مجله پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز
سال سی و نهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 129، امرداد و شهریور 1396)

stress changes the behaviors due to variation in the central neurotransmitters, especially serotonin. Since, imipramine including effective drugs on brain serotonergic system, this study was aimed to evaluation the role of serotonergic system in behavior response to stress and depression.

This study was conducted on 30 male rats in Institute. Animals were randomly divided into five groups: controls, under immobilization stress, the Imipramine-treated (30mg/kg) group, the Cyproheptadine-treated (4mg/kg) group and the Imipramineପ殢ឩ떧抝treated group. Immobilization stress was induced in rats by limiting. At the end of treatment, the tail suspension test was used to assess the depression-like behavior, lipid peroxidation and catalase activity in the treated groups were studied.

Immobilization stresses were significantly increased immobility time and lipid peroxidation, reduced catalase activity compared to the control groups. Administration of imipramine or cyproheptadine alone was more effective in reducing the immobility time compared to the coadministration of these drugs. Administrations of imipramine or cyproheptadine were non-significantly reduced lipid peroxidation. While administrations of imipramine were significantly increased catalase activity compared to the cyproheptadine groups. Administrations of imipramine or cyproheptadine drugs alone were more effective in reducing oxidative stress factors.

Immobilization stress caused like-depression behavior with the induction oxidative damage, but administration of imipramine or cyproheptadine to improve stress-induced like-depression behavior. According to these drugs, including drugs that affect the serotonergic system, thought to be, these drugs is exert their effects through the serotonergic receptors.

Emerging resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics among gram negative bacteria limits their usage. This study was done to determine the frequency of ESBLs producers and presence of CTX-M3 family gene (including CTX-M 3, 15, 22 subfamily) in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from different clinical specimens in Sina Hospital, Tabriz

71 isolates of E. coli and 63 K. pneumoniae were isolated from different clinical specimens sent to Division of Microbiology, Sina Hospital, Tabriz, Iran. Bacteria were identified by conventional phenotypic methods. ESBL production in E. coli and K. pneumoniae was first detected with combined disc method using Mueller-Hinton agar and later presence of CTX-M3 family gene was detected by PCR technique.

In this study, 41 (57.74%) E.coli and 45 (71.42%) K. pneumoniae isolates were observed as ESBL producers. Among them, 30 (73.17%) E. coli and 26 (57.77%) K.pneumoniae were found carrying CTX-M3 gene. Among various antibiotics used for ESBL detection, highest resistance towards cefpodoxime (92%) was observed in E.coli, while in K.pneumoniae 90% isolates show resistance towards cefpodoxime and azterornam.

Our study revealed that there is a high frequency of ESBLs producing isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae in our hospital set up. The problem elucidates the importance of designing more controlled surveillance of antibiotic resistance and need for large-scale epidemiologic studies to identify outcomes of the ESBL-production in gram negative bacilli.

One of the nanobiotechnology concepts is application of bio systems for production of nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles have shown many useful applications especially in medicine. Fungi are the best candidates for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles because of their ability to produce large amount of enzymes. The aim of this study was bioproduction of gold nanoparticles using Penicillium chrysogenum and its antibacterial impact on four common pathogenic bacteria was determined.

Penicillium chrysogenum species isolated from effluent of Isfahan Foulad Mobarake factory. The biomasses of fungi were incubated with HAuCl4 solution in a shaker-incubator for 72 hr, and gold nanoparticles were produced. Production of gold nanoparticles was evaluated by UV-vis spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Also antibacterial effect of nanoparticles and fungi extract on 4 pathogenic bacteria including Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus areus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, and Escherichia coli was studied. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of the nanoparticles against mentioned bacteria were determined by microdilution method.

Synthesis of gold nanoparticles was confirmed by observing the characteristic peak at 532 nm using UV-vis spectroscopy. The XRD analysis also demonstrated that the nanoparticles are in the form of nanocrystaline. Also, it was shown that Penicillium chrysogenum produces intracellular gold nanoparticles in spherical and triangular shapes.

Fungus Penicillium chrysogenumis able to produce intracellular gold nanoparticles in the size range of 50-200 nm.

Streptomyces levis is a member of Actinomycetes family. Chemical compounds extracted from this bacterium have been used as antibiotics, anti-tumoral, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antiviral, anticancer factors. The purpose of this study‚ was to investigate different metabolites of Streptomyces strains isolated from north west soils, of Iran and antimicrobial effects of them.

The soil samples were taken from north west of Iran in 2010. The isolated bacteria were purified and identified by conventional methods. The metabolites of this bacterium were extracted by 7 different solvents (diethyl ether, dichloromethane, hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, methanol and water). The antimicrobial effects of metabolites were tested by disk agar diffusion method on Gram-positive and Gram- negative bacteria. The metabolites with antibacterial effects were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Metabolites produced from diethyl ether solvent affected Gram- positive and Gram- negative strains and 15 different compounds identified in the active metabolite of the bacterium. The main ingredients were: Docosanoic acid, methyl ester (11.578%), 9-12-octadecadienoic acid (2.961%), 5-Tetracosenois acid, methyl ester (8.389%), Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (2.153%), and D-alpha-Tocopherol (0.959%).

