فهرست مطالب

Fisheries Sciences - Volume:15 Issue: 4, Oct 2016

Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences
Volume:15 Issue: 4, Oct 2016

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/08/15
  • تعداد عناوین: 27
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  • T. Sato *, S. Ohgami, M. Kaneniwa Pages 1269-1278
    This study examined the effects of long-term frozen storage (-20 °C for 5 months) of free amino acids (FAAs) and nucleotide-related compounds (NRCs) in muscle and hepatopancreas of the coconut crab Birgus latro. Although long-term frozen storage had little effect on FAA composition in muscle, the amounts of several FAAs increased in the hepatopancreas that may be the result of protein decomposition during the frozen storage. Long-term storage at -20°C significantly increased the amounts of disodium 5ʹ-inosine monophosphate (IMP) in muscle and hepatopancreas, resulting from the deaminase activity of 5ʹ-adenosine monophosphate (AMP) which deaminates AMP to IMP. Changes in FAAs and NRCs may result in changes in the flavor of muscle and hepatopancreas of frozen stored coconut crabs, both through altered amounts of each substance and synergistic interactions among substances.
    Keywords: Birgus latro, Free amino acid, Nucleotide, related compound, Fatty acid, Taste active value
  • M. Dadar, M. Adel *, M.J. Zorriehzahra Pages 1279-1292
    Whereas it is well documented that the genus Acinetobacter is associated with antibiotic resistant bacteria and human clinical infections, there are very few studies to date that report it as an emerging new pathogen for fish. In the present study, Acinetobacter lwoffii was isolated from diseased rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from Iranian farms, in the Khuzestan Province by both biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods and further confirmed as the causative agent by infectivity experiment. Uni or bilateral exophthalmia, blackening of the skin, abdominal distension, hemorrhages around the mouth cavity and eyes, basal fine, skin, gills and in internal organs were the main clinical signs in the affected fish. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence of MD77 revealed a 99% homology with that of A. lwoffii (GenBank accession no.KR856323.1) form Iran. Histopathological changes of challenged rainbow trout including focal necrosis of liver cells (hepatocyte), pyknotic nucleus and karyolysis of hepatocyte, hyperemia, fatty acid composition change of liver, infiltration of inflammatory cells, sinusoidal dilatation and congestion. The drug resistance of isolates and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was examined and showed that A. lwoffii was multiresistant to 8 of the antimicrobial agents tested..
    Keywords: Acinetobacter lwoffii, Phylogenic analysis, Pathogenic effects, Drug resistance, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Iran
  • D. Ljubojevic *, V. Radosavljevic, M. Pelic, V. D, Ord, Evic, M. Z, Ivkov, Balos, M. Cirkovic Pages 1293-1306
    The main objective of this study was to describe the proper technological process of hot smoking of common carp as well as to determine the yield of the final product and also proximate and fatty acid composition of hot-smoked common carp meat. The average yield of smoked common carp was 82.19% based on weight of eviscerated and descaled fish or 47% based on weight of live fish. The smoking process reduced moisture content by 19% and increased protein by 35% and lipid by 28%. Increase of cholesterol level from 50 to 51.93% during the smoking process was not statistically significant. Unsaturated fatty acid content was found to be higher in smoked than in raw common carp, mainly due to the increase in the contents of both monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. These values were higher compared to those of saturated fatty acids which were almost the same in raw (25.38%) and in smoked (25.5%) carp. Furthermore, n-3 content was not affected by the smoking process and the n-3/n-6 ratio. The results of the present research indicate that hot smoking process affects the chemical and fatty acid composition of traditionally hot smoked common carp.
