مجله پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز
سال چهلم شماره 5 (پیاپی 137، آذر و دی 1397)

Spices with ability to accumulation of heavy metals grown in various regions of the world have been used for several purposes such as flavorings and condiments for culinary and even use as drugs for patient's treatment since ancient times. Therefore, this study was carried out to analysis and assessment of health risk of Zn and Cd in cinnamon, black pepper and chili marketed in city of Hamedan in 2015.

After preparation of 18 specimens of each spices and acid digestion of the samples according to standard methods, the concentration of Zn and Cd in samples were measured with the flame and graphite furnace techniques, respectively using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) in 3 replicates. Also, all statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS statistical package.

The results showed that the minimum and maximum mean concentrations of metals in spices samples for Zn (mg/kg) were 0.43±0.10 and 0.60±0.14, related to cinnamon and chili, respectively and for Cd (mg/kg) were 0.02±0.01 and 0.03±0.01, related to cinnamon and black pepper, respectively. Also the mean concentrations of metals in spices samples were lower than WHO maximum permissible limits (MPL), and health risk assessment showed that no potential risk for children and adult by consume the studied spices.

The controlled consumption of spices has not adverse effect on the consumers’ health, but due to the lack of adequate information about processing conditions, habitat adjacent to industrial areas and polluted with heavy metals, increased use of agricultural inputs, sewage sludge and wastewater by farmers, regular periodic monitoring of chemical pollutants content specially heavy metals in foodstuffs are recommended for food safety

Exposure to microgravity condition such as space, bed rest and other microgravity environments lead to several neuromuscular problems. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of four weeks endurance training under microgravity condition on serum level of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in male rats. In this regard, 36 six-week-old male Wistar rats (weight range 175 ± 15 gr) were randomly selected and divided into four groups including suspension group (n=10), endurance training group (n= 6), endurance training + suspension (n=10), control (n=10) and were examined for four weeks. To simulate microgravity condition on Earth, hind-limb suspension model was used for four weeks. After collecting blood samples from left ventricles of rats and separating serum BDNF levels were measured by ELISA kit. our results showed that serum levels of BDNF in endurance training with suspension group compare to other groups significantly increased (P<0.05). Based on the present results, it seems that endurance training under microgravity condition could reduce the neuromuscular problems induced by microgravity. Also this type of training like exercises with anti-gravity treadmills can be used for other physiological condition similar to astronauts, such as the elderly and patient on bed rest and people with spinal cord injury

Metabolic syndrome and aging are main important factors in being depress. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of eight -week aerobic exercise with moderate intensity and consumption of curcumin on IL1β and depression in 60-65 years old women with metabolic syndrome. a total of 44 women with metabolic syndrome (MetS) voluntarily took part in the present study. Participants were randomly divided in 4 groups of MetS exercise+ Curcumin (MECU), MetS exercise (ME), MetS Curcumin (MCU), MetS control (MC). During the first week MECU group and ME participated in three sets of ten-minute aerobic exercise training (AT) with treadmill (AT) also they have 5 minute rest part between the sets. One minute was added to the duration of exercise sets weekly basis. Beck depression questionnaire and blood samples were conducted before and after eight -week. IL1β was measured by ELISA method and memory test were conduct with Picture recall test. To analyze the data, researcher made use of One-Way ANOVA, paired-sample t-test with the significance level of (P≤0.05). IL1β and depression significantly decreased in three experimental groups (P≤0.05) as effects of tow-month aerobic exercise. Also there was significant change in blood pressure, waist circumferences, fat percentage, triglyceride and HDL (P≤0.05). These findings indicated that eight -week aerobic exercise leaded to a decrease in depression and amelioration in metabolic syndrome. It is also probable that depression decrease as an effect of tow-month aerobic exercise relate with IL1β decrease

Brucella is gram-negative intracellular bacterial pathogens of both humans and animals. Among the six recognized Brucella species, Brucella melitensis is the main etiologic agent involved in ovine and caprine brucellosis and is also the most pathogenic species of humans. We amplified by specific primers, two of the best outer membrane antigens Omp31 and Omp25 for this disease, and the construction of recombinant chimeric Omp31-Omp25 combination of them, with using the (EAAAK)2 linker. The sequence analysis results showed that strain Rev1 of melitensis for Omp25 antigen has most homology with the strains melitensis M16 and also Omp31 antigen showed the most homology with of B. Ovis melitensis species. Then recombinant chimera Omp31-Omp25 was cloned into Pet32a vector and transform into BL21 (DE3) host cell for expression

