فصلنامه ابن سینا
سال بیستم شماره 4 (پیاپی 65، زمستان 1397)

Military personnel need endurance training for increasing physical fitness and health in their jobs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ranger training on muscular endurance and lipid profile in military students. In this semi-experimental study, 24 sophomore students from a military university were randomly selected and divided into experimental and control groups. Firstly, the subjects warmed up for 15 minutes, then they performed muscle endurance test (pre-test), and finally the results were recorded. After two days, the subjects returned to the laboratory and blood sampling was performed to assess lipid profiles (cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL). Then, the experimental group performed eight-week ranger training program. To collect the data in the post-test, the subjects performed the test again, and then blood tests were carried out. Independent t-test was used at the significant level of p<0.05 to analyze the data. The results showed that eight-week ranger training did not have a significant effect on muscular endurance of the students. In addition, there was no significant effect on cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and HDL. According to the results of this study, it seems that some changes have to be made in order for effectiveness of physical fitness improvement programs and health in military students.

  The paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) which is synthesized in the liver is an enzyme linked to HDL. It acts as an antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory agent, and in the presence of calcium, it hydrolyzes free radicals and prevents LDL from oxidation. Alcohol consumption and sedentary lifestyle causes fat disorder and a decrease in the PON-1 activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of training and curcumin on the PON-1 activity and lipid profile after alcohol withdrawal in male Wistar rats. For this study, 32 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups based on alcohol consumption: 1) alcohol, 2) alcohol + training, 3) alcohol + curcumin, and 4) alcohol + training + curcumin. After four days of alcohol consumption program and six days of alcohol withdrawal, curcumin and training intervention (swimming) was performed for fourteen days. Blood samples were collected for laboratory analysis. In order to investigate inter-group differences, a two-way analysis of variance and the LSD post hoc test was used. Independently, the training increased the activity of the PON-1 (p=0.001). Further, the interaction of exercise and curcumin had a significant increase in the activity of PON-1 (p=0.02). Moreover, the training independently increased the concentration of HDL (p=0.01). Additionally, the interaction of exercise and curcumin showed a significant effect on the increasing of HDL (p=0.01). The findings of this study confirm that combining short-term training of swimming and curcumin increases the activity of PON-1 and the concentration of HDL in the male Wistar rats. Therefore, in order for reducing the complications of alcohol withdrawal period, we can use training + curcumin in improving lipid profile and increasing PON-1 activity.

Abdominal obesity is associated with the risk of albumin increasing which is the main reason for decreasing in renal function. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between resistance training (RT) and fasting on the removal of creatinine and glomerular filtration in sedentary women with abdominal obesity. In this semi-experimental study, 60 sedentary women (average age: 38.3±5.2 years) participated in four groups of 15 persons –including RT, RT with fasting, fasting, and control (no fasting and no exercise). During Ramadan, the RT program consisted of eight main exercises with moderate intensity was performed with emphasis on large muscles for 3 times per week. The fasting duration in Ramadan was about 17 hours. Bio-impedance technique for the assessments of creatinine and glomerular filtration rate were used. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc, and Pearson correlation coefficient tests. One-way ANOVA results showed that the creatinine clearance (p=0.048) and glomerular filtration (p=0.049) in fasting group were significantly higher than the control group, but no significant difference was observed among other groups. Pearson correlation coefficient showed that creatinine clearance and glomerular filtration rate had an inverse and significant relation with age, while these variables were directly correlated with body mass index. According to the findings of this study, it seems that 17 hours of fasting may have a positive effect on the renal function in women with abdominal obesity.

  Increasing clinical risks has become a public concern among policymakers as well as healthcare providers and authorities. Risk management is a set of continuous and developing processes that can be taken in the hospitals. This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating preventive risk management in northern hospitals in 2016. This cross-sectional study assesses medical staff (n=550 individuals) in 15 hospitals in the north of Iran in 2016. Cluster sampling was done, and preventive risk management assessment questionnaire was randomly distributed among physicians and nurses. To analyze data in the analytical study, the distribution of the variables values was investigated using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and also the analysis of variance was performed using the F-test. SPSS software was used to analyze data. The average recognition rate (2.47), status of risk management organizing (2.62), the policy and procedures (3.06), education (3.85), risk management position (2.81), and monitoring the analysis, assessment as well as risk control (2.67), have been obtained. According to the scores obtained in the six component areas of risk management, the overall status of risk management in these hospitals was obtained moderate. Results showed that preventive risk management in the hospitals in the north of Iran was moderate, so hospital managers have to allocate the necessary resources for risk management which is a key factor for patient safety and quality improvement.

