فهرست مطالب

Fisheries Sciences - Volume:17 Issue: 1, Jan 2018

Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences
Volume:17 Issue: 1, Jan 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/11/30
  • تعداد عناوین: 20
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  • A.A. Hedayati * Pages 1-10
    In this study, the anesthetic effects of 2-phenoxyethanol (2-PE) on possible primary (cortisol level) and secondary (haematological indices and glucose level) stress responses were studied in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Fish were first exposed to 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 mL L-1 2-PE, and the time of induction (deep anesthesia) and recovery were measured. At concentrations of 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 mL L-1 2-PE, all fish were anaesthetized within 3 min of exposure. For assessing possible stress effects caused by effective concentrations of 2-PE, the haematological indices, serum cortisol and glucose were determined in the deeply anaesthetized fish as stress indicators. 2-PE exposure resulted in a significant increase in red blood cell (RBC) amounts at 0.1 and 0.3 mL L-1. A parallel increase in hemoglobin and Haematocrite amounts at 0.1 concentrations (p
    Keywords: Blood parameters, Anesthesia, Stress response, Silver carp
  • N. Najmi *, M. Yahyavi, A. Haghshenas Pages 11-20
    This study examined the effects of a commercial Lactobacillus probiotic on growth, survival and resistance of western white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) larvae against salinity and formalin stresses in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center. In this experiment, larvae were fed 6 times a day from mysis I (M1) step to post larvae 5 over 3 treatments including a control treatment C (without probiotic) and 2 experimental treatments namely A (having probiotic enriched rotifer) and B (having probiotic enriched rotifer and adding probiotic powder directly to the water). Larvae were stocked in 9 plastic tanks (20-liter) containing 10 L of seawater at a density of 50 larvae per liter. Three replicates were used for each treatment. At the end of the experimental period biometric larvae were studied under salinity and formalin stresses. Results showed that using probiotic bacteria had significant and positive effects on shrimp resistance, survival and growth (p0.05). According to the results we may conclude that the use of probiotic powder is effective in increasing growth, survival and resistance rate of western white shrimp in the larval and post larval stages.
    Keywords: Brachionus plicatilis, Probiotic, Resistance, Litopenaeus vannamei
  • H. Alipour *, Gh.R. Banagar Pages 21-34
    The objective of this study was to assess the bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr and Fe) in the muscles of five fish species (Sander lucioperca, Liza auratus, Alosa caspia, Cyprinus carpio and Liza saliens) from Gorgan Bay in the south-eastern Caspian Sea, in order to determine the value daily intake of heavy metals by consumption of fish and human health risk assessment. The concentration of metals was estimated using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer. Potential health risk assessments based on estimated daily intake (EDI) values and target hazard quotient (THQ) indicated that the intakes of metals by consuming these fish species do not result in an appreciable hazard risk for the human body. The hazard index (HI) calculated was lower than 1 for all the species. However, the results indicate that the high concentrations of Pb (in the muscle of L. auratus) and Fe in all fish is alarming.
