فصلنامه ابن سینا
سال هجدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 57، زمستان 1395)

Annually, coronary artery disease leads to death of many people around the world and has a direct relationship with patients’ job stress. It seems that using appropriate coping styles can reduce stress in stressful occupations such as military staff. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between occupational stress and problem-oriented coping style in military staff with acute coronary syndrome.
In a descriptive – correlational study performed in a military heart hospital between 2015 and 2016, 195 military personnel with acute coronary syndrome were recruited with simple random sampling method. The job stress questionnaire and coping styles questionnaire (by Endler and Parker) were used to collect data. SPSS software (version 16) and statistical tests including Kolmogrov-Smirnov, Pearson’s correlation, and linear regression tests were used to analyze data. A p value less than 0.05 was considered significant.
The results showed that 52.8% of the subjects had moderate job stress. Pearson’s correlation test showed a significant inverse relationship between job stress and problem-oriented coping style (r=-0.712, p=0.001).
The use of problem-oriented coping style is associated with job stress reduction. Therefore, it is recommended that effective coping styles can be included in training programs of military staff to deal with stressful situations.

A pilot’s hypoxia which may lead to dysfunction in some vital and sensitive organs can be detected and its prevention may greatly reduce the rate of aviation accidents. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypoxia using a pulse oximeter among pilots in an altitude chamber (hypobaric chamber).
In a cross-sectional study on 80 pilots referred to IR.AF aviation physiology center, the level of blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) was measured before and during the experience of hypoxia in altitude chamber (25,000 feet). SPSS software was used for statistical analysis.
The mean SpO2 level during experience of hypoxia was about 81.5% and most of aviators experienced the symptoms of hypoxia in SpO2 of 89-80%. In three cases (3.7%) symptoms occurred when SpO2 level was in critical range (69-60%).
Our results showed that symptoms of hypoxia in some pilots occurred in very low levels of SpO2 and this can lead to sudden loss of consciousness without any physiological notice. Pulse oximetry technology could be of great importance to pilots in early detection of hypoxia. Particularly aviation pulse oximeters may expressively prevent aviation accidents related to pilot’s hypoxia by early detection and timely warning to pilots during in-flight hypoxia.

In recent years, the development of soft war dimensions has intensified the devastating impacts of social and cultural on the attitudes and behavior of people, especially youth. This study aimed to construct and validate a scale for assessment of soft war vulnerability.
For this purpose, 340 students were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling and then soft war vulnerability assessment scale national, social, and cultural identity questionnaires were distributed among them. After collecting data, the validity of soft war vulnerability assessment scale was examined `by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, test-retest, and splitting coefficients to determine the psychometric properties. Also, criterion validity was evaluated by national, social, and cultural identity questionnaires. The factor structure was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.
The factor analysis indicated that our new scale contained three factors, including cultural, political, and social aspects. The obtained Cronbach's alpha coefficients of three subscales were 0.81, 0.90, and 0.77, respectively. In addition, test-retest coefficients were 0.79, 0.68, and 0.63 which reflect the stability of the scale. The criterion validity of the questionnaire with other scales indicated desirable convergent and discriminant validity.
Overall, the findings showed that our new scale had good psychometric properties the student's population, and can be used for Iranian studies.

The effect of physical activity on blood factors and hematological system has been well proven. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of glucose consumption on lipid levels, insulin, blood fibrinogen, and plasma viscosity after a session of aerobic exercise in young college men.
Totally, 16 young college men (mean age 21.8±2.3 years) were selected and randomly divided into two groups of glucose and placebo. One-mile run was administered to the subjects with the intensity of 75% of maximum heart rate in three consecutive sets with three minutes inter-sets rest. The glucose group received 1.5 g of glucose, while the second group received an equal volume of solution (3.5 ml of water per kg of body weight). In both groups, blood samples were collected in order to measure hematological parameters, insulin resistance, and lipid profile, just before the activity and also 30, 60, and 90 minutes after it.
In both groups, there was no significant change (compared to baseline) in plasma glucose levels after exercise (p=0.671). Also, it was observed no difference between the two groups in glucose levels (p≤0.05). In glucose group after the exercise, insulin level and insulin resistance had a significant increase compared to baseline and also compared with placebo group (p=0.001). Also, the levels of fibrinogen and plasma viscosity decreased in both groups after exercise (p It seems that aerobic exercise with the intervention of glucose consumption resulted in favorable changes in some rheological parameters. These changes can be helpful in the prevention of cardiovascular risk factors.