    Keywords: Common carp, Fatty acids, Manufacturing, Yield, Proximate composition
  • B.I. Di, Di, Nen *, S. Bahadi, R. Koca, S. Metin, O. Di, Ler, K.G. Erol, A. Dulluc, H.U. Koca, N.O. Yigit, R. Ozkok, R. Kucukkara Pages 1307-1317
    The aim of this study was to screen potential probiotic bacteria against Aeromonas hydrophila and determine the effects of antagonistic bacteria and a commercial product containing lactic acid bacteria on the survival and growth of stage II Astacus leptodactylus juveniles. For this purpose, a total of 110 bacterial strains were isolated from adult, stage II crayfish juveniles and rearing water screened for antagonistic activities against A. hydrophila with well diffusion agar assay. Hafnia alvei strain from stage II crayfish juveniles displayed the inhibition zone (10mm) against A. hydrophila. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four treatments for 60 days: (I) crayfish fed with live food without probiotics (control group); (II) crayfish fed with live food enriched with lactic acid bacteria (0.015 gL-1); (III) crayfish fed with live food enriched with Hafnia alvei (106 CFU mL−1); (IV) crayfish fed with control diet and H. alvei added to rearing water (106 CFU mL−1). As a result of this study, lactic acid bacteria and Hafnia alvei applications did not positively affect growth and survival of stage II A. leptodactylus juveniles. In the future, studies on screening potential probiotic bacteria should be used in vitro and in vivo tests. In addition, it will be useful to investigate the lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus spp. from indigenous microflora of crayfish.
    Keywords: Astacus leptodactylus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Lactic acid bacteria, Hafnia alvei, Growth, Survival
  • F. Mohebbi *, H. Riahi, M. Sheidai, Z. Shariatmadari Pages 1318-1336
    The Aras reservoir, located in the north-west of Iran, plays an important role in fisheries, drinking and agricultural water supplies and recreational activities in the region. This study was performed to characterize the seasonal fluctuations of phytoplankton communities and their relationship with environmental factors in the Aras reservoir from August 2013 to May 2014. Sampling was carried out seasonally from 5 sampling locations. In each location three samples were taken for phytoplankton identification and enumeration, chemical analysis and chlorophyll a determination. In total, 72 species belonging to 5 divisions were determined. Cyanobacteria contained the highest density (74%) during the study period with Pseudanabaena limnetica as the most abundant species. This group retained its dominance the whole year round which indicated the poor quality and high nutrient load of the Aras reservoir, mainly due to human activities. On average, Trophic State Index (TSI) showed that water in the reservoir was eu-hypereutrophic. The results indicated that phytoplankton density negatively correlated with Secchi disc depth (R2 = -0.479), total alkalinity (R2 = -0.564), total hardness (R2 = -0.727) and HCO3 concentration (R2 = -0.589). On the other hand, there was a positive correlation between the phytoplankton density and TP (R2 = 0.734). A comparison between the present and a previous study indicated that the cyanobacterial bloom pattern in the Aras reservoir has shifted from warm season toward an all year round cycle which in addition to basin pollution due to anthropogenic activities, can be related to global warming and climate change.
    Keywords: Phytoplankton, Water quality, Reservoir, Cyanobacteria, Trophy 1, Faculty
  • U. Ljubobratovic *, B. Kucska, Z. Sandor, A. Peteri, A. Ronyai Pages 1337-1347
    Influence of three different stocking densities, vitamin C supplementation of Daphnia spp. and feeding practice (i.e. mechanical, hand) on the success of dry feed habituation of pond reared pikeperch juveniles was investigated through one month trial. Pond reared pikeperch juveniles were harvested 42 days post-fertilisation (mean individual weight 1.1 ± 0.3g) and stocked into the experimental recirculation system. For the stocking density trial, fish were stocked in three different initial densities of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 fish L-1, while the trial on live food supplementation and feeding practice was performed with two two-group comparisons with one common control treatment. All treatments were performed in 3 replicates. Analysis of variance did not reveal any significant differences in the assessed parameters between the tested stocking densities. However, Pearson correlation for the habituation success was strong in the course of increased density (r2 = 0.829, p = 0.006). Vitamin C supplementation led to increased survival, habituation success and growth, although the differences were not significant (p > 0.05). Similarly, there were no significant differences between the hand and mechanical feeding in the habituation success (p = 0.860). Based on the results of present study and previous results reported for habituation of pikeperch and walleye pond nursed juveniles, stocking densities of 4 to 8 fish L-1, feeding with dry feed with worms supplied manually and possible enrichment with vitamin C of the given food could be suggested for the successful commercial pikeperch dry feed habituation.
