مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اردبیل
پیاپی 48 (تابستان 1392)

The development of technology has naturally given rise to an increase in environmental low-frequency electromagnetic fields and consequently has attracted scholars'' attention. Most of the studies have focused on transmission lines and power system distribution with 50 Hz. This research is an attempt to show the effect of 50 Hz magnetic fields on bioelectric parameters and indicates the possible influence of this change in F1 cells of Helix aspersa. The present research used Helix aspersa neuron F1 to identify the location of magnetic fields as well as the rate of effects of environmental magnetic fields on nervous system. Control group was used to study the effect of elapsed time، electrode entering and the cell membrane rupture. Intuition group and environmental group were considered in order to study the potential impact of interfering environmental factors and identify the effectiveness rate of magnetic fields، respectively. For the purpose of producing uniform magnetic field Helmholtz coil was used. Electrophysiological recording was realized under the requirements of current clamp. And، in order to show the impacts from magnetic fields on ion channels Hodgkin-Huxley cell model was applied. All data were analyzed taking the advantage of SPSS 16 software and two-way ANOVA statistical test. P < 0. 05 was considered as significance level. And MATLAB software environment and PSO were used in order for applying the algorithm and estimating the parameters. No statistically significant difference was found between control and sham groups in different time intervals. Once the 45. 87 microtesla was applied significant differences were observed 12 minutes after the application. The highest amount of change happened 14 minutes after the application of more fields. With the application of the field، the amplitude of the sodium action potential shows decreasing trend. No significant changes were observed in different time intervals، whereas significant differences were seen in frequency of action potential during different time intervals. The amplitude of AHP shows no significant changes. The results indicated that low-frequency magnetic fields with 50 Hz frequency will directly lead to change in bioelectric activities of neurons through a change in amount and rate of opening and closing of ionic channels and the conductivity of sodium and potassium channels reduces together with increase in conductance of potassium dependent calcium channel (AHP).

Elevated apolipoprotein B-100 and decreased Plasma HDL due to hypertriglyceridemia are common abnormalities in insulin-resistant subjects that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks progressive aerobic exercise (AE) on blood glucose، lipid and lipoprotein profile، and aerobic power in adults with type 2 diabetes. Twenty nine women with type 2 diabetes (mean age 43. 4 ± 1. 7 years and blood glucose range of 150 to 230 mg/dl) were divided into a control (n=14) and exercise (n=15) groups. Exercise group participated in an aerobic training program 3 times per week for 8 weeks. The intensity of aerobic exercise was 60–75% of HR max. The control subjects were asked not to alter their physical activity patterns. All subjects underwent anthropometric، lipid profile and aerobic power evaluation، at the baseline and 48 hours after last session training. Following a 12 h overnight fasting، a venous blood sample was drawn for the analysis of total cholesterol (TC)، triglycerides (TG)، high density lipoprotein (HDL)، low-density lipoprotein (LDL)، and (apoB100). Paired t test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to analyze the data. Significant improvement was observed in FBS، aerobic power، percent body fat، (apo) B-100 and triglycerides (p < 0. 05) for the exercise compared with the control group after training. No significant difference was observed in TC، LDL and HDL between two groups. According to our findings moderate intensity physical exercise can be effective in preventing the atherosclerosis via significant improvement in blood sugar، cardiovascular endurance، APO B-100 and triglyceride in patients with type 2 diabetes.

The aim of this study was to design and construct a plasmid containing mutated large T antigen and replication origin of SV40 to develop a safe vector which can be recognized and replicated episomally by trans elements of eukaryotic cells without any interaction with P53 and retinoblastoma. Therefore، it can have a safe application in gene therapy and recombinant protein production is possible. Suitable mutants for creating safe large T antigen were analyzed by MODELLER software and finally three appropriate structures were selected. Desired mutations were created in the nucleotide sequence of large T antigen by PCR method. Mutated large T antigen gene was cloned in the IRES2-EGFP. All clones were analyzed by PCR، restriction analysis and sequencing. HEK293 and CHO cell lines were transfected by final construct and transfected cells were observed by fluorescent microscope for 40 days. Plasmid and genomic DNA were extracted from remained cells and overlap PCRs performed on them to confirm their circularity. This plasmid، contains mutated large T antigen and replication origin of SV40، can be replicated in eukaryotic cells and then can be used in gene therapy and recombinant protein production with high safety. The results of PCR، restriction analysis and sequencing confirm the authenticity of construct. The transfection of HEK293 and CHO cell lines showed replication of constructed plasmid in them.

