فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی ورزش و جوانان
پیاپی 40 (تابستان 1397)

The paper is to study the strategies and programs for development of sport for all in Iran. Research method in terms of the purpose was practical and in view of the nature of the research data was exploratory mixed design. For qualitative section, 16 executives and experts of sport for all were considered as statistical population and based on the targeted sampling were collected. Data were gathered through interviews and coded and analyzed by Streubert and Carpenter’s method (2011).The statistical populations in the quantitative section were the sport for all federation managers, the heads of the federation committees, the heads of federation-sponsored associations and the heads of the sport for all departments of the provinces (200 people). Samples were selected randomly. The researcher-made questionnaire was a tool for collecting research data at this stage. The items of this questionnaire were extracted from the systematic interviews with the managers and executives of sport for all. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was approved by the professors, structural validity was confirmed by exploratory factor analysis and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.83).Data analysis in this section was done by SPSS software with Wilcoxon Test. In qualitative section the results showed that the strategies and programs for the development of sport for all in Iran including organizational strategies, create culture, economic solutions and based on research. According to the results in the quantitative section there was significant difference between the current and desired status in methods of providing solutions and strategies programs for the development of sport for all in Iran.

This study is to provide a basis at the country level for previous research by determining and analyzing motives among Iranian elders of males and females to participate in physical activities. This study is a descriptive-analytical research conducted as a field study. 1028 elderly (506 females and 522 males) were selected from 15 different cities by single-stage cluster sampling. Sharkey personal data questionnaire (1997) and Kirkby et.al standard questionnaire (PMQOA) were used to measure sport activity and determine elders’ motives. T-test was used to compare the groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS software version 16 and data were analyzed at significant level of p <0/05. Collected data determining elders’ physical activity of males and females have shown significance. Also involvement and Medical motives have shown significant difference. The elderly females made these factors more important than elderly males. Involvement and Medical motives are more important for females than males and the amount of participation of the elderly men were higher in physical activities than in the elderly women. Based on PMQOA questioner, elders stated maintaining health and fitness, keeping calm, back pain prevention, being outdoor and learning new skills as the most important factors motivating them to participate in physical activities.

The study is to identify factors influencing success and wane of talented sports in Golestan province during last decade. Statistical population consisted of all managers and experts of sport and youth office of Golestan province (including 180 individuals selected according to the Morgan table and filled both success and failure questionnaires) as well as officials of boards, trainers and athletes of to-be-investigated sports (48 for the success and 28 for wane part, all completed related questionnaires). So, statistical sample included 166 individuals for success and 146 individuals for wane part. Two questionnaires were used to identify factors influencing success and decline. These questionnaires included eight components of coaching and human resources development, motivation and support of human resources, athlete's talent identification and education, sports competitions and camps, management, hardware, budget and finance, and coordination and communication. Validity of these questionnaires was confirmed by experts and their reliability was evaluated by the Cronbach's alpha formula and their coefficient was higher than 0/80. The results showed that budget and finance, and coordination and communications were the most important factors affecting success of talented sports. Moreover, development of coaches and human resources, and athlete's talent identification and education were the most important factors influencing wane of talented sports. Beside the essential technical and task-oriented areas, factors such as budget and finance, human resources, and talent identification could be introduced as most important factors influencing success and wane of sports.

Sport is an international issue. Today, development of information technologies and importance of economic aspect of sport has caused to develop sport related disputes. To resolve these conflicts, sport governors established a fair and expert judgment system called, Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). Gradually due to many conflicts arose in this area since 1996 during The Atlanta Olympic Games, a new division called Ad Hoc Division started to work. This division of CAS resolves disputes during Olympic Games and International sport events. The study is to review the role of AHD in resolving sport related disputes in Olympic Games and CAS as a role model for international law in resolving conflicts and developing Lex Sportiva, with special attention to Rio -2016 Olympic Games and new division called Anti– Doping Division which started to work for the first time in this international event.

Given the importance of work in todays’ life and consequences of work like workaholism and on the other hand the lack of the lack of agreement among different researchers on the concept of workaholism in terms of the nature, affective and consequencies of this concept, the study is to present a systhematic review on researches about workaholism. In this regard, based on the Prism method, after identifying 122 articles and screening 67 articles, 55 papers were selected to be reviewed. Accourding to the results of this review through prizma method, theories such as spillover-cross-over theory, the mood as input approach, Passion, Self-determination theory and Regulatory focus theory were determined as the theories explaining the relationship between workaholism and other variables. Also the results demonstrated that the categoris such as the Scott et al (1997), Spence and Robbins (1992) and researchers such as burke and schoufeli are as the most prominent scholars and researchers of workaholism research area. Finally, a process model is presented based on the affective and consequence variables of workaholism.