    Keywords: Heavy metal, Fish, Gorgan Bay, EDI, THQ
  • A.R. Valipour *, N. Hamedi Shahraki, H. Abdollahpour Biria Pages 35-46
    In the present study effects of different levels of probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici, on growth performance and survival rate of Rutilus kutum fingerlings were investigated. Kutum fingerlings with a mean weight of 1±0.235 g were reared for 8 weeks in 500-l fiberglass tanks (15 fish per tank) with 4 diet treatments (3 replicates for each). Treatments included 1×109, 2:1×109, 3×109 CFU kg-1 dry food and a control without probiotic. At the end of the study, specific growth rate (SGR) and survival rate (SR) were significantly higher in treatments supplemented with probiotic compared to the control (p
    Keywords: Rutilus kutum, Probiotic, Pediococcus acidilactici, Growth, Survival
  • M. Momeni, E. Kamrani *, M. Safaie, F. Kaymaram Pages 47-66
    Monthly length frequency data of banana shrimp, Penaeus merguiensis were collected from the coastal waters of the north east of the Persian Gulf, from January 2012 to January 2013. Software package FiSAT was used to analyze the length frequency data. Growth parameters, mortalities, exploitation rate and recruitment pattern were estimated from the carapace length in the area. Based on length – weight relationships, the estimated parameter a was 0.0015 for males and females and b was 2.8015 for males and 2.7852 for females. The estimated growth parameters: L∞=39.5 mm, K=1.8 year−1 and t0=-0.08 year−1 for males and L∞=50 mm, K=1.5 year−1 and t0=-0.09 year−1 for females. Longevity was estimated 1.67 and 2.00 years for males and females, respectively. The estimated mortality coefficients, were Z=5.9 (4.89 – 6.92) year−1 (α=0.05), M=2.9 year−1 and F=3.0 year−1 for males and Z=5.7 (4.94–6.37) year−1 (α=0.05), M=2.5 year−1 and F=3.2 year−1 for females. The length at first capture, Lc estimated from the probability of capture routine was 23.3 mm for males and 24.2 mm for females. Sex ratio (M:F=1.1:1) was significantly different to 1:1. The exploitation rates of shrimp were 0.49 and 0.56 for males and females, respectively which could get higher because the survival of spawning stock after the fishing season is related to environmental factors and has less effect on the next year’s biomass. Recruitment was continued throughout the year but with one major peak in July to November.
    Keywords: Penaeus merguiensis, Population dynamics, Persian Gulf
  • H. Albayrak *, H. Isidan, G. Kalayci, E. Ozan, V.N. Vakharia Pages 67-73
    Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is an enveloped non-segmented, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus that belongs to the Novirhabdovirus genus of the family Rhabdoviridae. This virus causes economically significant diseases in farmed rainbow trout, in Turkey, which is often associated with the transmission of pathogens from European resources. In this study, moribund rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) samples were collected during an outbreak of VHSV in a rainbow trout fish farm in Bolu Province of Turkey in 2006. In addition, two VHSV strains were isolated from wild turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) in Trabzon Province of the Black Sea region of Turkey during a field survey. We have sequenced the full-length glycoprotein (G) gene of three VHSV isolates and compared them with 25 previously published gene sequences. Based on a complete gene nucleotide sequence, Turkish VHSV isolates were classified into class Ie of genotype I, which is closely related to GE-1.2 isolate (97.1-97.5% nucleotide identity and 98.2-98.4% amino acid identity) found in Georgia more than 30 years ago. These isolates could be an indigenous type of VHSV distributed in the Black Sea. On the other hand, Turkish isolates have 97.5-97.6% nucleotide identity and 98.8-99% amino acid identity with Finnish, Danish, and Norwegian isolates which are classified under Ib and Id. These results suggest that Turkish VHSV isolates may have orginated from Europe and co-circulated with indigenous strains which can threaten the aquaculture industry in Turkey.
    Keywords: Genotype, Rainbow trout, Turbot, Turkey, VHSV
  • A. Salarpouri, E. Kamrani *, F. Kaymaram, R. Mahdavi Najafabadi Pages 74-94
    Small pelagic fishes particularly anchovy (Encrasicholina punctifer) and sardine (Sardinella sindensis) have an important role to support the Iranian fisheries and are distributed along the coastal waters of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Using a logbook on small pelagic fisheries, a GIS-based environmental modeling approach was applied to investigate the presence and abundance of anchovy and sardine in relation to environmental variables. Redundancy analysis (RDA) was applied to provide a preliminary view of the relationships between fish presence/absence and environmental variables. Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) indicated the presence/absence of fish was related to distance from the nearest coast, depth, sea surface Chlorophyll-a, and SST. Results of the EFH showed that sardine is concentrated in specific areas of more favorable conditions, such as north of the Persian Gulf and all areas of the northwest of the Oman Sea. However, EFH of anchovy showed a more widespread distribution, occupying most of the north-west of the Oman Sea coastal waters, south of Qeshm Island in the Strait of Hormoz as well as the Parsian district in the north of the Persian Gulf. In this study, it seems that the anchovy showed the probability of presence in the areas with more distance from the coastal waters. However, the EFH probability presences of sardine were predicted for near coastal water and obviously, shallower waters. Due to the development of small pelagic fisheries, it is highly recommended to investigate anchovy and sardine fishing possibility in areas with high EFH prediction probability.