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the most common complications of anesthesia and without prophylactic intervention occurs in about one-third of patients under general anesthesia. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of ondansetron and metoclopramide in reducing PONV after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In this study، 90 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly allocated into three equal groups (n =30) and in the first group 10 mg metoclopramide، in the second group 4 mg ondansetron and for placebo group 2 cc normal saline preoperatively were injected. Anesthesia complications in recovery and nausea and vomiting in recovery and 6 hours and 24 hours after surgery were evaluated. Data were analyzed by SPSS software with chi-square test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). P <0. 05 was considered significant. The incidence of nausea in placebo group was 66. 7 %، in metoclopramide group was 43. 3 % and in ondansetron group was 33. 3 %. The difference only between placebo and ondansetron groups was significant (p =0. 019). The incidence of vomiting in placebo group was 56. 7%، in metoclopramide group was 20% and in ondansetron group was 26. 7% and there was significant difference between placebo and ondansetron groups (p =0. 035) and between placebo and metoclopramide groups (p =0. 007)، whereas there was not any significant difference between intervention groups (p =0. 12). Also anti-emetic drug administration in ondansetron group (40%) in comparison with metoclopramide (63. 3%) and placebo (66. 7%) was lower، but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0. 07). For prevention of vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy، both metoclopramide and ondansetron are effective. In comparing these two drugs، in preventing of nausea ondansetron is more effective than metoclopramide، whereas there was not any significant difference between two drugs in preventing of vomiting.

Giardia duodenalis is the most common intestinal parasite with cosmopolitan distribution. This parasite has been found in the intestine of humans and other mammalian hosts including cats، dogs، cattle، sheep، deer، pigs and muskrats. It is postulated that animals maybe reservoir for human infection and viceversa. In present study، the possible genetic similarity between cat and humans Giardia and its probable zoonosis were investigated. Direct examination and formalin-ether concentration techniques were performed on stray and semi stray cat fecal specimens. Gradient sucrose method was applied for collection and purification of cysts and DNA extraction was performed by phenol-chloroform and CTAB (Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromid (methods. DNA of cysts could hardly be extracted after repeated freezing and thawing. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for DNA amplification. In this study triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) gene was selected as a molecular marker. Two sets of primers (PM 290 and PM 924) were considered. Two restriction enzymes RsaI and AvaI were also used to determine restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for PCR fragments amplified by both primer sets. Ten samples were positive for Giardia cysts which were examined for molecular investigation. Four cat isolates were amplified by PM 290. PCR-RFLP patterns were found to be similar to human isolates AC≠AF 069556 (subgroup of AC≠U 57897) with possibility of cross-transmission. Therefore the similarity of genomic characters of isolates of cat and human Giardia implies possibility of zoonosis and transmission of these protozoa from cat to human and vice versa.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of rTMS (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation) in reduction the signs and symptoms of depression، such as cognitive، bodily and negativity-worthlessness in recurrent major depression. It was used a quasi-experimental، pretest-posttest design with control group، a sample consisting of 32 patients who had recurrent depression on the basis of DSM-IV،SCID and BDI-II scale & Hamilton scales، were randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental group underwent 20 sessions of rTMS as the independent factor and both groups (control &experimental) had 12 sessions of psychotherapy and drugs treatment. Upon the intervention، both groups were tested with triplex tests، to determine the effect of the independent factor on the dependent factor of rTMS. Data were analyzed using Chi square، T- test، covariance and repeated measures analysis of variance. With comprise between pre &post-test، we understand the effect of rTMSin cognitive، bodily and negativity-worthlessness scalesthe difference of two groups was significant، but the decrease of cognitive scale was higher than other two scales. All the tests showed the reduction of signs and symptoms of recurrent depression in participants. The rTMS is effective in treatment of triple signs andsymptoms (cognitive، bodily and negativity-worthlessness) in patients with recurrent major depression.

