نشریه فرهنگ ایلام
پیاپی 58-59 (بهار و تابستان 1397)

The cities are social and physical phenomena that are under the constant pressure of development and expansion, where in multiple quality and quantity changes occur. One of the most important consequences of the rapid urbanizing growth and the body expansion of the cities across the country in the latest decades, is the breakdown of distribution systems of the service centers in the city that initiates the social inequality in enjoying the said services among the citizens. The current paper is based on the aim of analyzing the social justice in the spatial structure of the urban regions in Ilam while emphasizing on the educational-cultural services, and in regards of its nature, it is a theoretical-practical research and regarding the studying method, it is descriptive-analysis. In this research, we used the Topsis model to rank the regions at first. The results of this stage of the research showed that finding a single pattern of the educational-cultural service distribution is not possible; therefore, these regions were categorized as high, middle and lower areas. A part of the needed data was collected via questionnaires. The results showed that the citizens living in Piche Ashoori district, with the average rate of 3.31 and the citizens living in Vijyen district with the average rate of 3.12 out of 5 are the most satisfied with the quality of educational and cultural services. However, the citizens living in the central and Baanbarz district with the average rate of 1.33 and 1.22 out of 5, enjoy the least satisfaction of the said services. Therefore, the central areas and the Baanbarz district are the first priority to be developed with educational-cultural services and should meet more spatial justice.

Study of historical geography of west and southwest of Iran in the third and second millennia B.C, includes decades having the most difficult issues for researchers including Elam, Goti, Lolobi, Avan, Simashki, Marhashi and Kasi, as the most prominent place names. In this study, the researchers review the theories related to position of each place name mentioned, using reanalysis as well as cultural findings of regions of west and south-west Iran, to find the locations of these areas. Moreover, based on historical geography obtained, this question has been posed that basically in which areas the extent of Elam has been located. According to the topics covered in this study, it seems that Goti, Lolobi, Avan, Simashki, Marhashi and Kasi have been located in Central Zagros, and Elam has extended to the eastern regions. So, mountains of northern Khuzestan plain (Central Zagros) are not part of Elam.

One of the most important problems of Iran’s history, in different eras, is the relation of central government with states, local governors and important powers in each part of the country. Considering that they were in some considerable parts of Iran’s history, and also there were elements with the source of tribe power and sovereignty, this issue is of great importance. Establishment of Pahlavi government was a scope between central government and states and local governors had non-ethnic origin, significant military features, they were severely centralized, and believed in modernity accompanied with changes in the modern world.
In this study, according to some historical documents, an attempt has been done to analyze the relation between central government with two local governors, Poshtekuh governor and Sheikh Khazal in Khuzestan, in the early years of Rezakhan’s sovereignty.
The findings of the study being conducted with a descriptive-analytical method, show that the relations of the aforementioned governors with central government mainly had an opposition essence, and central government with the aim of expanding its power and concentration of its power in the way of supporting its history and its historic identification as well as its regional power, individually or jointly in the form of a committee called “Sa’adat”, encountered with them. This opposition had political, military, social and foreign aspects and finally it was done to solidify central government and to collapse local governors’ power.

Today in terms of income-generation, the phenomenon of tourism has become the focus of many countries around the world, and is included in the national development plans of countries. In the current survey, the GIS is used to identify and study the vulnerable zones and the ecotourism status in Ilam area. In order to evaluate the geographical information of the area, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model was used as one of the most applicable multi-criteria decision-making methods to make a base for selecting of criteria. Based upon the selected criteria, the maps elevation, slope, land cover, springs, roads, recreational and residential areas were provided. After making the map layers GIS ready, the selected criteria were weighted using Expert Choice Software. In the final step, the weighted criteria maps were overplayed using GIS in which the suitable ecotourism areas were specified. As it is revealed in the area classification maps, the most attractive spots of the area are located in the northern, central and southeastern parts of area, these areas involve dense and semi-dense forests and pastures. Because of the elevation the area has, these area enjoy suitable climate conditions and natural geomorphology. These areas are also close to the main roads and residential areas in the region. For the development of tourism and protection of the environment, suitable planning and management is required. One of the methods of tourism development in the area is the introduction of attractions to tourists. This approach can lead to the development of tourism and the protection of the area.

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the educational activities taking place in the cities of Ilam province. The method used in this research is Multiple Attribute Decision Making and specifically the SAW technique. The research statistical community is the province of Ilam, Includes the cities: Abdanan, Ilam, Eyvan, Badreh, Chardavol, Darreh Shahr, Dehloran, Sirvan,malekshahi and mehran. We refer to the Statistical Yearbook of Ilam province for selection of educational indicators. Data were analyzed by the SAW technique. The results show that the city of Ilam is best, and then Eyvan, Dehloran, Darreh Shahr, Abdanan, Chardavol, Mehran, Malekshahi, Sirvan and Badreh are the next priorities.