    Keywords: Pikeperch, Habituation, Dry feed, Stocking density, Vitamin C
  • M.Reaz. Chaklader *, M.A.B. Siddik, M.A. Hanif, A. Nahar Pages 1348-1361
    The aim of this study was to report the size structure of finescale razorbelly minnow, Salmostoma phulo in the Payra River, Southern Bangladesh, based on length-frequency distribution (LFD), sex ratio (SR), length-weight relationships (LWR), length-length relationships (LLR), condition factors (allometric KA; Fulton’s, KF; relative, KR and relative weight, WR) and form factor (a3.0). A total of 306 individuals ranging from 6.00–10.70 cm in total length and from 1.26-9.20 g in body weight were collected using traditional fishing gear from January 2014 to November 2014. The overall sex ratio of the species did not reveal significant variation from the expected value of 1:1 (χ2 =0.32, p3). Moreover, the values of b for LWR, LLR and condition factors did not differ significantly (p>0.05) between the sexes of S. phulo. The estimated value of WR was very close to 100 indicating the balanced habitat with available food relative to the presence of predators. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first inclusive and comprehensive explanation on the size structure of S. phulo from Bangladesh and it should be crucial for the sustainable management of this SIS fishery not only in southern coastal waters of Bangladesh but also in all of its geographical distributions including India and Myanmar.
    Keywords: Length, frequency distribution, Length, weight, Condition factors, Allometric growth, Small indigenous species (SIS)
  • H. Rasti, K. Parivar, J. Baharara *, M. Iranshahi, F. Namvar Pages 1362-1378
    Here for the first time, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of the chitosan extracted from the Persian Gulf Chiton shell (Acanthopleura vaillantii) on liver cancer cell line (HepG2). Chitosan extraction was implemented following this
    Method
    chitin was produced by demineralization and deproteinization procedure, and the extracted chitin was converted into soluble chitosan using deacetylation method. The cytotoxic effects of extracted chitosan were evaluated using four different tests, including 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, Annexin V-FITC, propidium iodide (PI) staining, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, and Caspase activity analysis. The IC50 inhibitory concentrations of chitosan were obtained at 250 µg/mL after 24 h. Chitosan clearly inhibited the growth of hepatocarcinoma cells in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. For detecting the induced cell apoptosis, HepG2 cells were treated with 125, 250 and 500 µg/ml of chitosan for 24 h. According to the result of Annex in V/PI kit, in 125, 250, and 500 µg/ml of chitosan, 28.2, 49.1, and 83.3% of HepG2 cells undergone late apoptosis, respectively. The morphology of treated cells by DAPI staining showed non uniform plasma membrane and DNA fragmentation compared to untreated cells with perfect nucleus. The analysis of cell cycle using flow cytometry demonstrated that the rate of sub-G1 peak was increased to 52.7%. Both caspase-3 and -9 activities increased by the extracted chitosan, but it was only significant for caspase-3. The results of the present study suggested that the extracted chitosan has efficient cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells. Therefore, the extracted chitosan from the shell of the Chiton may be considered as a futuristic natural product regarding the treatment of liver cancer..
    Keywords: Chiton, Chitosan, Persian Gulf, Natural product, Apoptosis
  • S.Y. Zeraatkish* Pages 1379-1387
    This article examines the use of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to choose a priority for different purposes which have been used in fishery optimal management in the Sea of Oman. There are several stakeholder groups in the multi-objective planning methods. In this study, the AHP is used to determine the preferences (weight) of stakeholder groups for each of the objectives in the fisheries industry. This method is a multicriteria analysis system which is suitable for including the inconsistent opinion of different groups involved in the management. Based on the results, biological targets received higher weights compared to other targets with regard to stakeholder groups. Especially, the minimization of by catch was found to be the most important objective.
