فصلنامه علوم روانشناختی
پیاپی 63 (پاییز 1396)

Constructive thinking defined as an ability to problem solving of daily problems with lowest stress. Researchers have also emphasized the relationship between self-control and aggressive impulse resistance, health behaviors, high life satisfaction and low stress. In addition, one of the most important factors in life satisfaction is perceived low stress. The present research question is whether self-control and constructive thinking play a mediating role in the relationship between perceived stress and satisfaction with life. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of mediator of self-control and constructive thinking in relation to perceived stress with satisfaction-of-life among Shazand Petrochemical workers. Correlation research design applied in this study, and the data analyzed using Pearson correlation and hierarchical regression coefficients. The statistical population consisted of all 4000 Shazand Petrochemical workers, 250 of which were self-control scale(SCS) (Tangeny, Baymister and Bowen, 2004), constructive thinking (CTI) (Epstein and Mayer, 1989), Perceived Stress (PSS) (Cohen, Kamarck and Marpalstein, 1983), and Satisfaction with life (SWLS) (Diner, Emmons, Larsen and Griffin, 1985). The findings suggest that the role of mediator of self-control and adaptive styles of thinking in the relationship between perceived stress and life satisfaction is significant (p

There are a direct correlation among psychological hardiness, mental health and psychological well-being. It is an internal resistance source that reduce the negative stresses and prevent outbreak of Physical and mental disorders. Also, psychological well-being is associated directly with better health, the increase of job satisfaction and the decrease of absence from work. The aim of this study was to promote psychological hardiness and psychological well-being of bus drivers in the city of Tehran. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest control group design. In order to carry out this research, 204 bus drivers of the buses company in Tehran who were introduced by this company to participate in a training course, were selected according to the convenience sampling procedure, and were then randomly assigned to ten groups who received the trainings of anger and driving management, effective communication, and stress management. The instruments were Mental Health Inventory- 28 and Hardiness Inventory. In order to collect the data, the participants were asked to answer the questionnaires during pre and post-test stages. The data were analysed by multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures design and dependent t-test. The results of two subscales of mental health showed significant differences between the means of pretest and posttest scores (P0.005, t= -1.48). In other words, the training course could not be effective on the promotion of psychological hardiness.

Participation in regular physical activity is essential for promoting mental and physical well-being. Researchers find that one of the reasons for withdraw from physical activity is burnout, which is the result of stress resulting in severe physical needs, psychological and emotional arise. To predict burnout, the issue is whether the passion to physical activity can play a role on it? So, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between type of passion and athletic burnout in the physical education students of Tehran University. The study population was composed of all students at Tehran University, which 173 volunteer completed questionnaires. The research method was correlation. The instruments used included a demographic questionnaire, Passion Scale of Vallerand et all 2011) and athletic burnout questionnaire (ABQ) Raedek and Smith (2003). In this study, according to the normal distribution of data, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the data at a significance level of P≤0/05. The results showed that obsessive passion has significant relationship with all subscales of athlete burnout (with emotional and physical exhaustion 0/50, with reduced sense of accomplishment 0/23, and with Devaluation 0/26). On the other hand, there are no significant relation between harmonious passion with dimensions of burnout. According to the results, athletes who have obsessive passion about their activities are more likely to experience an athletic burnout, and there are few possibilities for athletes with harmonious enthusiasm to experience burnout.

According to Daniel McAdams’s (2004) modern developments in Erikson’s traditional standpoint, the Developmental Task of Middle Age is The Equilibrium between Generativity and Stagnation. In the current study, the relationship between the Big Five Personality Traits and Personality Development in Middle age (Generativity - Stagnation) has been investigated. It has also been attempted to study the contribution of these Big Five Personality Traits in the prediction of Generativity and Stagnation. The sample includes 300 people (include 150 male and 150 female) have been chosen from among Education Ministry Offices of Hamedan selected by multiple-stage Cluster Sampling method. Loyola Generativity Scale (LGS) (1992) and Bradley Based Stagnation Scale (BBS) (1997) and brief form of Neo Personality Inventory (NEO) (1992) were used for data gathering. For data analysis, Pearson correlation and Regression were used. The results of correlation analysis indicated that there was a negative relation between the personality trait of “Neuroticism” and “Generativity” (P