The scientific evidence shows that the levels of adiponectin and resistin respectively had negative and positive correlation with the obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of continuous aerobic exercise and periodized resistance exercise on plasma levels of adiponectin and resistin among sedentary obese adolescents.
In this study, 24 subjects were divided into three groups: resistance training group [n=8; age 15.92±1.56y; body mass index (BMI) 32.30±2.21 kg/m2], aerobic exercise group (n=8; age 15.23±2.03y; BMI 31.32±1.32 kg/m2) and control group (n=8; age 14.97±1.92y; BMI 30.80±3.12 kg/m2). The program of aerobic exercise group included walking and running up to 60% oxygen consumption for four sessions per week, while this performed in the resistance training group for three sessions per week (12 weeks). The plasma levels of adiponectin and resistin were measured using an ELISA kit. All data were analyzed using ANOVA test.
The study findings showed that resistance training reduced body fat percentage by 7.18% (p In summary, 12 weeks of aerobic and resistance training increased the plasma levels of adiponectin, whereas the plasma levels of resistin had no changes.

Studies have emphasized on the functional adaptations of respiratory system after exercise, however, the type of exercise can appear to have different consequences. Yoga is considered as an exercise to improve the physical, psychological, and social health. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of eight weeks yoga practice on changes in respiratory gases and O2 pulse in active young women.
In this quasi-experimental study, 20 young women were randomly divided into yoga and control groups. Before starting the yoga training courses, the respiratory gases were measured with gas analyzer. After eight weeks of yoga training courses that containing yoga practices and pranayama, the respiratory gases were measured again. Data was analyzed by paired sample t-test and independent t-test with SPSS software at the confidence level of p At the end of the practice, a significant decrease was observed in respiratory exchange ratio, whereas a significant increase was found in minute ventilation, oxygen consumption, ventilator equivalent for carbon dioxide, oxygen consumption at anaerobic threshold, and maximum oxygen uptake (p The results of this study indicated that eight-week yoga delays anaerobic threshold and fatigue with changes in metabolic parameters of the respiratory system, and likely these practices can be used to improve the athletes’ performance in sports activities.

In all countries with obligatory military service, there are circumstances in which the person can exempt from military service. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the most common ophthalmic reasons in exemption from military service.
In this study, all medical records of soldiers who exempted from military service, for ophthalmic reasons, were examined according to factors such as causes of exemption, age, education level, and the interval of dispatch to exemption in a military hospital between 2007 and 2008.
Among 545 exempted who were 19 to 27 years old, the most of ophthalmic reason for exemption was related to the soldiers with high school diploma or less education whose sum of the refractive errors of the two eyes was higher than 8 diopters (49.2%). Time of entry into military service until exemption in most cases was four (range: 1-118) months.
Myopic refractive error is the most common medical cause for exemption among soldiers with ophthalmic disorders. Thus, it seems to be necessary a complete medical examination before entry into military service to avoid wasting time and material and psychological costs.

Studies have shown that inappropriate habits, especially in the fields of nutrition, stress, and physical activity are more in hypertension patients. The aim of this study was a comparison of lifestyle between hypertension patients and healthy people in Tehran city.
Totally, 93 people (41 patients with hypertension and 52 non-hypertension cases) were selected by available sampling method. The Kern’s Lifestyle Scale was used for gathering data. Data were analyzed by, SPSS software. The mean and standard deviation were used for descriptive statistics, and independent t-test was used in the inferential statistics section.
The findings of this study showed that there was a significant difference between lifestyle of hypertension patients and healthy people. Also, results showed that these patients did not have appropriate lifestyle in their daily life (p Since lifestyle includes a range of activities that are risk factors for some diseases, therefore the healthy lifestyle education programs can be taken a step towards increasing the health of patients with hypertension.