    Keywords: Multi, objective, Management, Preferences, Analytic hierarchy process, Fishery stakeholders, Gulf of Oman
  • F. Shirmohammad *, M. Mehri, S. Joezy, Shekalgorabi Pages 1388-1409
    Inositol is usually classified as an essential vitamin for most animals, and is recognised as a part of the B-complex vitamins. Among all other inositol isomer forms, myo-inositol possesses biological activity. It is found in the brain, skeletal, heart, and main reproductive tissues and exists as a structural component of phosphatidylinositol in biological cell membranes. Myo-inositol, also acts as a growth factor and affects the antioxidant capacity and oxidative status of cells. It is a major intracellular osmolyte that can be accumulated to protect cells from a variety of stresses and can also participate in transmembrane signal transfer. Myo-inositol is synthesised by various animal tissues and microorganisms in gut and fulfils the requirement for a few fish species. However, the supply of inositol by exogenous source (the diet) is required in most fish and shrimp for preventing deficiency signs such as inefficiency in digestion and food utilization, poor growth, fin erosion, dark skin colouration, and high accumulation of lipid in liver and muscle. The current paper aimed to provide a review on the published studies on the role of inositol in aquaculture.
    Keywords: Inositol, Functions, Requirement, Deficiency, Aquaculture
  • A.A. Janbaz *, H. Fazli, R. Pourgholam, F. Kaymaram, K. Khedmati, F. Parafkandeh, M.A. Afraei Bandpei Pages 1410-1424
    Age and growth of Bigeye Kilka, Clupeonella grimmi, were studied in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea from early May 2006 to April 2007. The sagitta otoliths were removed for each 5 mm length interval up to a total number of 262 fish. Fork length and weight ranged from 92.5 to 142.5 mm and 4.2 g to 23.4 g, respectively. The largest length-groups was observed from December to February and the lowest in April, which was coincided with spawning period and feeding during wintering, respectively. The overall sex ratio (male:female) was 0.33:1 which differed significantly from the expected ratio of 1:1. The length-weight regression was W= 0.0000744 FL3.14 for females and W=0.0000341FL3.16 for males, indicating the Caspian Bigeye grew isometrically for both sexes. Age determination based on otoliths readings showed that the population was composed of six- groups from 2 to 7 years old which observed a rapidly growth during the second year. In the age compositions, the four years old specimens with a mean fork length and weight 115.5±7.8 mm and 11.9 ± 2.8 g were the most abundant age group and accounted for 40.1%. The condition factor was 0.7-0.8 which varied in difference months and coincided to the gonad development. Age-at-length data were used to determine von Bertalanffy growth parameters for this population in both sexes, indicating that K value and L∞ of females was more than that of males. The results showed that C. grimmi is a rapidly-growing species in the southern parts of the Caspian Sea.
    Keywords: Age, Growth, Clupeonella grimmi, Caspian Sea, Iran
  • A.J. Zhang, S.L. Liu, J.Y. Zhu, Z.M. Gu, Z.M. Zhou, G.F. Zhang, K.H. Lu* Pages 1425-1440
    The transcriptome of triangle sail mussel Hyriopsis cumingii (Lea) using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology was conducted and analyzed. Equal quantities of total RNA isolated from six tissues, including gonad, hepatopancreas, foot, mantel, gill and adductor muscle, were pooled to construct a cDNA library. A total of 58.09 million clean reads with 98.48 % Q20 bases were generated. Clustering and assembling of these reads produced a non-redundant set of 92,347 unigenes with an average length of 1,150.61 bp. 11,174 unigenes were involved in the molecular function, cellular component and biological process categories by GO Gene Ontology)analysis. Potential genes and their functions were predicted by KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway mapping and COG(Cluster of Orthologous Groups of proteins)analysis. More than 8 putative genes of interest involved in sex determination/differentiation were identified. Furthermore, 8,014 SSRs and 38,288 SNPs were identified in this transcriptome dataset.