The purpose of this study was to provide an interactive model of the relationship between piety and social trust among the students of Ilam University. The research method is a descriptive - correlation survey. The statistical population was all students of Ilam University. 380 people were selected according to the Morgan table and were randomly selected. The main tool for collecting information is a questionnaire. In order to assess the validity of the questionnaire, a confirmatory factor analysis of the first and second order was used and for reliability determination, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and structural reliability were used. The research hypotheses were analyzed using the structural part of the structural equation model, the path analysis. The results of this study showed that virtue has a direct and significant effect on self-control and mental health. Self-control and mental health have a direct, positive and significant effect on social trust. Also, self-control and mental health have a mediating role in the relationship between piety and social trust.

Nowadays, in the top-down planning, the principle of public participation and attention to the needs of residents is ignored. In line with these neglect, we are witnessing social and cultural damages in the urban neighborhoods. In this research, the Khayyam neighborhood in Ilam was selected to implement a participatory approach in formulating a proposed strategic plan. The scale of the analysis in the present study, the urban area and its study area, was the 4th zone of a detailed plan approved in Ilam in 1385. This research was carried out with practical nature and using descriptive and analytical methods; thus, with library studies, studying approved documents and plans, observing the field, updating the statistics and maps used, exploiting the existing standards of the urban planning, collecting the questionnaire and collecting the general situation of the neighborhood along with the comments and suggestions of the citizens living in the neighborhood, and analyzing the results of this study using the approach of location measurement, provision of vitality and security as the strategic objectives of the area, using the method it has been suggested for the Khayyam district of Ilam City. Finally, a set of strategies and policies were introduced in the form of strategic planning using SWOT analysis technique at the neighborhood level. The findings of this study showed that the beauty of the neighborhood environment, the establishment of a neighborhood council, the creation of commercial centers, the creation of a neighborhood park and the lighting of public spaces, are the most important demands of the people in organizing the social and cultural problems of the neighborhood.

With the victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1357, a revolution has occurred in the humanities and the position of people in charge, which emphasized on the purification of university professors, in the academic courses of those sciences, changes were made in the course of indigenous and Islamicization that the revolution in the humanities has been based on the political, and religious identity of political leaders, and now what is the role of these identities among the custodians of the humanities? To answer this question, the researcher used quantitative survey method, and the statistical population of the study is the faculty members and tuition of the faculty of humanities and Social Sciences of the University of Ilam who are 76 members. Thus, using the Cochran formula, 64 people were selected based on the method of the convenience sampling and the standard questionnaire was distributed among them. Data analysis had an abnormal distribution and was done using SPSS and smart PLS software. The findings indicate that national identity and religious identity are effective through the use of research ethics and professional ethics on indigenous tendency, but political identity is not due to research ethics, but due to professional ethics for native humanities has an impact. Identities reduce adherence to research ethics, professors who tend to have a greater religious and national identity, although they believe in modern-day research, but do not adhere to the ethics that govern these studies.

The present study is aimed at understanding the relationship between cultural capital and the rate of social participation among the youths of Ilam in 1395. The statistical population included all the youths of the city of Ilam, aged 15 to 24, with 59,930 people based on the statistical year of 1395. The multi-stage cluster sampling method was used for extension. The sample size was 381 based on the Cochran formula. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. Data analysis was done through spss version 22 using two descriptive and inferential levels. At the level of descriptive statistics, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used for frequency, percentage and mean, and at inferential level. The validity of the research tool was obtained through formal credibility and its reliability through the Cochran formula. The findings showed that the sig criterion of the mental dimension of cultural capital is equal to 0.000, which shows that there is a meaningful relationship between the mental dimension of cultural capital and social participation. The value of Pearson correlation coefficient is 974%, which shows a positive and strong correlation between the two variables, that is, the higher the cultural dimension of the mental dimension, social participation will increase. The two variables of cultural capitalization and social participation are significant at the level of 0.000; the correlation coefficient (0.950) of the two variables indicates a positive and strong correlation, that is, with the growth of the objective dimension of cultural capital, there is a tendency towards social participation among Ilam youths. Significance between the institutional dimension of cultural capital and social participation (0.000) and the correlation coefficient (0.928) indicates the significance of the relationship and the positive and strong correlation between the two variables; that is, the increase in the institutional dimension of cultural capital increases the rate of social participation among the youth of the city of Ilam.

During Islam and emergence of Shia, Progeny of the Prophet (P.B.U.H) were respected by Muslims and travel of Imam Reza (A.S) to Iran led to his children’s travel to Iran and lots of them were martyred. This led to building picturesque graves for them and people’s pilgrimage. Eivan city is a place which has some of these graves that are related to Prophet Progeny. Some Imamzades (the tombs of the offspring of the Prophet) such as Seyyed Abdollah and Haji Hazer are located in Eivan and their tombs are places for social relations and some religious customs. In this paper it has been tried to investigate their geographical places by introducing historical background of Eivan and investigate their social, cultural and political position by identifying Holy Imamzades and importance of these places using a descriptive-analytical method. The findings indicated that these places bring relaxation and tranquility, social cooperation and communications between cities and also these places convert the area to a cultural pole.