نشریه مدیریت فردا
پیاپی 30 (بهار 1391)

One of the key success factors of supply chain management (SCM) is inter-organizational relations controlling and coordination. Investigation on the literature shows that there is a gap in theoretical foundation for illustrating this kind of interactions. One of its solution is using of theories in other fields which are conformable in SCM. In this research four inter-organizational theories (Principal- Agent Theories, transaction cost analysis; the network theory; and the resource-based view) based on the literature are considered. The aim is determine their importance and preference upon proper theory evaluation criteria for development theoretical foundation of SCM according to this research. The research was descriptive-survey based on the experts’ viewpoint with the use of Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP). As a result, “reality” and “logical consistency” have the upset weight for the theories’ evaluation. In theories evaluation, “transaction cost analysis” and “the resource-based view “were more appropriate than two others.

Successful companies in todays competitive economy are those which are capable to design efficiently, develop and to produce products which are preferrable by customers. This idea shows that there is a need to draw a plan which can meet the needs of the customers and also the plan should be capable to be produced with a competitive cost and quality. Saypa company as one of the greatest car making companies must try hard to produce competitive products and by improving the design of the cars should struggle to reach the best position in the competition. So in order to reach the above-mentioned aims, in this research a merger of the tools for expanding quality proceeds(QFD) and value analysis has been used. Therefore the main goal is to use both QFD and VA theoretically and occasionally. ‘Pride’ as a car with quality problems was chosen and the combined process of QFDVA has been used for designing the outward appearance of this car. Finally, at the end of this research project, one main hypothesis and three subordinate hypotheses has been analyzed. For analyzing the hypotheses the researcher has used a questionnaire among a sample group. For statistical analyses, SPSS software has been used. One of the main problems of QFD is not having the ability to identify the needs of the customers, and that was solved by combining the use of VA technique. Also by using this technique, we can evaluate the value of product designing and we can take action in allocating the resources to identified operations and investments.

Along with development in management literature, several solutions have been introduced to improve the effectiveness of organizations. Knowledge management as one of these solutions has been widely considered and using it, as a new method, is one of the organization’s necessities. But firstly this point should be mentioned that prior to the current development of knowledge management literature, knowledge management existed in organizations in traditional ways for years and should be considered in any new development in this field. Secondly, it has been observed that sometimes knowledge management new solutions are considered independent from their roles in organization effectiveness and KM comprehensive systems are recommended by management consultants as a definite effectiveness promotion solution. This article reflects the results of a research that has been conducted with two main goals, in organizations with small size and low technology level. First, study the level of knowledge management, in its traditional form in these organizations. Second, study the relationship between KM and effectiveness of these organizations.

Considering the importance of maintaining process in global markets and the today's world competitive field, innovation, creativity and entrepreneurship organizations generally and in financial organizations such as Banks specially, can have a significant role in receiving to the economic goals, therefore it seems necessary that each organization tries to examine and recognize the entrepreneurship qualifications of its employees, so by training this labor and persisting proper approach, can reach to the entrepreneurship process. Therefore, this study gets to through evaluating entrepreneurship qualifications of bank employees in dependency, and creativity will and determination, risk taking, success) in respect of the rate of having these qualification. Other objects of this study is determining the effects of employees sex marital state, record of work and place of work on their entrepreneurship, statistical population includes 110 employees of SAMAN bank and sample size of the research is 85 person who were chosen by casually sampling. For collecting data entrepreneurship comprehensive test questioning has been used which includes 54 questions about entrepreneurship qualifications stability and validity.co-efficient of the above said questioner is 71 percent. Statistics analysis has been done using SPSS software. In this research, we explored the level of the personnel entrepreneurship qualifications of SAMAN bank employees, so that this can be an introduction for the organization to progress through the entrepreneurship activities. The result of this research shows that although SAMAN bank s employees don’t have the necessary minimum for being entrepreneurship, but 22 percent of them are qualified for entrepreneurship. Also SAMAN bank employees, don’t have the average of dependency, creativity, and risk taking. The number of female employees in respect of having the dependency qualifications is more than male employees and, men who have risking (risk taking) and success qualifications are more than woman. In the case of creativity the number of both groups is the same. Furthermore, the results show that the employee's sex, marital status and place of services have no influence on entrepreneurship between records of work of the employees and their entrepreneurship.

Since exact algorithms are able to find the optimal solution exactly, they are not effective for solving the complicated and difficult optimization problem and the time of problem solving is increased exponentially; moreover approximate algorithms are able to find the approximate solution (which is very near to the optimal solution) for very complicated and difficult optimization problem in a short period of time. One of the well-known nonlinear programming problems is finding minimum volume ellipsoid covering a finite set of points problem. This problem is solvable for two dimensional space, however heuristic methods are even used to solve it in two dimensional space are very difficult. It would be difficult to achieve the exact solution for three dimensions or more because of huge volume of calculation. In this paper, SA algorithm is used and the problem is solved in two and three dimensions; in addition it can be used for n dimensions as well.

The aim's paper is to recognition and explanation of firm's position. Thus, this study presents a evaluating model based on two cores for the strategic positioning of firms. The research method is based on descriptive with especial focused on survey and case study one; therefore, its model has two dimensions as: Porter's generic strategies and positioning. This model directs seven research hypotheses. Thus, the population for study is electrical equipments industry; therefore, the sample size is 67 staffs. Questionnaires were distributed among 130 employees and vendors of “Part Bargh Iranian” company and at last 56 questionnaires were collected. Questionnaires were distributed among people with internal and external recognition about company. Finally research hypotheses: significant relationship between the Porter's generic strategy model and strategic positioning model, and secondary hypotheses: relationship between the cost leadership and strategic positioning model (Product and firm), relationship between the differentiation strategy and strategic positioning model (Product and firm), relationship between the focus strategy and strategic positioning model (Product and firm), all confirmed.

The development of modern technology increasing in recent decades has increased the competitiveness of organizations. So, pay attention and identify factors affecting the adoption of new technology is a necessity for organizations. In this study, A descriptive-survey to identify factors affecting the acceptance of new technology by staff education has been the city of Tehran. The survey questionnaire was prepared to collect information and expert groups, Has been director and manager. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Pearson correlation analysis of the variables of the research hypotheses and to compare the level of education and organizational position analysis of variance was used; The results of this study indicate that all hypotheses are accepted as a result, Some factors affecting the acceptance of new technology by the staff of Tehran Education Organization, Such as: Ease of use and perceived usefulness of technology users, Subjective norms, Teach and encourage users confidence in the use of computer technology and etc to encourage employees to use the technology.