    Keywords: Hyriopsis cumingii, Illumina paired, end sequencing, Transcriptome, Sex determination, Molecular marker
  • B. Yuangsoi *, P. Rinthong, S. Charoenwattanasak Pages 1441-1454
    The effect of black glutinous rice bran inclusion used in diets of Nile tilapia was studied in fish with an initial weight of 8.76±0.17g per fish and fed with experimental diets supplemented with black glutinous rice bran at 0 (control), 50, 100, 150 and 200 g kg-1 for 60 days. The results of phytochemical analyses of black rice bran showed that the total anthocyanin, phenolic, tannin and phytic acid contents were 52.42±0.23, 3.77±0.03, 0.32±0.13, 0.14±0.01 mg/100g, respectively. The properties of black glutinous rice bran acted as an antioxidant, and the inhibitory percentage of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) was significantly different (p0.05), respectively. The highest average daily gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio were observed in fish fed with the diet containing 150 and 200 g kg-1 black rice bran (p0.05). Therefore, supplementation of black glutinous rice bran in tilapia diets at a rate of 200 g kg-1 resulted in better growth and had no adverse effects on digestibility and serum biochemistry.
    Keywords: Black glutinous, Tilapia, Phytochemical, Antioxidant, Growth, Serum biochemistry
  • S.M. Seiedzadeh, V. Yavari, H. Mohammadiazarm *, M. Mousavi Pages 1455-1464
    In this study, the effects of dietary chicken egg lecithin on some blood biochemical factors of Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi juveniles and resistance to thermal shock was investigated. Juveniles with initial average weight of 3.10±0.17 were stocked in 12 fiberglass tanks. Four isolipidic and isonitrogenic diets containing 0% (control), 2%, 4% and 6% chicken egg lecithin were used to feed the fish 3 times per day to satiation during 90 days. Total protein, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and albumin levels were significantly higher (p0.05) in globulin and the ratio of albumin to globulin were found in dietary treatments. The thermal stress showed that survival rate of juveniles fed different levels of dietary chicken egg lecithin was higher than control group (p
    Keywords: Lecithin, Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi, Blood parameters, Thermal stress, Survival
  • M.H. Khanjani *, M.M. Sajjadi, M. Alizadeh, I. Sourinejad Pages 1465-1484
    Effect of different feeding levels on water quality, growth performance, survival rate and body composition of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei post larvae were studied in zero water exchange system. Shrimp post larvae with mean weight of 74.46± 6.17 mg were fed for 32 days in 300L fiberglass tanks containing 130L water at density of 1 post larvae L-1. There were five treatments including control and four biofloc treatments with different feeding levels of 15%, 15%, 12%, 9%, 0% of body weight per day, respectively. The results showed that there were no significant differences in water parameters such as dissolved oxygen and pH between different treatments (p>0.05). There were significant differences in water ammonia level between different treatments (p
    Keywords: Biofloc technology, Zero, water exchange system, Water quality, Growth performance, Body composition, Nursery, Pacific white shrimp
  • Z. Raftani Amiri *, R. Safari, T. Bakhshandeh, F. Ahmadi Vavsari Pages 1485-1499
    Fish protein hydrolysates were prepared from Cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) muscle using alcalase and protamex methods. By conducting the Cuttlefish protein hydrolysate using alcalase (CPHA), it showed higher degrees of hydrolysis, proximate composition, yield, emulsifying activity index (EAI), emulsion stability index (ESI), foaming activity index (FAI), solubility, water holding capacity (WHC) and Oil absorption capacity (OAC) than cuttlefish protein hydrolysate using protamex (CPHP) but the foaming stability index (FSI) and peptide chain length (PCL) were more in the second treatment. Amino acids profiles of the CPHs were higher in essential amino acids compared to the recommended pattern of requirement by FAO/WHO and NRC standards. Phenylalanine is the first limiting amino acid in the hydrolysate. However, the hydrolysate has the potential for application as an ingredient in formulated diets. Some functional properties such as FAI, FSI and solubility were high in CPHs, thus, they can be used in different food and beverages.