The study is to investigate the relationship between social support and self-regulation and its relationship with leisure time physical activities (LTPA) of Iranian workers. This is a descriptive and survey research method study with sample population of Iranian workers from 15 provinces, including 388 workers. Data collection had been through a demographic questionnaire, participation in leisure-time physical activities, social support and self-regulation (Kaigang Li, 2010). In order to describe the data, descriptive statistics and multiple regression were used to test the research hypotheses (P<0.05). Findings of the research showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between social support and self-regulation. So, social support and help from friends and family members will have a significant impact on increasing self-regulation. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between self-regulation and leisure-time physical activities which means if people want to do more activities at their leisure time, they must manage and organize their goals. Therefore, to enjoy the benefits of participation in physical activity leisure time and to increase physical health, it is recommended that the whole community should emphasize the highlights of planning.

The study is to edit a communication model of psychological capital and work engagement with job self-efficacy as a mediation among sports and youth administration employees in Ardebil province. The study is an applied one and the research method was descriptive correlational (SEM). Statistical population of this study comprised all of Ardabil Youth and Sports Department personnels. From among this population, 145 employer were selected by using random sampling method. For data collection, psychological capital questionnaire, work engagement questionnaire and Job self-efficacy questionnaire were used. The content validity of the questionnaire was approved and realability of questionnaires Respectively 0/78, 0/88 and 0/72 is obtained. To analyze the data, spss softwar (mean, Standard Deviation, person correlation coefficient and k-s test) and LISREL saftwar were used. The results showed that direct effect of the psychological capital Job self-efficacy (0/39) on work engagement (0/36) is significant. Also, Job self-efficacy had a diredt effect on work engagement (0/25). The mediator role of Job self-efficacy in the relationship between psychological capital and work engagement was significant (0/09). Therefore, it can be concluded that psychological capital and Job self-efficacy may be taken into account as one of the important factors in work engagement

The study is to investigate the relationship between intra-organizational factors and political behavior based on moderating role of political skills and political will in the sports industry. The research method is a descriptive co relational design. The statistical population includes all employees of the Ministry of Sport and federations, which is over 1500. Of the federations, four team sports federations and four individual sports federations were selected based on popularity among federations. The sample consists of 350 people who were selected by available non-random sampling method. A questionnaire was used to measure the variables studied. In order to study the proposed model, structural equation method was used using SPSS-19 and PLS software. The findings indicated that the relationship between intra-organizational factors, political skill and political will was not significant with political behavior. The relationship between intra-organizational factors with political skill and political will were significant. Also, the findings showed that the political skill and political will moderated the relationship between intra-organizational factors and political behavior. According to the results of this research, it is suggested to managers and authorities of the organizations to consider the role of intra-organizational factors, political skill and political will on different aspects of organizational politics.

This paper is to investigate the impact of social capital on the good governance of young people. The statistical population of the study consisted of all students of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Branch that 280 students were selected as statistical sample. In theoretical foundations, theories related to this field were used and the research theoretical model was designed. In terms of target type, an applied study and scope, is micro and temporal, is a cross-sectional study. In terms of quantitative methodology and correlation, this study was carried out using a standard questionnaire which was distributed among respondents after validation and validity. The collected data were analyzed using Spss18 software in two levels of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results indicate that the hypothesis of the impact of social capital on good governance (with a coefficient of β = 0.931 and R2 = 866 = 0 and Sig = 0.000) is confirmed and indicates the 86 percent power of social capital in prediction Good governance; all the assumptions of the research were confirmed.

