فصلنامه تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی
پیاپی 23 (زمستان 1390)

Since the beginning of tourism and sight-seeing, the Shemiranat and minor Lavasanat region have special tourism-Argo-ecotourism attractions. The populated cherry gardens as the main source of cherry production in the country, located in proximity to the Metropolitan Tehran, should specifically be mentioned. In this work, the SWOT model is used to investigate the feasibility of tourism, eco-tourism and the development of the country sight-seeing. The results of this research indicate that the Shemiranat and minor Lavasant region have high potential strengths and capabilities for tourism and Agro-ecotourism activities. The necessity of applying essential strategies and solutions is therefore emphasized due to two reasons: Firstly the particular aspects of Agro-tourism should be strengthened by removing or at least reducing the threats and obstacles hindering the development of tourism. Secondly, the principle of comparative advantage and the use of particular external factors such as the proximity to metropolitan Tehran as the country tourist hub are addressed. This highlights the optimum opportunity of the region for the sustainability of the rural settlements.

In this research the spatial analysis of precipitation in humid seasons of the year in Ardebil Province was studied. Markov chain model is a special case of the models in which the linear case of a system is related to its previous cases. In this research the data of the daily raining was divided into two different groups (arid and humid) in five climatology synoptic stations (Ardabil, Khalkhal, Meshkinshahr, Parsabad, Saryein) in winter, spring and autumn and was analysed by using the spss software of statistic processing. And in final step by using the Arcgis software (saj) the probable percipitation maps of the province were drawn. The results show that Ardebil Province has many arid periods. And also in this province the short arid and humid periods happen more than long arid and humid periods. Raining except in Khalkhal Station does not last long and in other stations it lasts for short and discontinuous periods. Markov chain model is a good model to obtain the short and long humid and arid periods. Especially for the regions like Ardebil in which its humid and arid periods do not exist in the same place and conform to the model completely.

Considering that the main need of earthquake injured is shelter and it impassible to immediately preparing after earthquake for earthquake injured, before the occurrence of such crises where appropriate (for urban access, security, avoidance of risk prone areas, etc.) for damage provided earthquake injured. The purpose of this study is to optimize the location of temporary housing for injured of the earthquake potential and prediction of Zanjan about combining proper planning and research, earthquake disaster management with facilities to identify locations for temporary resettlement to help, so that in the event of earthquake disasters, the rapid establishment of camps for earthquake victims as possible. In this study, using 14 criteria in the form of criteria and human criteria using hierarchical analysis (AHP) to place a temporary settlement area in the city of Zanjan has been seeking. The results indicate a lack of adequate spaces, including parks and open spaces in the city of Zanjan is a city for the earthquake victims, in which tissue from other parts of the central city more clearly seen.

Natural parameters are the main and defining factors in physical development aspects of the cities and habitats. The effects of these factors as developmental obstacles are doubled in a mountainous region and can cause natural hazards. In this study we tried to identify the optimal directions of physical development in Divandareh as a mountainous region through recognizing and evaluation of influential factors. To do so, 10 effective indices are used and for evaluation, modeling and predicting the suitable areas of physical development of the city, the fuzzy logic model is used so that each layer are entered into the ARC GIS 9.3 software. And then product, sum and various amounts of Fuzzy gamma operator are implemented in these layers.. Analytical comparison on suitable zones of the present situation of city based on critical points with appropriate zones obtained from gamma amounts were done in order to select the optimal fuzzy gamma and it was identified that 0.8 fuzzy gamma has the maximum compatibility with the suitable lands for existing condition of the city. Then final map was grouped into 5 classes and it was determined that 24 percent of the study area (28.87 km2) is located in the class with the high suitability. 56.7 percent of the area (68 km2) is located in a unfit suitability class. Based on the final classified map of we can conclude that the suitable zones for future physical development of Divandareh are mostly located in east, partly in northern and south-eastern areas in a disperse manner.

Concerns of social and political consequences of environmental degradation, global warming and conflicts over natural resources, have put Environment on the Center of Security Studies in the twenty-first century. So that, ecological insecurity and the destruction of the biosphere as part of non-traditional threats have strongly linked to human security. According to geographical and political issues, over the past two decades, geopolitics science, where land (geo) and politics are compounded in the environmental geopolitics, has analyzed events and issues of conflicts over natural resources and lack of natural resources. Since the 1980s, interaction and interrelationship of concepts and examples of politics, power and environment have become the most frequent words of the Environmental analysis issues. According to this perspective, the relations between power and the biosphere are strongly mixed together. This can be studied only in Geopolitics. Hence, these threats have global function. Accordingly, military, national and traditional approaches can not explain the factors of non-traditional threats. Based on this, for explanation and security management, we have to consider human oriention and global cooperation.

All over the world and particularly in developing countries, achieving a stable management of natural resources based on local communitie's participation via governmental-based methods have been widely effective in countering the environmental destruction and improving the rural subsistence. An appropriate and systematic participation happens when local communities have the right to make decisions or they are to some extent involved in decision making. Sequestration project in Hossein Abad Qeynab Plain was set up to develop the participatory model and mobilizing local communities in this arid and semi-arid ecosystem with the aim of eliminating poverty and improving the Human Development Index (HDI) as well as increasing the carbon dioxide absorption. The goal of this paper is exploring stability of rural development groups established in the area in case official (governmental) systems are omitted. This study is an applied one in objective and deductive-descriptive in content and method. Data were collected using documents and field study. The statistical population of this study consisted of 40 development groups in villages of Hossein Abad Qeynab Plain chosen via two stage cluster sampling method. First, 19 groups were chosen among the whole 40 groups and at the second stage a sample 267 was chosen among the members of each group. The statistical analysis shows that the established development groups gained the necessary stability for pursuing their activities because of factors such as supporting participation, making use of educational courses and the improvement of knowledge level of the people, providing varied employment opportunities, reducing dependence to pastures and finally getting familiar with administrative and banking processes.

Bazoft basin is one of sub basin of Karun watershed. It is quite mountainous and high and snow melt runoff is very important in this area. In this study, SRM (Snowmelt Runoff Modeling) is used for runoff computation. The model computes the snowmelt runoff by using 8 day product of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectra-radiometer [MODIS] satellite data,. The results of model simulations show successful and satisfactory. The model accuracy evaluated by comparison of two computed and measured runoff that the simulation was successful with the coefficient of determination (R2) and volume difference (Dv) are 82 and -18/9%. The results show the high accuracy of the model in computing snowmelt runoff for the study area.