    Keywords: Cuttlefish, Alkaline proteases, Functional properties, Fish protein hydrolysates
  • H. Kennouche *, A. Nouar Pages 1500-1510
    A total of 1,364 specimens of Sepia officinalis (Lineaus, 1758), including 643 females and 532 males were measured from February 2010 to January 2011 catching by the commercial trawling fisheries of Algiers region. The sex, dorsal mantle, wet body mass, nidamental gland weight and female gonadal weight were recorded. The mean length of the dorsal mantle for females was 11.68±0.03 cm and for males 12.04±0.04 cm. The difference between the two averages was not significant. The Powell-Wetherall method for determining the asymptotic dorsal length of the mantle (DML∞) was applied (26.93 cm for both sexes combined) and the growth coefficient K, of 0.38 yr-1, was established using the ELEFAN method. A seasonal analysis of this coefficient shows a slowdown in growth in autumn and winter. The value of t0 determined by the Pauly method is 0.704 y-1. Relative growth shows a negative allometry of 2.55 for both sexes and a constant of proportionality is about 0.391. The study of the overall sex ratio showed a slight predominance of females with a ratio of 1:1.2. In autumn and winter, the females predominate with 67.3% and 52.5%, respectively. Considering the gonad and the nidamento-somatic index, S. officinalis in the Algiers region seems to breed between March and July.
    Keywords: Sepia officinalis, Sex, ratio, Gonadosomatic index, Length, weight relationship, Algiers
  • M.F. Nazarudin *, M. Aliyu, Paiko, M.N. Shamsudin Pages 1511-1525
    The present exposition was designed to evaluate blood serum changes in tiger grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus in response to changes in water temperature and salinity. Uniformly sized fingerlings were randomly distributed into different groups at fifteen fish per tank, in two replicates. Each group represented experimental fishes subjected to water temperatures of 18, 24, 28 and 30°C (control), and salinity of 10, 20 and 30 (control) ppt respectively. Replicate groups of fishes in each tank were exposed to these physiological stressors for 4 and 36 hours. At the end of experiment, blood samples were collected via caudal vein. The collected blood was centrifuged to obtain serum, andanalyzed for cortisol and glucose concentrations, using ELISA method. Results showed that decrease (to 28, 24 and 18°C) in water temperature from the control (30°C) and salinity from 30 ppt to 20 and 10 ppt for 4 and 36 hours influenced changes in the physical appearances (skin coloration) and behaviors (swimming vigor, opercula movement and schooling) of fish, to suggest responses to stress. Further, analyses of serum cortisol revealed consistently higher concentrations at the lower temperatures tested (to 28, 24 and 18°C), than the optimum tolerated by the species. Interestingly, fish maintained at 28°C for 36 hours contained lower serum cortisol concentrations compared to control groups. Meanwhile, the increment of the serum cortisol concentration occurs at decreased water salinity from 30 ppt to 20 and 10 ppt for 4 and 36 hours. It is concluded that: 1) water temperature and salinity are important physiological stressors; 2) sudden alteration of these factors leads to stress, and should therefore be avoided or minimized; 3) results of the present trial suggest that the blood serum factors are reliable parameters for evaluating the level of stress in fish.