In this study, both acute and chronic therapeutic effects of metformin on memory retrieval and the number of intact neurons of hippocampal CA1 area in streptozotocin-induced Alzheimeric male rats were investigated. 48 Male Wistar rats weighing 220-250 g were divided into six groups: control group (saline-saline), streptozotocin group (streptozotocine-saline), treated groups with streptozotocin plus metformin for once, one week, three weeks, and eleven weeks. ICV administration of STZ (3mg/kg) was down in the first and the third day of surgery and i.p injection of metformin (200mg/kg) or saline (ml/kg) daily starting one day before surgery to the end of care period. After the memory test, the animals were killed and their brains were fixed and density of intact neurons in the CA1 area of the hippocampus was investigated. Statistical analysis was performed with software SPSS, ANOVA and software Prisme. The ICV injections of STZ significantly reduced memory retention and the number of intact neurons compared to the control group (p<0/001). The use of metformin in once, one week and three weeks improved the effects of STZ (p<0/001). But metformin in eleven weeks treatment period don’t have significant effect on memory retrieval and the number of intact neurons in hippocampal CA1 area compared to the STZ group (p>0/05). Both acute and chronic metformin uses have different effects on memory retrieval and the number of intact hippocampal CA1 area neurons

Many immunologic and inflammatory mechanisms play a role in asthma etiology. A member of a T cell immunoglobulin (Ig) domain and mucin domain (TIM) gene family, TIM-1, in 5q31-33 region is shown to be correlated with development of T helper-2 (TH2) Cells and allergic diseases. So the aim of this study was to investigate the association of the genotype and allele frequencies of the TIM-1polymorphisms with asthma and the relationships among this polymorphism to IgE levels in patients with asthma. PCR-RFLP (Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) were used for investigating the presence of TIM-1 polymorphisms in 200 asthmatic patients and 200 healthy controls. To assess the frequency of genotypes and its relationship with serum immunoglobulin E and asthma, chi-square test was used and P<0/05 was considered significant. The genotype and allele frequency of TIM-1 polymorphisms were significantly different between the patient and controls. Significant association was observed between this polymorphism and the risk of asthma. The 5529A>G, 416G>C and 5529A>G polymorphismS of TIM1 gene may be associated the susceptibility of asthma and also with total serum IgE levels

Voice is one aspect of speech. In this study, evaluation of the audio signal is used to determine the severity of the speech disorder and intelligibility. Until now, methods studied the quality of speech. In consultation with the specialists a sentence with 5 words and 8 syllables has been determined to test 80 sample random persons were randomly selected among healthy people with different age groups and gender. Unhealthy people randomly selected from among the pupils centers. Among the different grading unhealthy and speech disorders were present. The cases were 50 healthy people and 30 patients with speech disorders. Using the model proposed in this paper, an intelligent system designed base on the principles of speech and image processing for detection speech disorder. The proposed system has been tested on the different voice signals and statistical data have been extracted. The results represent a breakdown of people with an accuracy of more than 92% has been compared with the results of other reports, the result is very acceptable. The percentage of the proposed system error that leads to a repeat of the experiment is also about 7%

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of glucose supplementation on response HSP70 serum in non-athlete men after six-week exhausting endurance-intermittent training. The 18 non-athlete healthy men were randomly divided into three groups including: glucose supplementation training group (n=6) and a control group (n=6). The blood samples were collected from antecubital venous at the onset of training protocol period and after first and final training session immediately. Serum HSP70 concentration were determined by ELISA technique. Serum HSP70 values in the second posttest in three groups was 1/1 ± 8/3, 2/1 ± 9/3 and 2/1 ± 8/2 ng/ml respectively. The results Analysis of variance with repeated measures test showed the significant difference between supplement glucose-train group and placebo-train with control group(P<0.01). Also, the results showed significant difference in glucose-train between all three phases (P<0.01). Bonferroni post-hoc test showed the significant difference between pretest with post(1) and post(2) and post(1) with post(2) phase(P<0.05). Also, showed significant in train-placebo between all three phases (P<0.05). Bonferroni post-hoc test showed the significant difference between pretest with post(1) and post(1) with post(2) phase(P<0.05). Exhaustive exercise on glucose utilization adaptation with the response of HSP70 more effective than exercise alone is exhausting endurance-intermittent exhausting endurance-intermittent training with consumption glucose causes adaptation in response HSP70 than exhausting endurance-intermittent training

