مجله پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز
سال چهل و یکم شماره 1 (پیاپی 139، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1398)

Angiogenesis plays a critical role in tumor growth; on the other hand, regular exercise training plays an important role in tumor growth inhibition in breast cancer patients. Due to the key role of angiopoietin-1 and tie2 protein in the angiogenesis of tumor, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of continuous endurance training on angiopoietin-1 gene expression and the tie2 protein in mice with breast cancer. Twelve BALB/c mice were cancerous (subcutaneous injection of MC4-L2 to right side), and randomly were assigned into two control without activity (n=6) and continuous endurance training (n=6) groups. Each exercise session consisted of 60 minutes of running at 60-65% VO2max intensity, which was performed five days a week for 10 weeks. 24 hours after the last training session, mice were killed and tumor tissue was separated, and then angiopoitin-1 gene expression was measured by Real-Time PCR method. Also tie2 protein was measured by western blot method. Continuous endurance training significantly decreased angiopoitin-1 gene expression (p=0.001) and protein tie2 (p=0.001) than to control group. Also, tumor size significantly was lesser in the endurance training than control group after 10 week exercise training (p=0.011). Continuous endurance training in mice with breast cancer can inhibit some of the factors angiogenesis and indirectly have positive impact on the breast cancer inhibition, and this type of training can be used as a method therapeutic for breast cancer.

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of eight-week aerobic exercise with moderate intensity and consumption of curcumin on TNF-α and Medium-term memory in 60-65 years old women with syndrome metabolic. 44 women with metabolic syndrome (MetS) voluntarily took part in the present study. Participants were randomly divided in 4 groups of MetS exercise+ Curcumin (MECU), MetS exercise (ME), MetS Curcumin (MCU), MetS control (MC). During the first week MECU group and ME participated in three sets of ten-minute aerobic exercise training with treadmill (AT) also they have 5 minute rest part between the sets. One minute was added to the duration of exercise sets weekly basis. Blood samples and memory test were conducted before and after eight -week. TNF-α level was measured by ELISA method and memory test were conduct with Picture recall test. To analyze the data, researcher made use of One-Way ANOVA, paired-sample t-test with the significance level of (P≤0.05). After eight -week interventions TNF-α significantly decreased (P≤0.05). Also Medium-term memory significantly increased (P≤0.05). These findings indicate eight –week interventions induce to increase Medium-term memory and maybe this increasing relative to decreasing in TNF-α level and ameliorate in metabolic syndromes factors.

Many methods have been used to prevent acute postoperative renal complication in cardiac surgery, with various results. The purpose of the present study was to compare ascorbic acid versous isotonic sodium bicarbonate in the prevention of acute postoperative renal complication in adult cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). In a clinical trial, 150 adult patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery using CPB, enrolled to this study in three ascorbic acid, sodium bicarbonate and placebo groups (each group=50). During surgery, 1000 ml of normal saline was infused in a 2 hours period that contain ascorbic acid 500mg, sodium bicarbonate 8.4% 75 ml or saline alone, respectively. Invasive hemodynamic and urinary output monitoring was done intra and post-operatively. An increase more than 0.5mg/dl or more than 25% in basic plasma creatinine (Cr) or decrease more than 25% in basic glomerular filtration rate (GFR), was considered as acute kidney injury (AKI). An increase or decrease of more than 50% in basic Cr or GFR, respectively, was considered as acute renal failure (ARF). Data were analyzed using X2, student t-test and ANOVA tests. AKI and ARF were occurred in 36 and 9 patients, respectively (P=0.043 and P=0.001, respectively), those were lesser in ascorbic acid group The renal protective effect of the ascorbic acid occurred for longer period than bicarbonate. Comparing to sodium bicarbonate and placebo groups, ascorbic acid is more effective in prevention of the acute postoperative renal complication in adult cardiac surgery using CPB.