The youth right to employment is one of the youth rights, which belongs to the category of economic and social rights and emphasized in some of international law document such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, the World Plan of Action for Youth to the Year 2000 and beyond and the other international law instruments, relating to the youth and development issues. This right also has been considered in the main internal law documents such as the Constitution, macro policies, the laws adopted by the Parliament (Majlis) and approvals of legal legitimated sources.
In this article which is an applied research and conducted by documentary method, the issue of youth right to employment has been studied and analyzed in particularly in the Constitution and upstream regulations of national development. It also aims at knowing the situation of this right in this part of the domestic legal system and recommending the suggestions for achieving the proper legal model.
The research has some founds such as the followings: 1- The youth right to employment has been recognized properly in Iran's Constitution and clarified more complete in comparison to the Constitution of other countries 2- The youth employment right also has been recognized in the Development Macro Policies, in which there is no legal vacuum in the policies .3- The youth employment right has been clarified in the "Act of National 6th Development Plan" in the compliance with the Development Macro Policies. However, offering the legal solutions, in which helps to realizing this right has been neglected in this Act; the solutions regarding the "employability" and supporting the "Venture Capital", which was better to be clarified in later Act.

The proposal ceremony is an introduction to wedding ceremony and starting a family. In the past, the proposal ceremony was held in a traditional way. Over the time, with the communities becoming more sophisticated, the traditional proposal has taken a modern form. The study is to find out the attitude of the young girls toward the two kinds of proposal ceremony: traditional and modern. For this purpose, 150 subjects were selected randomly from the Refah University students. The study has been performed by a descriptive-explanatory method. An author-made questionnaire was used to collect the data. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including Chi-Square tests and Pearson correlation coefficient, were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the girls are willing to be proposed for in the modern way.

The study is to explain the sociological contribution of cultural participation among Khalkhal youth and its related social factors. In this research, what is important is the importance of cultural participation. The theoretical framework and theoretical model were presented using the theories of Jean-Baudrillard, Lick and Hachfeld, Durkheim and Huntington and Nelson. This research was conducted through a survey method. Face and structural validity was used and reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The statistical population of the study consists of young people aged 15-29 in Khalkhal, the number of which is according to the registry office. Using Cochran formula, 380 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. To analyze the data, two methods of descriptive and inferential statistics were used and analyzed using spss software. After preparing the matrix table, the information is arranged in the form of one-dimensional and two-dimensional tables. Findings indicate that independent variables of social support, sense of citizenship, social trust, group association and mass media have a significant relationship with the dependent variable of cultural participation.

In today’s world, the speed of changes has been increased as many sociologists believe that the main feature of the new world is its rapid and unpredictable changes. These rapid changes have occurred not only in the modern technologies but also in the social and cultural fields. With development of information and communication technologies, many behavioral and social fields of people have been changed too. In this regard, many values, norms, habits, manners, life styles and characteristics of people have been changed accordingly. Therefore, the study is an attempt to analyze the relationship between foreign visual media and value system of Shiraz’s youth and teenagers. For this purpose, 400 young people of Shiraz—youth and teenagers—were selected based on multi-stage cluster sampling and were asked to answer the questions of a researcher-made questionnaire. The dependent variable of the research included different clusters and a range of values including eight clusters of native, national, global, religious, economic, scientific, social/cultural and familial values. Foreign visual media were also studied extensively. The findings of the study show that there is a meaningful relationship between foreign visual media and all eight value clusters (native, national, global, religious, economic, scientific, social/cultural and familial). Finally, the proposals of study have been presented at the end of article.

The article is a "Sociological study of youth and aging in Tehran and its degree of adaptation to urban life". In theoretical foundations, theories of Owen, Fourier, Richardson, Watson, Kevin Lynch, Fylybs, Lavtn and Putnam are used in two structural and interactive dimensions and at the end of the research theoretical model is designed. The statistical population is all the youth and aging in Tehran. According to the Cochran formula, the sample size was 388 in the 2,4,22, 7 and 20 regions. Sampling was done by cluster and then by simple random sampling. This research was conducted using a survey method. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The Validity of the questionnaire was measured according to the views of experts and professors and reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by Cronbach's alpha for all dimensions of the questionnaire higher than 0/7, which is acceptable. After data collection, data were analyzed based on descriptive and inferential statistics and using SPSS software. The result of the hypothesis with t-test showed that there is a significant relationship between the quality of life and social capital in the human dimension, and in the structural dimension of housing situation, public space, and transportation with the degree of adaptation to urban life. Young people are more satisfied with the situation in terms of social capital with an average of 3.36, quality of housing (3/22), and transportation (4/13). In terms of adaptation to urban life in terms of quality of life (4/06) and public places (22/3), elderly have more satisfaction than youth.