Results of this study showed that docosanoic acid, methyl ester (11.578%) and 5-tetracosenois acid methyl ester (8.389%), were the main metabolites of Streptomyces levis isolated from north west soils of Iran. Antimicrobial effects of extracts could be due to the presence of 1, 2-benzene dicarboxylic acid diisooctyl ester compounds and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in the metabolite.

Distal radius fractures are the most common fractures of upper limbs in adults and their treatment in older patients is difficult. There are different therapeutic methods. In this study we aim to compare the therapeutic outcome of distal radius fractures treated with pin-in plaster and percutaneous pinning in older patients.

In this randomized clinical trial, 60 old patients including 40 female and 20 male between 60-85 years old with distal radius fractures were evaluated in two groups of pin-in plaster (n=30) and percutaneous pinning (n=30) for treatment outcome, radiographic changes, functional outcome and pain during 6 month after surgery.

Pin-in plaster group compared to percutaneous pinning had significantly better radiologic findings at the end of 6 month. Excellent functional results after 6 weeks were observed in 30% and 23.3% of pin-in plaster and percutaneous pinning groups, respectively (p=0.84), six months after surgery, excellent functional outcome were significantly higher in pin-in plaster group (83.3% vs. 50%, p=0.006). Being painless has no significant difference between groups after 6 weeks (43.3% vs. 56.7%, p=0.54), however it was significantly higher in pin-plaster group after 6 months (93.3% vs. 50%, p=0.002).

Pin-in plaster method compared to percutaneous pinning had acceptable radiologic and functional outcome in old patients over 60 years old. Using this method as a simple method with high efficacy in treatment of distal radius fractures is recommended.

The measurement of color Doppler ultrasonographic indices, such as resistive index (RI) can help in the evaluation of a transplanted kidney. This study sought to examine correlation between color Doppler ultrasonographic indices and serum creatinine levels before and after renal transplantation.

A total of 100 patients with end stage renal disease undergoing kidney transplantation were enrolled in this study. Serum creatinine levels was measured before transplantation, on day 5 and at the end of the third month after transplantation. Central and peripheral RI values of the transplanted kidney were also documented on day 5 an month 3 posttransplantation.

Creatinine level at the end of third month had positive correlation with central (r=0.27 and p=0.007) and peripheral RI values (r=0.26 and p=0.009) in day 5 after transplantation. There was also a significant positive correlation between the serum level of creatinine at the end of the third month and central (r=0.50 and p

Both peripheral and central RI values on day 5 can be used for predicting malfunctioning transplanted kidney.

Obesity results in a chronic inflammatory state leading to long term adverse effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate effect of low calorie diet and weight loss on serum level of inflammatory markers in patients with fatty liver disease in Iranian population.

In a clinical trial, 40 patients with fatty liver disease in Gastro-hepathology clinic of Tabriz Imam Reza hospital were introduced to receive a low calorie diet.Serum level of proinflammatory factors (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and Hs-CRP) were measured and compared before and after an 8 week trial of diet.

The mean age of the patients was 45.36±10.51 years (range: 23-70). Nine (22.5%) patients were male and 41 (77.5%) was females. The mean value of weight and body mass index of participants decreased significantly after 8 weeks (a mean decrease of 6.47± 3.40 percent in weight). Weight loss in men was significantly more than women. The mean level of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and Hs-CRP was significantly decreased after weight loss in both men and women. There was no correlation between amount of weight loss withdegree of decrease ininflammatory markers. Decrease of TNF-α was significantly more in younger patients.

Weight loss with low calorie diet can decrease the level of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and Hs-CRP of patients with fatty liver during 8 weeks independent from gender and degree of weight loss.

Sprint training by more using fast twitch fibers and likely changes in muscle phenotype, can be effective in improving performance of older people. The purpose of this study was evaluating effect of eight weeks Sprint Interval Training (SIT) on myogenin rate in wistar aged rats fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscles.

A total of twenty aged wistar rats with average weight of 489±72/43 (gr) were prepared and after one week familiarization with the laboratory conditions, were randomly divided into two groups: training (n=10) and control (n=10). SIT Training was included incremental and intermittent running on treadmill that performed three-four times in the week for eight weeks. Then were isolated the soleus and Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) muscles. Finally, we used western blot method to measure protein changes in the muscle tissue and t-test evaluating the information.

The results showed that although myogenin increased in both types of muscles but increasing was higher in fast muscle. So that in the EDL muscle, it significantly increased more than two times (99%), whereas increased only 1/3 times (29%) in the soleus muscle and changes were not significant) P

So fast-twitch muscle is targeted by this study protocol likely. Accordingly, myogenin was higher in the EDL muscle. On the other hand, this increasing probably due to the phenotype changes of muscle fibers or as a result of muscle hypertrophy.