Cystic fibrosis is the most common genetic disease in white populations. Regard to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and exocrine glands disorders, increased risk of hearing loss in these patients should be considered. In this descriptive study, 47 children with cystic fibrosis selected and For all of patients, complete ear, mouth, throat and nose examinations and audiometric tests and assessment of hearing loss (conductive, sensorineural and mixed) and tympanometric test was performed. Hearing loss defined as decreased hearing from normal, more than 15 db in two frequencies or more than two frequencies between 250 HZ to 8000 HZ. Audiometric tests show that overall prevalence of hearing loss was 17.02 %, 10.6 % was sensorineural and 6.4% conductive. This study revealed that there was high prevalence of hearing loss, which makes cyctic fibrosis patients in high risk group which needs periodic assessment by an otolaryngologist.

Increased secretion of Resistin impaired the insulin function and glucose metabolism, and also Vaspin had an impact on insulin resistance and can play an anti-inflammatory role. This study aimed to investigate the effects of eight weeks anaerobic interval training on serum levels of Resistin and Vaspin and Insulin Resistance. This quasi-experimental study included obese men with type-2 diabetes that 28 people of them were selected and divided into two group Control and Experimental (n=14). The experimental group performed anaerobic interval exercises for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week. The blood samples were collected from all the subjects before and after 8 weeks. The assumptions of homogeneity of the slope of the regression line and also the linearity of the relationship between the scores before and after the practice is used and after the confirmation, Covariance analysis test is used (The significance level was considered p≤0/05). The anaerobic interval training has significantly reduce Vaspin (p= <0.0001, f=43.243), Resistin (p=<0.0001, f=40.957) and Insulin Resistance (p=< 0.001, f= 52.024). The anaerobic interval training by weight loss and body fat percentage reduction, leading to significant reduction in serum Resistin and Vaspin and also Insulin resistance, therefore it can be used as a complementary therapy for obese patients and patients with type-2 diabetes.

Density gradient centrifugation (DGC) and Zeta procedures are used for separation of normal sperm for treatment of infertility. Previous studies showed that Zeta method was more efficient in separation of normal sperm with intact chromatin compared to DGC. In this study, we aimed to compare postacrosomal sheath WW domain-binding protein (PAWP) protein as one of the factors involved to oocyte activation between two methods. Semen samples were collected from 23 men with normal sperm parameters (concentration, motility and morphology) according to World Health Organization criteria. Semen samples were washed with VitaSperm media and each sample were divided into three groups; control, DGC and Zeta. The percentage and intensity of PAWP were assessed by flow cytometry for each group. In addition, localization of PAWP in spermatozoa was detected by immunostaining procedure. Percentage of PAWP-positive spermatozoa was significantly higher in separated spermatozoa from DGC procedure in comparison with control and Zeta groups (P<0.001), while intensity of PAWP was significantly (P<0.001) higher in separated spermatozoa from Zeta method in comparison with control and DGC procedures. PAWP appear to be localized mainly in equatorial segment and post acrosome sheath of sperm head in all the groups. The Zeta method could separate low percentage of PAWP-positive spermatozoa compared to DGC method but such sperm appear higher intensity of PAWP than DGC. Therefore, separated spermatozoa by Zeta method possibly has better chance in activation of oocyte. However, further studies are needed to confirm this result.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the prevalent diseases in joints that the Knee joint is the most frequently involved than other joint. Its been shown that these patients get quadriceps muscles weakness deficits in knee. The aim of this study is evaluation of the effect of isokinetic exercise on knee pain, stifiness and the function of joint knee in patients with knee osteoarthritis. In this clinical traits studytrial 30 women ranging from 45-65 with average knee osteoarthritis were studied in two groups of control and introversion according to America Society of Rheumatology criteria. The control group received the routine protocol treatment of knee osteoarthritis physiotherapy. The case group (as isokinetic training group) in addition to routine protocol received isokinetic training. The rate of the patients’ pain was measured by McGill pain questionnaire and their function by WOMAC questionnaire before and after implementation workouts. All parameters in both isokinetic exercises and physiotherapy groups, improved after treatment process.(P<0.05). While comparsion of variation in intergroups/ between groups showed which isokinetic exercises along with physiotherapy treatment have good function in improvment and intensity of pain reduction compare of physiotherapy treatmentand (P < 0.001, P<0.001 and P=0.008). The increase of isokinetic exercises to physiotherapy treatment significantly enhanced functional and reduced patient’s knee pain compared to patients that are treated with physiotherapy.