One of the major defects in children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, is psychological disturbance of executive functions. It is almost impossible to discuss the problems of children, regardless of attitudes, behavioral and parenting practices. However, psychologists and theorists emphasize the role of parents and parenting practices, the lack of research on child-rearing practices and child psychiatry is significant.Therefore, This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parenting styles and self-control executive functions Planning-Organization in children with Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder was. The research design was correlational prediction (regression). The study population was the whole student population, which referred to the Atiyeh Psychiatric Clinic. The samples that were selected, including 50 primary school students (15 girls and 35 boys) Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder were. In order to diagnose Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder, after receiving the diagnosis according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders by a psychiatrist, parents of children questionnaires Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) (Achenbach, 1991) completed and children to determine the type of Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder under review Integration Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA PLUS) (Sandford & Turner, 2001) were used. Tools and other materials for children Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) (Wechsler,1974), Parenting Style and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) (Robinson, Mandleco, Olsen, & Hart, 2000), Cognitive Assessment System (CAS) (Naglieri & Das, 1997) and Selfcontrol Rating Scale (SCRS) (Kendall & Wilcox, 1979), respectively. Hypotheses were tested using regression analysis. Results showed that mother's parenting styles, Authoritarian style only meaningful contribution in the prediction variance explanation of its executive functions Planning Organization. As well as the mother's parenting styles, only Permissive style meaningful contribution in the prediction self-control and its variance. Parenting styles predicted significant role in organizing and selfcontrol variables do not have executive functions Planning. According to the study it can be concluded that children with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder whose mothers had been more Authoritarian, better performance in executive functions were organized planning. As well as children with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder that their mothers were more permissive, had more self-control.

Many studies have been carried out on the positive impact of metacognitive strategies on improving the comprehension of students. But whether teaching metacognitive strategies is effective on metacognitive knowledge and awareness of distance education students is unknown. Aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Metacognitive Strategies of SQP4R (1387) on Metacognitive Awareness in students of Payame Noor University. The research design of the study was Pretest - Posttest Randomized Group Design. To accomplish the stated aims, 30 students (15 male, 15 female) from Payame Noor University were chosen by Multistage Cluster Sampling method in the city of Hamedan. The instrument used in this study included Metacognitive Awareness Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI) Mokhtari, K. & Reichard, C.A. (2002). To analyze the data, multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) has been used. The results showed significant positive effectiveness of Metacognitive Strategies of SQP4R in increasing Metacognitive Awareness of the experiment group (p

Childhood malignancies could affect the children’s psychological life and cause problems in socialization. There are many researches that illustrate the effect of music therapy in different aspects of children’s life such as isolation and etc, there is no report about the effect of Iranian music. The aim of this research was to examine the effect of active music therapy with Iranian rhythms on reducing social problems in 5 children with cancer while accomplished an as a case study project in semi- experimental design as a time series design Thus we selected 5 children among 40 children who had preliminary conditions of participating in this study and their parent filled in the CBCL (Minaii,1390). These 5 children were high in subscale social problems. They participated in 8 treatments session and administrated the CBCL after forth session and last session as a post tests. Data were analyzed with repeated measure and results were extracted for all subscales. In summary results(sig 0.005) showed that using the Iranian rhythms in active music therapy can reduce the social problems in children with cancer.

Motivational interview is a referential and guidance approach to reinforce and enhance the intrinsic motivation for change through discovery, identification of solving doubt and ambivalence. Among the factors that have attracted more attention from researchers in the field of motivational interviewing are problem solving styles and self-efficacy that these variables have been less studied in female students. The aim of present paper is to study the effectiveness of motivational interviewing on the academic self-efficacy and problem solving of female students [ninth grade of high school] in Kerman. The statistical population of this paper includes the female students of this educational grade. Of this number, 30 of them were randomly selected and they were divided into two groups as control and test ones [about 15 individuals for each of them]. These two groups [before and after the learning process] answered two questionnaires "Heppner’s problem solving [1998]" and "Morgan’s academic self-efficacy [1997]", respectively. For the test group, how to fulfill the motivational interviewing was done in four weekly sessions [about two hours] and the control group did not receive any plan. For data analysis, the statistical methods such as frequency, percentage, average, mean, standard deviation, co-variance analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and co-variance analysis were used. The results showed that learning the motivational interviewing affected meaningful in level of p

According to prevalence of high substances and it is amount of relapse is one of the biggest concern of society. Is it possible prediction relapse according to factor of psychological? The purpose of this research is prediction of relapse substance based on belief of metacognition. The method of this research is a kind of correlation. From available sampling selected 300 patients that include 150 patients who have relapse substance (75 patients who treated by MMT methadone method therapy and 75 patients who treated by BMTbuprenorphine method therapy) and 150 patients that who didn’t have relapse substance and both of group (relapse and didn’t relapse) similar to each other and completed questionnaire of belief of metacognition. Data of this research from analyze variance, correlation of Pearson and regression in way of logistic with use SPSS software analyze and resolution. Result of thisbelief of metacognition 24% from possibility of relapse substance. (significance level 0.046). So attention to disorganized emotion regulation and disarranged belief of metacognitive in patient who have substance. seems to treatment based onbelief metacognitive prevented from relapse patients during treatment period.