Jump and landing is the characteristics of most sports and one of the main mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Researchers believed mechanism-based designing the preventive exercises can possibly have a better effectiveness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of jump- landing exercise on feedforward and feedback activation of selected trunk and lower extremity muscles and performance in active females. In this quasi- experimental study, 25 active females age ranged 18-26 years were participated. The electromyography device ME6000 model and triple hop test were used for muscle activity (hamstring, quadriceps, gluteus medious and maximous in drop landing) and performance evaluation respectively. After pre test, the experimental group underwent to Herrington et al eight weeks of jump- landing exercises. After implementation of training, post test of electromyography and performance were done similar to pre test and data were statistically analysed by using independent and sample t tests. Results of paired t test revealed that the jump- landing exercises led to significant differences in feedforward and feedback activation [VM(Pff=0/002, Pfb=0.001), VL(Pff=0.001, Pfb=0.021), RF(Pff=0.004, Pfb=0.001), MH(Pff=0.001, Pfb=0.001), LH(Pff=0.001, Pfb=0.034), Gmed(Pff=0.001, Pfb=0.001) and Gmax(Pff=0.001, Pfb=0.001)] and performance(P=0.001) in experimental group from pre test to post test whereas there was no significant differences in control group. It can be concluded that jump- landing exercises with modifying and optimizing the knee stabilizer activation and in other hand with improving the performance might have important role in anterior cruciate ligament injury in active females

The serotonin transporter protein (SLC6A4) transports the neurotransmitter serotonin from synapses to presynaptic neurons. The serotonin system has been studied in many behavioural and physiological conditions. Variation of SLC6A4 gene is known to modulate its expression. In this study, the association of various alleles of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of SLC6A4 gene with Autistic disorder was investigated.

In this study 78 samples of patients with Autistic disorder and 100 healthy controls from Iranian Azeri Turkish population were recruite. 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms were genotyped by Long Range PCR method.

All statistical analyses showed no significant correlation of the genotyps and alleleles of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of SLC6A4 gene between case and control gropes (P> 0.05).

This study revealed there is no association between the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of the SLC6A4 gene and autistic disorders in the northwest of the Iranian population

One of the research areas that in recent years several studies have been performed on it is emotion recognition in the EEG signals. In this study, a 4-layered approach has been provided to improve the emotion detection in EEG signals. In this study, we used DEAP data set. We provided a 4-layered approach as follows: 1- Preprocessing 2- Feature Extraction 3-Dimensionality Reduction 4- Emotion detection. To select optimal choices in some stages of these layers, we’ve done some other experiments. The three different experiments have been done. First, finding the right window in the feature extraction. The results shows that Hamming window was the suitable one. Second, selecting the most appropriate number of filter banks in the feature extraction. The results of this experiment showed that 26 numbers was the most appropriate choice. The third experiment was to detect emotions through the proposed method.The results showed 81.58 percent accuracy for arousal, 79.87 percent accuracy for the valence, 80.35 percent accuracy for the dominance dimensions in 2-classes experiment. For 3-classes experiment the results was 68.54 percent accuracy for arousal 66.31 percent accuracy for the valence, 66.92 percent accuracy for the dominance dimensions. The 7.38 percent accuracy improvement in 2-class experiment and 3.38 accuracy improvement in 3-class experiment. This improvement in valence dimension was 7.54 and 5.21, respectively. It seems that using the proposed method can improve emotion detection in EEG signals

Partial Nephrectomy is the preferred surgical procedure for those tumors (<7 cm) which are restricted to kidneys. The most of the partial nephrectomy laparoscopic cases are performed transperitoneally. Here in we report two cases of renaj masses smaller than 7 cm which underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy by retroperitoneal for the first time in Iran. The first patient was a 59 years old man with a 50*55 mm lesion. The second patient was a 65 years old woman with a 27 mm lesion. Both lesions were located in left renal inferior pole. The durations of warm ischemia were 28 and 24 minutes, respectively

Nocardia are filamentous, aerobic, gram positive and partially acid fast bacteria that lives in environmental sources such as: water, soil and dust. This bacteria are cause of respiratory, neurogical and cutaneous infection in both of immunocompromised and immuocompetent patients. A 20-year-old man with no history of a certain disease symptoms such as headache, weakness, drowsiness and urinary incontinence was referred to Al-Zahra hospital. Bacteria were isolated from the patient's brain abscess based on microscopic examination, culture, biochemical characteristics and molecular were identified as Nocardia cyriacigeorgica. And according to result of antibiogram, this patient was treated by prescription of cotrimoxazol, amikacin and linezolid. Nocardial brain abscess can be seen in both of immunocompromised and immuocompetent patients that if was not diagnosed and appropriate treatment was not prescribed could associate with high mortality