    Keywords: Small pelagic fishes, Essential fish habitat, Marine environment, Persian Gulf, Oman Sea
  • M. Raissy *, S. Hashemi, M. Roushan, M. Jaafarian, H. Momtaz, M. Soltani, E. Pirali Kheirabad Pages 95-106
    Lactococcosis has been defined as acute septicaemia, which causes economic losses in farmed fish, especially in rainbow trout. This study was done to evaluate the effects of the essential oils of Satureja bachtiarica and Nigella sativa on the efficacy of lactococcosis vaccine in rainbow trout. A total number of 270 fishes with a mean weight of 120 g were obtained; they were randomly divided into nine groups, each with three replicates, after two weeks of adaptation. The groups were: no injection group, vaccine only group, DMSO injection group, vaccine with 50, 100, and 200 micrograms Intraperitoneal injection (IP) injection. Two, four, and six weeks after vaccination, serological and haematological parameters were evaluated. In the sixth week, 1.7×107 cfu as LD50 96 hrs of Lactococcus garvieae were IP injected and the relative survival percentage was calculated. The results indicated that N. sativa essence is effective on the leukocyte population as the highest number of leukocytes were found in fish receiving high concentration of N. sativa. The relative survival rate of the studied fish decreased with decreasing concentrations of the N. sativa essential oil concentration, with a significant difference with control groups (p
    Keywords: Nigella sativa, Satureja bachtiarica, Streptococcosis, Lactococcosis, Adjuvant
  • T. Edwin Prabakaran, R. Jeyasingh Thompson *, V. Deepak Samuel Pages 107-117
    A total of 200 threadfin bream Nemipterus japonicus was collected from Chennai in the east coast and Kochi in the west coast during January to February 2013 and studied for their morphometric and meristic characters. In total, 21 characters were analyzed out of which 3 characters namely dorsal, ventral and anal fins were not considered since they were unaltered. The findings indicate that 91% of the total variation in the data can be accounted for by three clusters. Small values of 1-R**2 ratio for the three clusters obtained indicate good clustering. The small values of p (≤0.0001) indicate that there are significant differences in the variables of Chennai and Kochi data which are shown through MANOVA. This might depict that the fish of Chennai and Kochi might be of 2 different stocks. Moreover, the study has also aided in identifying the importance of regular monitoring of stock assessment and the biology of commercially important fishes.
    Keywords: Nemipterus japonicus, Threadfin bream, Biometric study, Coastal area, India, Morphometric, Meristic characters
  • S.Z. Masoomizadeh, J. Pazooki *, T. Valinassab Pages 118-136
    The present study, which was conducted on Scomberoides commersonnianus as one of the commercially important fishes of Carangidae, seeks to investigate changes of length-weight relationships in different sexes, seasons and length classes and to calculate condition factor of Talang queenfish. In this study, 563 specimens (292 males, 247 females, and 24 of unknown sex) were collected from the north-west of the Persian Gulf from Oct. 2011 to Jan. 2013. Length-weight relationships and condition factor were determined for each sex in four length classes within different seasons. In general, the growth pattern in this fish was negatively allometric and the length-weight relationship in combined sexes amounted to W=2.9109FL-1.8424. The growth pattern of combined sexes was negatively allometric in spring and autumn and isometric in summer and winter. Also, growth pattern was positively allometric in 8-31 class, negatively allometric in the 31-54 cm and 54-77 cm classes and isometric in the 77-100 cm class among all specimens. Also, the condition factor in males exceeded that of females in spring, autumn and winter; however, it was greater in females than in males during summer. In this season, females were in better condition owing to an increase in the weight of ovaries. The results demonstrate that growth pattern and condition factor vary in different seasons, lengths and sexes probably because of change in feeding intensity and the time of reproduction.
