فصلنامه مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات
پیاپی 51 (تابستان 1397)

The research evaluates new media impacts on Iranian mainstream media. It seems that new media in Iran these days deeply effect on mainstream media and even in some cases makes them to lose their functions. This research tries to evaluate new media impacts on Iranian mainstream media’s internal mechanisms and also relations between them with politic and economic activists. New media impacts on mainstream media and their relations with activists were evaluated by qualitative grounded theory methodology. Eventually researcher concluded that new media by themselves did not reduce the mainstream media consumption but the tough controls and lack of professionalism in mainstream media were the critical cause of consumption, trustfulness and influence decline so new media rise only has amplified these consequences. In fact, politic and economic activists and the people have immigrated to new media because of weak mainstream media but they could not entirely alternate with mainstream media.

Marja’iat is considered the main social institution which manages the religion in the society and leads the Shia in different political and social subjects. This institution actions based on thought of the representation of Imam and usage of rationality and specific power resources at various terrestrial levels and beyond that. This article tries to identify patterns and indicators of social behavior of this institution and to compare objective evidence of its actions with characteristics of international actors as mentioned in theories of International Relations. To do so, qualitative historical research methods were used and periods of Marja’iat and its classification – according to indicators of international relations science including power shift and status of actors – were studied and lastly historical turning points recognized and pattern of role-making explained. Finally, objective evidences of function of this institution in the transnational area, compared with characteristics of international actors. The author's initial hypothesis is adaptation of historical examples with characteristics of actors in international relations which will be tested during this study. The author also believes that time and spatial conditions and the extent to which benefits and goals are reached, considered the underlying elements of influence which form the behavior pattern of this social institution.

The pace of change is a characteristic of the 21st century, and sometimes the pace of these changes is increasing, and most societies ignore their perceptions. The prevailing atmosphere of today's economy is the risk associated with uncertainty and can not be countered by these corrective actions and these changes as well as the creation of a sustainable competitive advantage. The first generation of universities, the mission of education and the second generation, in addition to its previous task, is also responsible for research, but the third-generation academic, called the Entrepreneur's University, is also a leading actor in the country's economic growth and development, in addition to its teaching and research function. Looking at the world's top universities in internationally acclaimed systems, one can get, between academic rank and political, economic, and political power. . . Communities have a meaningful relationship. An entrepreneurial university is not a university or organization, but a structure or culture. A culture that brings creative and innovative growth and development to the surrounding environment. Accordingly, in this paper, after the concept of the term Babayan entrepreneurship, the problems of today's universities with the industrial approach and transformation in the mission of universities, the need for entrepreneurship in the context of university and the role of the university in industrial development, then the role of culture as an academic tool in establishing the concept of university The entrepreneur was referred to as well as the morale and culture in the academic environment.