  Body image disorder can decrease the quality of life. The aim of this study was to compare the body image flexibility, psychopathological symptoms, psychological damage, and emotion regulation difficulties in athlete and non-athlete females. For this purpose, 100 people in two groups of 50 athletes and normal females were selected through available sampling. These participants were studied based on body image flexibility, psychological damage, and emotion regulation difficulties. To evaluate the results of this study, collected data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance. Our findings showed that in dimensions of depression, anxiety, and stress, there are significant differences between two groups. The normal females experienced the mentioned dimensions more than athlete ones. Also, female athletes had higher scores in the body image flexibility that make them more vulnerable, although this difference was not significant. It was mentioned that in some components of emotion regulation difficulties, significant differences were found between the two groups. Therefore, it seems that female athletes are less vulnerable to psychological damages, although they may have not a positive body image of their physical appearance.

  Destructive conflict in nursing may result in nurses’ dissatisfaction, absenteeism and turnover and decreases quality of patient care. This study aimed to examine the level of conflict and its underlying causes among nurse managers (metronomes, supervisors, and head nurses). This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted on 269 nurse managers at hospitals related to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2015. A valid and reliable questionnaire was used to identify the level of conflict and its causes. Data was analyzed using SPSS software through descriptive and inferential statistics. The mean of conflict among these nurse managers was 2.80 out of 5 (moderate). Heavy workload, resource shortage and bureaucracy were the main factors causing conflict at organizational level. On the other hand, differences in nurse managers’ knowledge, abilities, skills and personalities were the main personal factors causing conflict. Organizational factors were responsible for 84%of conflict in nurse managers. More conflict was observed in internal medicine, pediatrics and operation theatre wards. Conflict in specialized hospitals was higher than general hospitals. Also, there is a significant statistical relation between conflict level in nurse managers and their turnover intention (p=0.03, r=0.127). In summary, nurse managers experienced an acceptable level of conflict. Such managers should keep conflict at an optimum level to increase the productivity.

  Annually, millions of bone fractures occur around the world. Many of these fractures cause non-welded or defective ones in the absence of treatment, and therefore such fractures require medical treatment interventions. In this review study, the process of immune system performance and it's cytokines on bone tissue repair was investigated. Also, the effect of mesenchymal stem cells on the process of both interaction with immune system cells and bone tissue repair was studied. A review of databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus) was conducted to identify related studies by the end of 2017. A set of keywords including "mesenchymal stem cells", "immune system", "inflammation", "bone repair", and "tissue engineering" was used. The immune system and initial inflammation have a very important role in the repair process immediately after the breakdown event. However, the long-term inflammation can act as a deterrent in bone repair. So far, the exact process and the mechanism of immunity based on the secreted cytokines from inflammatory cells have remained unknown in bone repair. Some of these inflammatory mediators act as stimulants in the formation of new bone tissue, while others act as inhibitors. From the past, stem cell therapy has been considered as one of the most attractive ways to repair damaged tissues, especially in bone tissue engineering. Mesenchymal stem cells, as one of the stem cells groups, not only can attract to the category of osteoblastic precursor cells, but also can regulate the immune system through some mechanisms.

  Hepatitis B is the second leading cause of carcinogenesis after smoking. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibody titer against the hepatitis B virus among employees of a police unit. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 534 employees of a police unit. HBS antibody was measured by ELISA in blood samples. The results of this study showed that 35.5% of the samples did not have the required level of immunity against the hepatitis B virus. Statistically, the level of safety was significant with age, work experience, and type of employment. Considering that more than one thirds of the samples did not have the necessary safety to prevent hepatitis B infection; therefore, staff training about repercussions of such disease and the role of vaccination in preventing disease is necessary.

  Iron excretion increases during sport activities and menstruation. However, consumption iron supplements along with vitamin C improves iron stores. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training, consumption of iron, and vitamin C on blood iron indices among females with iron deficiency and with at least six months sport activities background. In this semi-experimental study, 32 volunteer females aged 35±4. 4 years were selected and randomly divided into four groups including a control group and three training groups (T1: without supplements; T2: + iron; T3: + iron + vitamin C). The training program consisted of eight weeks ،three sessions per week and 60 minutes per session (jogging, low impact aerobic training chain) with an intensity of 70% of the target heart rate. After per session of exercise in T2 and T3 groups subjects consumed 100 mg pill of ferrous sulfate and in T3 group subjects consumed 500 mg chewable vitamin C pill. Before and after the research protocol, blood hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell, ferritin and transferrin measured by using specific methods. Multivariate analysis of variance was used. The results showed differences in the hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell, ferritin and transferrin variables between T3 and control group which were significant for hemoglobin (p=. 006), red blood cell (p=. 008), and ferritin (p=. 003) variables. Aerobic training with consuming iron supplementation and vitamin C can improve some hematological indices in females.