نشریه پژوهش توانبخشی در پرستاری
سال سوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 11، بهار 1396)

The optimal exercise dose for ‘treatment’ of impaired fasting blood glucose remains unknown¡ yet¡ clearly warrants further investigation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of concurrent aerobic–resistance exercise training on estrogen level and glucose homeostasis of menopausal females with glucose impairment.
Overall¡ 22 obese and overweight postmenopausal females voluntarily participated in this study¡ and were randomly divided to 2 groups: control (n = 10) and exercise (n = 12) groups. The research samples had fasting blood glucose between 100 and 126 mg/dl. The exercise group participated in an 8-week¡ 3 day per week supervised program consisting of 10 minutes of warm-up and 75 minutes of concurrent exercise training followed by 5 minutes of cool-down exercise. The following measurements were made on all subjects before and after the training period consisting of weight¡ and Body Mass Index (BMI)¡ maximum Oxygen consumption (VO2max)¡ Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS)¡ serum insulin and estradiol¡ HOMA-IR¡ and glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels.
Eight weeks of endurance resistance exercise significantly reduced weight and BMI¡ and increased VO2max and serum estradiol¡ and improved glucose homeostasis in the exercise group (P These results indicated that concurrent resistance - endurance exercise elicits significant improvements in glucose homeostasis¡ serum estradiol¡ and body composition for menopausal females. Therefore¡ this type of exercise can be used in postmenopausal females to improve glucose homeostasis.

A current global concern is the increase in the aging population and longevity of humans and the emergence of chronic diseases¡ treatment costs¡ and the length of hospital stay in elderly. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the costs and length of stay of elderly and middle-aged patients hospitalized in Tehran''s Milad Hospital¡ during year 2012.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on a population involving 36 327 middle-aged and elderly people¡ who were randomly selected from 400 patients. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS 16 software.
The sample included 231 cases and 169 elderly individuals¡ who were middle-aged. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the costs of hospitalization among elderly adults and their stay in hospitals (P The results of this study as well as the increasing number of seniors in the coming decades indicates that it is necessary to align with the rising costs of health policy issues and major changes to fix the problems of the elderly hospital stay.

Due to the increasing longevity of the elderly¡ improvement of psycho-social satisfaction¡ quality of life¡ and protection of health is important in the elderly. Since the elderly are very vulnerable in terms of mental health¡ use of cheap¡ efficient and safe methods¡ such as instilling hope and active listening program for the mental health of older people¡ is recommended. This study aimed at investigating the effect of instilling hope and active listening program on mental health of elderly residents of Kahrizak nursing home.
In this semi-experimental study with pre and posttests¡ 90 elderly residents of Kahrizak nursing home¡ which fulfilled the inclusion criteria participated in 2 groups; one case group and one control group¡ which were divided by randomized permuted block. The case group received 90 days of hope facilitation and active listening intervention. Data was gathered using demographic test information questionnaire and a 28-question mental health. SPSS version 20 was applied for data analysis.
After the intervention¡ the mean and standard deviation of mental health in the intervention and control groups were 23/10 ± 44/20 and 9/11 ± 56/23¡ respectively. There was a significant difference between the mental health of the 2 groups so that the average score had improved in the intervention group when compared to the control group (P 0.05). However¡ after the intervention¡ the average of mental health score in the intervention group increased significantly (P 0.05).
This study showed that the effect of instilling hope and active listening program cause the promotion of mental health in the intervention group. Thus it seems instilling hope and active listening program can be applicable along with other methods of care and rehabilitation as a simple¡ safe¡ inexpensive¡ and effective technique in promotion of mental health¡ and reduce the symptoms of mental disorders in the elderly.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common progressive neurological disorder in young adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Frenkel''s training with and without suit therapy on fatigue and balance of MS patients.
This research was a semi-empirical study¡ in which 45 male and female participants suffering from MS¡ were recruited voluntarily and purposefully in this study and were then randomly assigned to 3 groups of control¡ without suit therapy¡ and with suit therapy. The groups with and without suit therapy in addition to pharmacotherapy¡ received 8 weeks of Frenkel''s training¡ including 3 sixty-minute sessions per week¡ while the patients of the control group had only received pharmacotherapy during this period. The patient''s fatigue (FFS) and balance (Berg) were evaluated at the beginning and the end of 8 weeks. All data were analyzed using paired t test¡ one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post-test. In this study¡ a statistically significant level of P A significant difference was observed in fatigue between the 3 groups (P=0.000). A significant improvement was observed in the group without suit therapy when compared with the control group (P = 0.020)¡ and a significant improvement in the group with suit therapy compared with the control group (P = 0.000)¡ yet¡ between the groups with and without suit therapy¡ no significant difference was observed (P = 0.244). A significant difference was observed in balance between the 3 groups (P = 0.000). A significant improvement was observed in the group without suit therapy compared with the control group (P = 0.006)¡ and a significant improvement in the group with suit therapy compared with the control group (P = 0.000)¡ and also a significant improvement in the group with suit therapy in comparison to without suit therapy (P = 0.032).
It seems that Frenkel''s training had a positive effect on fatigue and balance of MS patients¡ and also in balance improvement Frenkel''s training with suit therapy is better than without suit therapy.