    Keywords: Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, Temperature, salinity change, Cortisol concentration, Behavior, Stress
  • A. Ghobeishavi *, S.M. Mousavi, V. Yavari, P. Kochanian, M. Zakeri Pages 1526-1539
    Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton) is a valuable migratory fish belonging to the family Clupeidae and it is distributed in a wide area from the Persian Gulf to coasts of Pakistan and China’s southern sea. The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes occurring in innate immunity parameters during upstream migration and comparing them to those during post spawning. Sixty mature female hilsa shad were obtained using gill net from Karoon River in Khorramshahr during the spawning period (July, August and September 2014) and Hendijan coasts along the Persian Gulf coasts during post spawning period (October, November and December 2014). Immediately, blood samples were collected from the peduncle vein and then parameters including WBC (White Blood Cell) count, Differential WBC Count, plasma lysozyme content and C3 and C4 complement activity were determined. Based on the results, the levels of WBC, lysozyme and C3 during the spawning period were lower than those recorded during post spawning period. However, C4 levels were higher during spawning (p
    Keywords: Tenualosa ilisha, Lysozyme activity, Complement, Anadromous, Migration
  • X. Dong, W. Zhao, L. Lv, H. Zhang, F. Lv, Z. Qi, J. Huang, Q. Liu * Pages 1540-1555
    PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were used to explore the relationship between eukaryotic plankton community succession and environmental factors in two aquaculture pond models with gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio. The main culture species of pond 1 were gibel carp and grass carp, and the combined density was 46224 fingerling/ha (gibel carp/grass carp/silver carp/bighead carp, 17:4:6:1). The main culture species of pond 2 was gibel carp, and the combined density was 37551 fingerling/ha (Gibel carp/silver carp/bighead carp, 52:1:1). Water samples were collected monthly. The results showed that the annual average concentrations of TP and PO4-P in pond 1were significantly higher than pond 2 (p>0.05). The concentration of chlorophyll a (chl a) has no significantly difference between pond 1 and pond 2. DGGE profiles of 18S rRNA gene fragments from the two ponds revealed that the diversity of eukaryotic plankton assemblages was highly variable. 91 bands and 71 bands were detected in pond 1 and pond 2, respectively. The average Shannon–Wiener index of pond 1 was significantly higher than pond 2. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that temperature played a key role in the structure of the eukaryotic plankton community in both ponds, but the nutrient concentration did not affect it. Our results suggest that DGGE method is a cost-effective way to gain insight into seasonal dynamics of eukaryotic plankton communities in culture ponds, and the increase in the number of filter-feeding silver carp and bighead carp could increase the diversity of the eukaryotic plankton community.
    Keywords: 18S rRNA genes, PCR, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, CCA, Eukaryotic plankton community, Environmental factors
  • B. Aberkane *, M. Iguer, Ouada Pages 1556-1567
    The present study investigated the existing relationship between computer assisted semen motility parameters and gametes motility duration, known to express semen quality and fertilizing capacity in fish. The objective was particularly to identify computer aided semen analysis (CASA) parameters that could be used as potential fertility predictors. Semen samples were collected from the beginning to the end of the spawning season of Barbus barbus callensis, a freshwater fish abundantly distributed throughout North Africa. Semen was simultaneously analyzed using optical microscopy including semen motility duration (SMD) measurement, by the aid of a computer-assisted semen analyzer. The measured CASA parameters were: straight line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), curvilinear velocity (VCL), beat cross frequency (BCF), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), linearity and straightness. The results showed that motility duration evolved in a similar manner as several CASA parameters. Significant correlation coefficients expressed these relationships with r = 0.74, 0.32, 0.16 and 0.45 for VSL, VAP, VCL and BCF, respectively. No correlations were observed when studying relationships between motility duration, STR, LIN and ALH, with r = 0.08, 0.06 and 0.006, respectively. The present results showed that CASA motility parameters are strongly related to motility duration. VSL was revealed as the main parameter being highly correlated to motility duration (r = 0.74). This quantitatively and objectively measured parameter is revealed to be a useful indicator of semen quality and could serve as a potential indicator of fertility outputs in fish.
