of high blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, lipid profile, and obesity parameters were lower than that of other studies throughout the world.