فصلنامه پژوهش های دانش انتظامی
سال نوزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 74، تابستان 1396)

Smuggling is raised as a major problem in the country. The major reasons for the importance of this issue is a wide range of victims of this phenomenon, especially where the health and food security of the consumers face a serious risk. Various dimensions of quality and quantity of health-focused smuggling, physical and health losses associated with the consumption of these types of goods and the extent of risks arising from the entry, supply and illegal construction of goods in the country, the right to food security and ensuring the health of the consumer reveal the need to take differential penal policy against health-focused smuggling.

This study is of an applied and descriptive-analytic research type. The study was carried out using rules and regulations and library resources and some decrees issued by courts. This study has an educational aspect as well. Findings and

The legislator has provided special and different procedural and substantial provisions for criminal negligence in the Fighting against Smuggling Act, considering the damages and widespread and devastating hazards resulting from illegal entry of these goods, and by adopting a differential and stringent penal policy against the offender and with the approach of support for the victim, by assigning Article 27 of the Law on fight against smuggling to this issue, the perpetrators of this type of smuggling are entitled to bear the penalties for smuggling prohibited goods.

Public confidence in the police is one of the prerequisite for the success of this institution in the provision of social and public security. Many factors may affect confidence in the police and the most important one includes the mass communication media practices. The present study examines the ways of media participation encouragement for building confidence in the police.

This research is a qualitative descriptive-explanatory study. The study population consisted of managers and editors and secretaries of mass media services including audio, audio-visual, written and virtual media. Sampling was conducted using snowball sampling method and with 46 individuals theoretical saturation was reached. The data were collected through in-person semi-structured interviews.

The research showed that police can encourage the participation of the media to build confidence in the police through taking some measures such as proper and continuous interaction with the media, establishing thinking centers, timely information dissemination to the media, the possibility of reporters access to exciting records, having media spokesman, and having police reporters in the media.

Situational prevention includes measures and techniques that by focusing on intervention in crime condition and reducing crime opportunities restrain crime. Although success in crime prevention programs is based on the participation of several institutions, police plays an important role in crime prevention through relying on crime and controlling crime opportunities and using the special skills and knowledge of the police. Therefore, this article attempts to explain the acquisition of police especial skills and knowledge, and also to answer the following question: what are police required special skills and knowledge in situational crime prevention?

In terms of its objectives the present study is of an applied research type and in terms of data collection procedure it is considered as qualitative-exploratory study. The study population consisted of all elites, managers, police experts in the field of crime prevention. A combination of snowball and judgmental purposive non-probabilistic method was employed for selecting the samples. In this way, after 19 interviews the theoretical saturation was achieved. The required qualitative data were collected and using content analysis as a research technique the concepts, categories and main and secondary factors identified and analyzed.

The main and secondary codes obtained from interviews with elites and police experts revealed that a total of 51 indices were extracted and based on the theoretical foundations they were identified as 16 skill indices and 35 police especial knowledge indices in situational crime prevention. The results show that the identification of crime opportunities and the constitutive elements of crime conditions as police especial knowledge and understanding the physical environment of crime and the ability of statistical analysis of crime as the skills required by the police in crime prevention were identified with the highest frequency. Also, through promoting the level of skills and special knowledge required by the police executives the level of success for situational crime prevention programs can be predicted.

Economics plays a key role in human life. That is why the fight against economic corruption has an important status. Economic and financial crimes are the crimes that afflict today's society and hinder dynamic economic activity of the society. This study aims at examining the legal and criminological aspect of this type of crime and providing guidelines for the prevention and fight against them.

This study was conducted using descriptive-analytic method and library resources.

The first part of the study explored the Justice and legal standards of economic crimes. In this part, the economic crimes in terms of economic nature of criminal law (including legal, material and spiritual components) and economic form of criminal law at both the national and international dimensions were investigated. The study showed that there are fundamental differences between economic crimes and crimes against property, economic corruption etc. The second part of the study explains and outlines the criminological aspects of economic crime and prevention strategies. In order to explain the criminological aspects of economic crime, the Pinatel psychological theory and Merton sociological theory were cited. Then, according to the dominant approach on criminal sociology, the significant content and focus on the legal system and legal framework of the country were examined. The most important preventive strategies in this regard include: strengthening the internal beliefs and motivations of financial institutions staff members, improving the system of monitoring financial performance, particularly in the governmental sector, using the financial management system and developing related and managerial and supervisory rules.

Children injury in traffic accidents is one of the major causes of death and disability and its prevention requires training. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of traffic package provided to seven-year-old children in Tehran.

This study is a quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest-control design. The statistical population of the study included first-grade elementary school children in Tehran City. Two Thirty-member groups from two classes in the first grade of a school in the district 5 of Tehran were chosen as samples. The participants were examined by a valid and reliable questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha .91) before and after providing the educational program about traffic. The descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance were employed for data analysis.

Research showed that the mean and standard deviation of traffic safety behavior of males and females was significantly improved in post-test experimental group. The difference between the post-test scores of traffic safety in control and experimental groups, as well as the interaction effect of gender and group on post-test scores for traffic safety behavior was significant. There is also a difference between traffic safety behavior of males in experimental and control groups and females in experimental and control groups. The results showed that after training in both gender, the experimental group outperformed the control group and the effectiveness of traffic training to children is confirmed.

Injuries and damages caused by road accidents are important issue, which has been overlooked in many cases. The present study aims at analyzing the climatic factors affecting the occurrence of accidents based on the study of internal and external sources in the North West of Iran. The study of climatic variables in the area is important because the risk of climate hazards on the road surface can be controlled.

The methodology of the research in terms of its nature, method and procedure is descriptive-analytic method. For the study in the field of accident analysis the statistical methods like mean and statistical tests were employed.

The results showed that only in winter, the most significant elements of cloud cover, relative humidity, wind speed and precipitation had a direct role. But the temperature showed a reverse role in accidents. Temperature in fall with a swing had a role in accidents and in other three seasons it had a reverse role in accidents. The relative humidity had a reverse role and in accidents in the spring only, and in other three seasons the direct role is allocated to humidity. The Wind had only minimal role in accidents in spring and winter and in other seasons it had a constant role. Finally, the results showed that for providing a police preventive intervention model to reduce the effects of climate in accidents, reforming the culture of traffic and driving, enforcing traffic laws for all classes of society as well as training for reducing road accidents are essential.

Alcoholic drink is one of the most serious human problems and complicated humanistic phenomenon that undermine the foundation of human society. Young people are the most vulnerable groups against alcoholic drink consumption and naturally understanding the factors influencing alcohol use in young people is necessary for developing effective strategies for its prevention and control. Hence, this study aims at predicting alcoholic drink consumption among young people based on controlling components and family support.

This study is a of correlational research type. The statistical population of the study included 18-24-year-old young peoples in Tehran municipality district 6 in 2016. 249 individuals (153 males and 96 females) were selected using convenient sampling method. The research instruments were youths' growth and health questionnaires (Cronbach's alpha .81 and .69) and Iranian youths' risk-taking scale (Cronbach's alpha .89).

The findings showed that the mean of alcoholic drink consumption among young people in this study was 20.76 and the mean of family support and control were 17.14 and 12.14, respectively. There is also a negative and significant relationship between family support and control and alcoholic drink consumption. Thus, the variables of control and family support are significant predictors for alcohol use in young people.