Decrease in reaction time is a factor which can interfere with daily living functions and thus reduce the quality of life of middle-aged women. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of eight-Week selected Hatha yoga exercise intervention on auditory and visual reaction time in retired women.
Subjects included 44 middle-aged women who were randomly divided into two groups of experimental (n = 22) and control (n = 22). The exercise protocol consisted of 24 sessions of progressive Hatha yoga training (thrice a week). The control group did not do any exercise. The reaction time was assessed by ELECTRONIC CHOICE REACTION TIME DEVICE¡ in pre-¡ mid- and post-intervention yoga training and data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and analysis of variance with repeated measure (SPSS).
The results showed no significant differences between the two groups¡ but after the Hatha yoga exercise the experimental group was significantly different in simple and choice reaction time factors (P ≤ 0.05). However¡ this difference was not significant in the control group (P ≥ 0.05).
The present research showed that yoga exercise could result in decrease in simple¡ choice and auditory reaction times of old people¡ which can raise the ability of concentration and attention caused by increased level of awareness towards environment and self through Hatha yoga exercises. Therefore¡ doing yoga exercises to prevent seniors'' falls is recommended.

Low back pain is the first cause of disability in people under 45 years of age. Compared with healthy subjects¡ these people have instability in postural control and also a shortness of hamstrings¡ which can cause low back pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aquatic therapy on the postural control and hamstring flexibility in females with chronic low back pain.
This study was a quasi-experimental and subjects were 20- to 40-year-old females that had referred to Hamadan physiotherapy clinics. The Y balance test was used to measure postural control and AKE test was used to measure the length of the hamstring muscles. The TRN group performed aquatic exercises for 6 weeks¡ 3 days per week. Paired and independent t test was used to analyze the data and significance level was set at 0.05 (P ≤ 0.05).
Paired t test showed that the training group had significantly improved after training in postural control and flexibility of their hamstring muscles (P ≤ 0.05)¡ yet¡ in the control group¡ no significant improvement was indicated and the independent t test showed that there was a significant difference in the change of these variables in the two groups.
The aquatic therapy program used in this study improved postural control and increase hamstring flexibility¡ which is an important factor in low back pain. According to the results of this study¡ this program can probably be used in rehabilitation program of patients with low back pain to improve postural control and increase flexibility of the hamstring muscles.

Hypertension is one of the most common diseases of the elderlies with highly frequent visit to doctor¡ leading to other diseases. Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is one of the factors that may be associated with hypertension in elderlies. The present study was implemented to investigate the association between hypertension and RLS in the senility.
This case-control study was conducted in 2016 on 125 elderlies sited in personal home (25 people with hypertension and 100 without it) using available sampling method. RLS screening questionnaire¡ blood pressure chart and demographic form were completed by the elders. Presence of RLS was confirmed by a neurologist. Data were analyzed by SPSS (version 18) statistical software¡ using descriptive statistics¡ independent t-test¡ Mann-Whitney-u¡ chi-squared and logistic regression tests. P value was less than 0.05 and it was considered as statistically significant.
The mean age of samples in this survey was 73.1 ± 6.9 years. Eight (32%) of the people with hypertension and 12 (12%) of the healthy ones had RLS. The results of this study showed that there was a significant association between hypertension and RLS¡ and RLS in elderlies with hypertension was 3.45 times more than those with normal blood pressure (P = 0.015¡ OR = 3.45¡ CI 95% = 1.2-9.7).
There is an association between hypertension and RLS in elderlies. Therefore¡ screening procedure to identify hypertensive people with RLS seems necessary.

The caregivers of people with physical¡ mental and multiple retardation in the welfare center encounter stress and depression due to special working conditions. Therefore¡ the purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship of the components of hardiness with the aspects of burnout in caregivers of people with physical¡ mental and multiple retardation in the welfare center of Isfahan city.
It was a descriptive-correlational study; so¡ all the 54 present people were selected through poll taking sampling method to take part in the study. The data collection instrument included Kobasa''s hardiness questionnaire and Meslesh and Jackson''s burnout questionnaire. In order to analyze the data¡ descriptive analysis method and Pearson’s correlation statistic method were appropriately used via SPSS 18 software.
The data analysis showed that there was a significant relationship in the component of affective tiredness (r = - 0.49¡ P According to the findings of this study¡ it seems necessary for the caregivers of physical¡ mental and multiple retarded people to pay enough attention to the components of hardiness so that we can see less burnout and more yield in caregivers.