فصلنامه تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی
پیاپی 3-4 (بهار و تابستان 1383)

Unit Hydrograph is the widely used method for flood estimation use rain-runoff data of the known storm in the basin. Cannot Derive of unit hydrograph using the above mentioned method for flood predicting in the Un-gauge catchments. Geomorphologic instantaneous unit Hydrograph (GIUH) with application of the geomorphologic Data is a major concern solution for this basin. The equations for GIUH of 4th order stream of Amameh basin were derive based on the drainage network analysis of the Markov Chain theory application. This paper quantitatively analysis the relationships of geomorphology / hydrology parameters for flood estimation in the Amameh basin. This network analysis and application of the GIUH method play important role in flood management program especially in the Un-gauged catchments. Results from the GIUH approach were compared with the observed events.

Nowadays, applications of Geographic Information systems in various government and private sectors have increased due to the fact that these systems provide effective tools for optimum management of respective organizations. In order to have a reliable GIS, information in the system should be regularly updated. Otherwise, any analysis based on old information would be misleading. Dynamic GIS is a system that allows the changes in time for various features and objects be considered to update the system in real-time. An example of such a system is integration of Automatic Vehicle Location and Navigation System (AVLNS) with GIS. In This system, GPS provides real-time positioning information of a moving vehicle which can be directly sent to the control center via a communication link and based on these information, GIS Database is updated. This paper describes design and implementation aspects of a Dynamic GIS with emphasis on route finding based on minimum time and distance algorithms.To carry out this research, special and attribute information of study area were prepared and edited for DGIS. Secondly, Output of a AVLNS (OZTRAK) was received and entered into DGIS using VB environment. Based on analysis capabilities of DGIS, the closest junction with respect to the vehicle position is found and from this junction the next shortest path to the final destination will be determined based on shortest time-distance functions (i.e., Dijkstra algorithm). Then, a message containing new path for the vehicle is sent to the driver for changing his/her route.

One of the most important problems in drainage basins management is the calculation of flood intensity in sub basins. Certainly recognition of effective factors in flood intensity rate can be efficient to estimate of this factor in basin without hydrometric station. The object of this paper is the recognition of effective factors in flood intensity of Gavehrood basins in the west of Iran. The result of this research used to flood intensity zoning to sub basins and each of them classified in runoff potential categories. To preparing of needed data for this research has been used remote sensing technique to provide vegetation index map. After the providing needed information and fed to computer, using different method of GIS extract the result.

In process of rural development and planning, the measurement and analysis of location disparities in rural development is very important, and is guiding the planners for preparing of integrated development project and plans. In this paper using 27 indicators and applying the Morits’s Index, is measured the developing levels of rural areas in Zanjan province in economic, social, and physical matters, and then is analyzed the location disparities in rural development. The results of studies indicate high disparities in development of rural areas. The developed and developing rural areas is located mainly in the province east, while the undeveloped and less developed areas is located in the east, south and north. The development levels of rural areas have meaningful correlation with variables of the distance from development pivots and counties centers, literacy rate, employment proportion in confirm activities and population growth rate. These disparities can be explained with core-periphery theory. For the integrated development of rural areas, the decentralization in development of the Zanjan province is necessary by establishment of the development pivots, the creation and support of the town, rural centers and industrial zones in less developed rural areas.

Determination of Evapo-Transpiration (ET) in the vast area with a suitable temporal resolution is a powerful instrument in the optimum management of water resources, agricultural management in determination of the optimum cultivation for different region and for climate studies. Measurement of ET in the vast area using Lypsimeters, is very costly and time consuming. On the other hand, error in determination of ET by theoretical dilemmas such as Eddy Correlation or between ratio due to the need in using meteorological parameters are inevitable. These limitations resulted in the use of remote sensing data in determination of ET in the vast area with a suitable temporal resolution to be improved. Until now, a comprehensive study regarding remote sensing of ET in Iran either has not been implemented or is not published. Of course, occasionally some study in the possible relation between ET and parameters such as NDVI has been carried out but no simultaneous filed data to confirm such relation has been gathered.In this study we tried to introduce several methods in ET assessment using satellite images. In addition, the main difficulties in deploying the available algorithms and ways of their mitigation have been discussed.

To optimize the use of water resources, the amount of available surface and underground water must be known. The optimization process affects the environment and may damage water stores, if it was not done with due consideration. Currently, many of Iranian plains are prohibited from ground water use, and some of the lands have already been damaged.To determine water resources scientifically, current water budget must be known. Statistical, hydrological, and hydro geological information must be gathered, and analyzed to determine the water budget. Underground water budget is used more frequently in Iran, as such, in this paper, hydrological budget has been computed, and then, underground water budget has been calculated and delivered in Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. The results have then been presented in a hard copy map. Using water budget information, critical points have been estimated, such that the damage to the underground aquifer is minimized. Permissible water extraction area, and the suitable well distances are also depicted. According to the results of this research, most of Talesh plain can be used for water revenue.

In current world, moving towards tourism economic characteristics around value product law to value structure law, has given the opportunities to aim to inter-spatial potentials of different spaces. Among all, spatial approach to tourism reflects patterns and different kinds of tourism. However, in this paper Agro-tourism is a sample at a type of tourism in spatial pattern of rural tourism and its different effects will be examined.

Most of the drought indices are not enough in detecting the onset, end and accumulating stress of drought, and they do not effectively take into account the aggravating effects of runoff and evapo-transpiration, which build up with time, also most of them have a limited in monitoring ongoing drought because they are based on a monthly time step, and finally this drought Indies fail to differentiate the effects of drought on surfaced and sub-surface water supply. In the new index is proposed to solve these weaknesses. In the new index daily rather than monthly. Time steps are used. In this method used or the three statistical indices in order determined precipitation (EP). The first index is day’s mean off effective precipitation. This index shows climatological characteristics of precipitation for a station or area. The second index is the deviation of effective precipitation from mean off effective precipitation and the third index is the standardized value of deviation of effective precipitation. By using these three indices the onset and ending drought period is recognized. Finally four additional indices that show drought severity are calculated. Which contain: 1- consecutive days of negative, which show duration and severity the deficit of precipitation. 2- Accumulated precipitation deficit, which shows the precipitation departure from the normal during a defined period. 3-Precipitation for the return to normal and 4- effective drought index. In this study used a new index effective precipitation for drought monitoring in the shahrekord station. In order to fast and accurately writing program EP. In this study analysis daily precipitation shahrekord station for 1980-2001 periods and only in this paper result shows 2001 year.