فهرست مطالب

فصلنامه آزمایشگاه و تشخیص
پیاپی 39 (بهار 1397)

تاریخ انتشار: 1397/03/30
تعداد عناوین: 19

فارسی
English

انتخاب همه

Doping, Autologous blood transfusion,New biomarkers

Mehdi Ramshyny *, Fariba Nabatchian Dr Pages 9-14

Background And Aim
Autologous blood transfusions (ABTs) increase the performance of athletes by increasing the oxygen carrying capacity and the number of red blood cells, and is the most challenging doping in diagnosis in recent years. The purpose of this study was to examine the methods and biomarkers that have been used to diagnose ABTs. with the keywords of autologous blood transfusion, autologous doping.
Material and
Methods
In this review article, articles were analyzed with the keywords of autologous blood transfusion, autologous doping. in the Pubmed database, google scholar.
Results
In the detection of blood doping, various methods and biomarkers have been introduced that can show nearly autologous blood transfusions, such as: capillary electrophoresis, iron, hepcidin, di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), micro-RNA, Mass of total hemoglobin (tHb), and passport biological athlete (ABP).
Conclusions
unlike doping of homologous blood transfusion and erythropoietin stimuli, there is currently no direct way to determine doping through autologous blood transfusion. Receiving (injections) of blood currently examines individual hematological variables through the process of biological sports passport (ABP), and this requires more correction. Additional indirect biomarkers can increase the sensitivity and specificity of the method.
Keywords: autologous blood transfusion, blood doping, passport biological athlete, biomarkers

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Nail diseases: section 5

Mohammad Ghahri Dr * Pages 15-21

Pachyonychia congenital is a kind of familial anomaly of keratinized tissues such as skin, and nails. It is autosomal dominantly inherited. This anomaly affects the skin (palms and soles), nails and oral mucosa. Abnormalities of nails are apparent early in life. Nails are thickened (pachyonychia), often with brownish discolouration. All finger nails are commonly involved. It is diagnosed usually by its clinical appearance.
Nailpatella syndrome is a genetic disorder that results in small, poorly developed nails and kneecaps, but can also affect many other areas of the body, such as the elbows, chest, and hips. The hallmark features of this syndrome are poorly developed fingernails, toenails, and patellae. Sometimes, this disease causes the affected person to have either no thumbnails or a small piece of a thumbnail on the edge of the thumb. The lack of development, or complete absence of fingernails results from the loss of function mutations in the LMX1B gene. This mutation may cause a reduction in dorsalising signals, which then results in the failure to normally develop dorsal specific structures such as nails and patellae. Other common abnormalities include elbow deformities, abnormally shaped pelvic bones, and kidney disease.
Twenty-nail dystrophy is also known as trachyonychia. The condition is characterized by longitudinal ridging, pitting, loss of lustre, and roughening of the nail surface. This condition appears to be associated with other conditions such as lichen planus, eczema, psoriasis, and alopecia areata, in some cases an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance has been found.
Keywords: pachyonychia, nail dystrophy, nail diseases

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Drug development against tuberculosis: Past, present and future

Reza Ghotaslou Dr *, Ayden Lelahzadeh Pages 22-24

Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) was detected as early as 5000 years ago with confirmation, which is a primeval enemy of the humanoid race. It residues a main cause of morbidity and mortality in poor low-income countries as well as in developing countries because of non-availability of reliable laboratory services. The present treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is lengthy, difficult, and connected with severe harmful side effects and reduced outcomes. Furthermore, the emergence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis eruptions is hampering efforts to control and manage tuberculosis. Also, the pipeline of possible new treatments has been fulfilled with several compounds in clinical trials or preclinical development with promising activities against sensitive and resistant MTB bacteria. An additional new chemical entity is also under development.
Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Tuberculosis, New drugs, Drug Resistance

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Evalution of HSP70 level in patients saliva with active oral lesions of Behcet s disease, in comparation with Healthy individuals

Niloufar Bonyadi *, Hosein Eslami Dr, Mohammad Reza Bonyadi Dr, Alireza Khabbazi Dr Pages 25-32