Considering new pandemic attack with new emerging (H1N1) influenza virus، the study was designed for evaluating clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of patients in Imam Khomeini hospital، admitted with presumptive diagnosis of H1N1 influenza. In all of the patients clinical and paraclinical findings and outcome (including mortality rate and definitive diagnosis) were evaluated. Bed occupancy rate in infectious disease ward and ICU and also mean days of admission were calculated. This is a cross sectional study. All 118 patients with acute respiratory symptoms and possible diagnosis of emerging H1N1 influenza that had been admitted at least 24 hours in hospital from 20 October to 1 February 2009 were enrolled in the study. Data collection was done based on questionnaires، with a team other than researchers. The questionnaire included demographic data، clinical symptoms، laboratory findings، radiographic manifestations and outcome of patients. Data analysis was performed with SPSS software version16. A total of 118 patients were studied: 71 patients (60. 2%) were female and 47 patients (39. 8%) were male. Mean (±SD) age of admitted patients was 33. 81±15. 64 years old. The most of admitted patients were in age range of 15 to 30 years old. The most common findings in CXR were bilateral respiratory consolidations and the most common symptoms were fever، weakness and fatigue. About 12. 7% of patients had diarrhea. Leukopenia (WBC < 4000) and leukocytosis (WBC > 10000) occurred respectively in 4. 58% and 33. 2% of cases. Nine patients (7%) were admitted in ICU. In 21 patients (18%) RT-PCR test results were positive and three of these patients had been admitted in ICU. In patients admitted in ICU while their diagnosis was confirmed، mortality was 33%. 48. 3% of patients had at least one predisposing medical condition. Total admission days were 577 days، consisting 519 days in infectious disease ward and 58 days in ICU. Average of hospitalization days per a patient was 4. 88 days. Except epidemiologic clues، there was no pathognomonic sign or symptom to differentiate influenza H1N1 from other respiratory tract infections. High proportions of pregnant women، bilateral respiratory consolidations، and presence of diarrhea and leukopenia in considerable number of patients were the most important findings of the study.

Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder that has negative effect on physical function، psychological condition، interpersonal، family and social relationship and in general، on psychological well being. The aim of this study was to investigate of psychological profile in diabetic patients and it''s relatioship with social support. In this descriptive-correlational study، 120 diabetic patients have been selected among of those that systematically refered to Diabetes Clinic of Emam Khomeini Hospital in order to follow their therapeutic process in Ardabil. Data gathering was accomplished by two tests: SCL-90-R and Social Support Scale. Finally data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and T-test on SPSS-17 software and p-value less than 0. 05 considered as significant. Results showed that 70% of diabetic patients had problems in somatic complaint and obsession، 62. 5% in sensitivity، 72. 5% in depression، 62. 5% in anxiety، 55% in hostility، 67. 5% in paranoid thoughts، 27. 5% in phobia and 37. 5% in psychosis. Correlations between social support with somatic complaint، obsession، sensitivity، depression، anxiety، hostility and paranoid thoughts were negatively significant. Family support associated significantly with all of the psychological variables but friend Support had no significant correlation with them. The range of psychological problems experienced by diabetic patients is more extensive and these problems have significant relationship with social support. Thus، attention to different dimensions of psychological health is necessary and social support-based interventions can be more effective.