    Keywords: Barbus barbus callensis, Reproduction season, Semen motility, CASA
  • R. Danesh Pajooh, M. Reyahi Khoram *, M. Cheraghi, G.A. Mohammad Poor Roodposhty Pages 1568-1580
    Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is one of the most-widely cultivated cold fresh water fish in the world. Gamasyab River, with a length of about 200 Km, is one of the longest rivers of Iran. The aim of this research is to determine the effects of trout farm effluents on this river water. From a total of 24 trout farms in the area, four farms were randomly selected and three sampling stations were chosen at each selected farm. Measured water quality parameters were temperature (T), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solid (TDS) dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia-nitrogen (NH4-N), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) and phosphates (PO4-P). Based on the laboratory analysis, DO in the river water was more than 6 mg/l in all cases. There were significant differences in six variables of T, BOD, COD, NO3-N, NH4-N, and TSS of all water samples taken from the second sampling stations between dry and wet season. The DO concentration in Gamasiab River decreased between the water inlet (first stations) and outlet (second stations), but increased in third station. Trout farm effluents had significant impact on the TSS content of the river. This significant increase in TSS concentrations is expected to have occurred due to cleaning or harvesting activities on any of the farms. The results of the study showed that, in all of season, the amount of TSS in the second stations was not equal to the standards of the Department of Environment Protection (40 mg/L) for discharging into river systems.
    Keywords: Aquaculture, Cold water fish culture, Gamasyab River, Rainbow trout, Water quality
  • M. Faeed, R. Kasra Kermanshahi *, M. Pourkazemi, M. Darboee, S. Haghighi Karsidani Pages 1581-1592
    The current study evaluated effects of dietary administration doses of Entrococcus faecium on the hematological factors, and disease resistance of Sander lucioperca against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Fish were fed with dietary administration containing E. faecium doses including of (1010, 108CFU/ g) for diet A1 and A2, respectively in a commercial diet as basal diet were used for 6 weeks. The control group was basal diet with serum. The hematological and immunity parameters were measured and fish were challenged with A.hydrophila (4.5×108CFU/mL). Fish were monitored daily and the mortality rates were recorded over 8 days post – challenge. The results indicated that HCT in A1 treatment (1010CFU/g) had significantly increased in compare to the control and A2 (108 CFU/g) treatments (p
    Keywords: Entrococcus faecium, Aeromonas hydrophila, Hematology, Immunity
  • S. Yedier, S. KontaŞ, D. Bostanci, * N. Polat Pages 1593-1608
    Garra rufa is one of the most popular therapeutic and commercially important fish in ichthyotherapy. Otolith and scale morphology provide new and useful information for fish identification and classification. Left-right asteriscus and lapillus otoliths from juvenile and adult doctor fish, and the scales from 6 different regions of the juvenile and adult fish body have been examined in Kangal Balıklı Çermik thermal spring (Sivas, Turkey). The otolith and scale morphological characters such as type, size, shape, mesial surface, lateral surface, antirostrum and rostrum shapes, focus position, circuli appearance, radii type and posterior and anterior margin shapes were distinguishable features for the juvenile and adult G. rufa samples. Three different otolith shapes were observed such as squared and discoidal otolith shapes for asteriscus pairs and oval to elliptic otolith shapes for lapillus pairs in the juvenile and adult doctor fish. Seven different scale shapes were described from six different body regions of the G. rufa in the current study. The graphical illustration of wavelets was used for both asteriscus and lapillus pairs of the fish to discover otolith variabilities. This is one of the first otolith and scale morphology studies for the juvenile and adult doctor fish. All these otolith and scale characters and their morphologies could be used for best alternative tools to identification, classification, phylogenetic relationships among the different freshwater and marine fish species, genera, populations or stocks.
    Keywords: Garra rufa, otolithology, Scale morphology, Shape indices
  • H.R. Nasiri, M. Rabbaniha *, G. Attaran, Fariman, S.A. Mousavi Golsefid Pages 1609-1615
  • F. Tajbakhsh, A.A. Abdoli *, H. Rajabi Maham, I. Hashemzadeh Segherloo, B. Kiabi Pages 1616-1623