Introduction
Behcets disease (BD) is an autoimmune and chronic disease,which can effect multiple systems in the human body. Oral lesions are one of the main symptoms of BD and one of the main pathogenesis of BD is HSP.
Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) are a group of intra-cellular proteins that play scavenger role for other intra-cellular proteins under denaturation stress conditions.HSP70 maybe as a pro-inflammatory cytokine that causing tissue damage in Behcets disease.
Substantial studies had benn carried out in the field of Behcets disease and majority of them were measured and used the sera of the patients, however, none of them focused on HSP70 levels in the saliva of BD (especially with active oral lesions) as a biomarker. Also taking samples of saliva in comparsion with the supply of their sera, is a non-invasive for the patients and ethically acceptable in research community. There for, the aim of this study, is to evaluate the HSP70 level in saliva of patient as a diagnostic criteria for BD.
Materials And Methods
In this case-control study, after taking samples from saliva of Behcet disease and healthy individuals, during that periods, HSP70 levels, were evaluated by ELISA method and HANGZHOU kit.
SPSS 16 was used to carry out descriptive statistics analysis and U-Mann Whitney test analysis for independent samples. P value is calculated and less than 0.001 was considered significant in this study.
Results
In this study,35 cases of not-cured Behcets disease with active oral lesions and 70 cases of healthy individuals, who referred to Imam Reza hospital in Tabriz, Iran since Oct 2016 to Aug 2017 were evaluated.The mean age of patients was (37.7±8.2) and mean age of health control group was (35±9.3).The mean of HSP70 levels in patients saliva was (45.50±17.53 ng/ml) and mean of HSP70 levels in health control group s saliva was (19.58±5.25 ng/ml). ( P
Conclusion
Results of this study showed that HSP70 levels in pateints saliva with active oral lesions of Behcets disease, are higher than HSP70 levels in healthy individuals saliva.This is the first report that evaluate and compare HSP70 level in saliva of the patients with BD (especially with active oral lesions) and healthy control.
Keywords: Behcet's disease, HSP70, Saliva, active oral lesions

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A review of multiple sclerosis activity during before pregnancy, pregnancy and post partum

Mahsa Golahdooz * Pages 33-40

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. In MS disease, myelin sheath around axons is destroyed by immune attack, and the patients will experience various disorders and disabilities based on the severity and locations of injuries. Most people with MS are women in childbearing age. These women may experience various levels of disturbances such as sexual dysfunction, irregular menstural cycle, hormonal disorders and even infertility during their illness. In MS, due to the failure of thymic selection, an imbalance occurs in immune responses that are associated with excessive cellular immunity and inflammation that occure due to the activity of self reactive cells. On the other hand, changes occur in the body of the pregnant and cellular immunity is suppressed and humoral immunity prevails. Therefore, it seems logical that patients with cellular autoimmunity such as MS during pregnancy will have a relative improvement in their illness. This study is a review of research on the complications of MS disease on hormonal levels, menstrual cycles, fertilization or infertility, as well as an overview of the disease activity during pregnancy and post partum.
Keywords: atuoimmiunity, hormonal disorders, pregnancy, menstural cycle, Multiple sclerosis

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Chikungunya virus: A short review

Rohollah Salemi Gheshlagh *, Sajad Hazizadeh, Amin Ataei Pages 41-45

Chikungunya virus is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that causes chikungunya fever, a febrile illness associated with severe arthralgia and rash. Chikungunya virus is transmitted by culicine mosquitoes; Chikungunya virus replicates in the skin, disseminates to liver, muscle, joints, lymphoid tissue and brain, presumably through the blood. Laboratory diagnosis relies upon the detection of the virus on early samples and/or specific anti-CHIKV IgM and IgG on blood samples. For diagnosis, monitoring, detection and genotyping of CHIKV, conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods have been used. Regarding the detection of CHIKV-RNA, other teqniques based on RT-PCR involved qRT-PCR, A SYBR Green I based quantitative RT-PCR assay and DANP- RTPCR.
Keywords: Chikungunya virus_arthralgia_anti-CHIKV IgM_qRT-PCR_A SYBR Green I based quantitative RT-PCR assay_DANP- RTPCR

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