Advances in public health and control of infectious diseases have led to increased number of elderly people in the world including Iran. Thus serious concerns exist in terms of age-related diseases. Consequently، Iran’s ministry of health has chosen “ageing and health” as the theme for 2012 along with WHO. Psychological disorders are among the most prevalent diseases in elderly people. Recent studies suggest a two-way relationship between some psychological disorders and insomnia. Also there is evidence implying magnesium role in improvement of aforementioned disorders. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary magnesium supplementation on mental health in insomniac elderly subjects. A double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 46 insomniac elderly subjects randomly allocated into the magnesium or the placebo group، receiving daily for 8 weeks either 500 mg magnesium or a placebo، respectively. SCL-90-R and ISI questionnaires were conducted at baseline and at the end of the intervention period. Serum magnesium and cortisol levels were also determined in the patients. In addition، information was obtained on anthropometric confounding factors and daily intake of magnesium، calcium، potassium and caffeine using 24-hr dietary recall questionnaire for 3 days. The N4 and SPSS19 were used for data analysis. No significant differences were observed in assessed variables between the two groups at baseline. As compared to the placebo group، in the experimental group، dietary magnesium supplementation brought about statistically significant decreases in GSI، PST، PSDI، ISI scores as well as somatization، anxiety، psychoticism، and depression symptoms and serum cortisol concentration. While the obsessive-compulsive، interpersonal sensitivity، hostility، phobic anxiety، paranoid ideation scores and serum magnesium concentration were not different between the experimental and the placebo groups. In this study dietary magnesium supplementation resulted in improvements in insomnia severity index and some indices of mental health.

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world and is considered as one of the top five cancers in Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology and risk factors for lung cancer in Ardabil. This cross-sectional study was done in Ardabil province since May 2009 to May 2011. Subjects were evaluated from two sources; the first group was selected from patients of the Imam Khomeini hospital of Ardabil. These patients were underwent bronchoscopic biopsy in this center and their pathological reports were positive for primary lung cancer. The second group included the patients were reported in Ardabil cancer registry center with diagnosis of primary lung cancer and their samples have been sent to the other centers for analysis. We collected the data in a data sheet for each group separately and analyzed through the use of SPSS (ver. 16) statistical package. A total of 124 patients with lung cancer enrolled in this study (79% in the first group and 21% in second group). The male gender was dominant among the patients (82. 3%) and the mean age of 64. 23±9. 99 years. In the first group more than half of the patients (54. 1%) were urban، 90. 8% had a history of smoking (mean 38. 67±25. 70 packs of cigarettes per year) and the history of opium abuse was high among subjects (34. 7%)، the positive family history of cancer was 17. 3%، and the most common chief complaint at the time of diagnosis was bloody sputum (32. 7%). Right upper lobe was the most common site of cancer in bronchoscopy of this group (27. 64%) and squamous cell carcinoma was the most common form of malignancy (61. 3%). This study showed that unlike developed countries and in line with domestic studies، squamous cell carcinoma was the most common lung cancer، and adenocarcinoma was less common. Lung cancer among the men was seen 4. 6 times more than women، and smoking was the most important risk factor.

Bone metastases induce harmful potential complications on the life of patients. Pamidronate reduces skeletal complications in patients with bone metastases. This study evaluated the effect of Pamidronate on bone pain in cancer patients with bone metastasis. This was quasi experimental study carried out at Imam Sajjad hospital in Ramsar on 41 patients with malignancy by convenience sampling. In this study 90 mg of Pamidronate was injected intravenously each month for 3 months. Data collection was done through demographic and clinical data questionnaire and visual analog scale. Data of before and after intervention were compared. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t tests، chi-square، Friedman and Wilcox on tests with SPSS version 11. 5 and p<0. 05 was considered significant. Statistical analysis showed that the most age group (36%) was 50-59 years and the most patients (65. 9%) were female. The most common type of cancer was breast (43. 9%) and the most common bone metastasis point in the most of patients (65. 9%) was diffuse. The most common sites of pain associated with bone were sternum، ischium and T3-T4 vertebrae. Before treatment، the most patients (80. 5%) complained of moderate pain whereas after treatment، the majority of them (41. 5%) complained of low pain. The results of this study indicated that there was significant difference (p =0. 032) between consumption of NSAIDs before and after treatment، but there was no significant difference between consumption of opium before and after treatment (p=0. 096). Pamidronate is effective in prevention of losing bone، reduced pain and analgesic consumption. So itcanbe usedas primaryand routinetreatment.