Jaundice is a relatively common finding in newborns and deficiency of pyruvate kinase (PK) in Emden Meyerhoff pathway of glycolysis in Erythrocytes can be one of the etiologic factors in its pathogenesis. It is responsible for hereditary non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia. In this study the prevalence of PK deficiency was determined in newborns with jaundice in East Azerbaijan province, Iran. In a five month period in 2014, among all the newborns admitted to the neonatal ward of Children's Hospital of Tabriz Medical University, those with non-conjugated hyperbilirubinemia were included in this study. Routine Lab. results were collected from hospital records. PK activity was determined by Coupled Enzyme Assay by using ELISA technique. Pyruvate kinase normal range was determined in 30 umbilical cord blood samples of healthy normal newborns. A reduction more than 60% of the mean normal value labeled as deficiency. Common PK-LR gene mutations were studied by PCR-RFLP method Two hundred neonates with indirect hyperbillirubinemia, out of a total 1750 admitted newborns were included. Lab. normal mean and range of PK activities were detected as 4.1 and 3.52-8.45 mili-unit/ml (mU/ml) respectively. In 32 out of 200 (16%) of jaundiced neonates, a decrease in PK activity was detected (mean 1.98± 0.24mU/ ml).Meanwhile only 4 out of 200 neonates (2%) were G6PD deficient. Sixteen out of 32 PK deficient patients (50%) were heterozygous for G1529A PK-LR gene mutation, while the G1168A mutation was not detected in our patients. A relatively high prevalence of PK deficiency was found in our newborns with jaundice in East Azerbaijan province, Iran. So PK deficiency should be considered in the differential diagnosis of newborns with jaundice. Further detailed molecular studies are recommended.

Irisin is a new myokine that has a beneficial effects of exercise on energy metabolism. However, irisin response to different intensities of endurance training is not completely understood. In the current experimental study, 18 male Wistar rats were fed a high-fat diet and 6 rats were nourished a standard diet for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, obese rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: high-intensity training (34 m/min ~85% VO2max), moderate-intensity training (28 m/min ~70% VO2max) and control. Exercise groups trained 5 days/week for 12 weeks on a rodent treadmill. Serum irisin level and gene expression changes were measured using ELISA and Real Time-PCR method, respectively. In high and moderate-intensity endurance training expression of PGC1-α (P=0.001 and P=0.001), FNDC5 (P=0.013 and P=0.049) and UCP1 (P=0.001 and P=0.001) were significantly more than the control group. Serum irisin level only after high-intensity training was more than the control group (P=0.014). A positive correlation was observed between serum irisin and UCP1 in both of high (P=0.017) and moderate-intensity (P=0.046) training groups. High-intensity endurance training has a positive effect on the level of serum irisin. Also, there is a positive correlation between irisin and UCP1 gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue. However, irisin isn’t the only factor affecting on exercise-induced UCP1 gene expression.

The nature is a rich source of medicinal compounds in plants. Some of them are hidden in plants. Pumpkin seeds have long been used in Traditional medicine of many countries. Due to the unavailability of sufficient scientific evidence on the effects of this substance on the liver and kidneys, this study was designed. In this experimental study, 40 rats immature Wistar (in the range of weight 10 ± 180 g and the age of 60 days) and divided into 5 groups of 8 animals: three experimental groups, control and sham groups. Extract the experimental groups (20, 50, 100 mg dose of pumpkin seed extract kg) was injected intraperitoneally for 21 consecutive days. One day after the last injection blood samples from rats to evaluate serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, total protein, albumin, bilirubin, uric acid, creatinine and liver and kidney were removed for histological studies. No significant changes in serum levels of ALT, AST, total protein, albumin, bilirubin, uric acid, creatinine compared was found in experimental group. The serum ALP 3 in the experimental group had a significant decrease. Totally, no changes were observed in liver tissue but the diameter of the Boman's capsule and the glomerulus and kidney cortex in the experimental group had a significant decrease. Extract of pumpkin seeds has been able to significantly reduce the serum ALP and as well as on kidney tissue to reduce the diameter of glomeruli and Bowman's capsule and the cortex.

Patient safety has become one of the main concerns of healthcare provider organizations, given that it is one of the basic principles of health care; because the error in the care process can sometimes lead to injury or even death. The present study aimed to investigate the patient safety culture from the viewpoint of nurses working in Sina Tabriz Educational Center in 2017. The present descriptive-correlation study with simple random sampling was conducted to assess the nurses' view using a standard and validated questionnaire and HSOPSC (hospital survey on patient safety culture) in 12 dimensions. The average percentage of positive responses to dimensions of the safety culture was 56.85%. The mean score of "Teamwork within the ward" with the highest score were 82.22% and the average "Transfer and shift in hospital" in the hospital with the lowest score was 28.15%. There was a significant reverse relationship between safety culture and work experience in the hospital (P<0.01, r=-.480)‏. Reporting errors with a non-reciprocal response approach and encouraging self-reporting errors in order to correct processes need for culture is more than ever. Considering the positive impact of hospital management on the development of the dimensions of the safety culture and the removal of barriers to patient safety, it is necessary that the problems associated with each dimension of safety culture are identified and low safety culture dimensions are promoted.

Bacterial infections on the initiation or escalation, play a role in MS, and reports of the involvement of ‎mycoplasma with worldwide distribution in these patients‏.‏‎ Mycoplasma with the host cell membrane ‎to mimic the autoimmune attack and the other macrolide antibiotics have become resistant to the first ‎treatment. The purpose of this research was to identify mutations causing resistance to tetracycline in ‎mycoplasmas isolated from patients with MS Kerman province. A total of 32 samples of cerebrospinal fluid and 48 samples of urine results in a non-random sampling of ‎patients with MS prepared and enrich one night in PPLO broth, were gathered during a‎ 7 weeks of ‎continuous cultivation in PPLO broth and agar. DNA was extracted from positive examples to identify ‎the type of bacteria (Nested-PCR) and was used tetracycline resistant (rrs3 and rrs4) of 16SrRNA the ‎method (Duplex-PCR), as well as was performed nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic tree. Growth was observed in 12 cases, but after (Nested-PCR), only 5 samples were detected (1 sample of ‎cerebrospinal fluid and urine samples 4) mycoplasma. But In (Duplex-PCR), to show only urine ‎samples, alleles‏. The phylogenetic was found to have mutated alleles at different points, but for a definitive answer to ‎the resistance to tetracycline, additional research is required. Based on the findings, have mutated ‎alleles has the potential to tetracycline resistance.

Overuse of beta lactam antibiotics have led to emergence of Extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLS). Production of these enzymes can cause resistance against third generation cephalosporins and hydrolysis of monobactams. Treatments of infectious diseases are difficult and in spite of antimicrobial chemotherapy, there are still some difficulties. This study was conducted to investigate antibiotic susceptibility of and search for presence of blaCTX-M-1 gene in clinical E. coli isolates collected from central laboratory of Tabriz. One hundred E. coli isolates were collected from central laboratory of Tabriz. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out according to Kirby- Bauer method using amoxicillin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, imipenem, gentamicin and nitrofurantoin antibiotics. Confirmatory tests were also performed using combined disk test. Finally PCR was used for detecting blaCTX-M-1gene. Seventeen out of 100 E. coli isolates contained blaCTX-M-1 gene. All of the isolates were sensitive to nitrofurantoin, while 79% of our isolates were resistant to amoxicillin and 82% were recorded an ESBL producers. Seventeen percent of E. coli isolates contained blaCTX-M-1gene as a group of ESBL gene indicating presence of other groups of ESBL producing genes which require further studies.