    Keywords: Scomberoides commersonnianus, Length, weight relationship, Condition factor, Persian Gulf
  • A.R. Rastgoo_S.M.R. Fatemi_T. Valinassab * Mortazavi Pages 137-150
    The feeding habits and trophic level of Himantura gerrardi were studied according to sex and size classes of 80 individuals obtained using bottom trawl between May and December 2014 from the Oman Sea. Collected specimens were divided into three size classes (small58 cm) based on disk width. Prey was identified in seven main zoological categories, where crustacean and polychaetes were the dominant in diets, indicating this species is a demersal dwelling species. No significant differences were observed between sexes, but size classes showed significant differences in their diets. Also, results showed a decrease in feeding overlap between size classes with an increase in disk width, suggesting that intraspecific competition reduced, which allows the coexistence of different size classes. Trophic level was positively correlated with the disk width, which was lower than 4.0 for both sexes and different size classes, placing it in an intermediate trophic level.
    Keywords: Dasyatidae, Himantura gerrardi, Feeding habits, Trophic level, Oman Sea
  • H. Dehghani, P. Ghavam Mostafavi *, S.M.R. Fatemi, J. Fallah Mehrabadi Pages 151-161
    Reef-building coral harbor communities of photosynthetic taxa of the genus Symbiodinium (zooxanthellae). The genus Symbiodinium is currently classified into nine genetic clades (A–I). Various corals harbor different Symbiodinium clades; some show specificity to a single strain. Coral and their zooxanthellae are sensitive to environmental stresses. In the Persian Gulf, coral reefs are subject to harsh environmental conditions including extreme temperatures and high salinity. This is the first study to use clade specific primers to clarify the diversity of Symbiodinium in each coral species of Larak Island. For this purpose six coral species were collected at two different locations in Larak Island. After DNA extraction, PCR amplification was performed using clade specific primers. The results showed that multiple Symbiodinium clades are hosted by most coral species. In addition, among thirteen obtained Symbiodinium sequences, the frequency of either tree clades, A, C and D was almost the same. Corals species may contain different clades of Symbiodinium depending on the region and on the tolerance characteristics of each clade. Thus, knowledge of zooxanthellae diversity associated with scleractinian can contribute to a better understanding of the sensitivity of corals to environmental conditions.
    Keywords: Persian Gulf, Symbiodinium, Clade A, Clade C, Clade D
  • D. Gholami, S. Aminzadeh *, S. M. Alavi, N. Kazemipour, A. Ghoroghi, Z. Emruzi Pages 162-178
    Citrus canker is a citrus disease species created by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp.citri. Many citrus, such as oranges, lime, and grapefruit are affected by the infectious bacteria and stems, leaves and fruits are experiencing loss. In this experiment antibacterial effects of five kinds of antibiotics including ampicillin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, penicillin, streptomycin, Cronobacteriocin DGH2 and Enterobacteriocin DGH4 were evaluated on 107 strains of Xanthomonascitri subsp.citri. MIC and MBC data for antibiotics and bacteriocins against Xanthomonas strains were performed. According to this project, Xanthomonas strains were comparatively susceptible and resistant to Cronobacteriocin DGH2, Enterobacteriocin DGH4, ampicillin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, penicillin and streptomycin. NIGEB-183 strain is the most sensitive to these antibiotics and bacteriocins. However, only the NIGEB-242R1 strain is resistant to chloramphenicol. Penicillin has minimum inhibitory effects on Xanthomonas strains. Based on this case study, chloramphenicol is the most antibacterial activity among antibacterial agents and this compound is a good candidate for inhibitory activity. Cronobacteriocin DGH2 has a moderate antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas strains.
    Keywords: Antibiotics, Bacteriocins, Citrus canker, MIC, MBC data, Xanthomonas citri subsp.citri
  • S. Behzadi, E. Kamrani *, F. Kaymaram, M.Sh. Ranjbar Pages 179-193
    This study examined the ecological factors associated with feeding in Rachycentron canadum (cobia) in the waters of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Seasonally variation of stomach condition of cobia male, females, pooled and size wise were analyzed. In general, 577 cobia were collected (340 males, 237 females) (20–161 cm Total length) from Sept. 2014 to Sept. 2015 by the Ferdows-1 survey ship and from the landing areas in Bandar Abbas harbor seasonally. Our results provide the first estimates of trophic level (Tr.L) (4.32±0.76, mean±Se), consumption per biomass (Q/B) (6.13), and aspect ratio of the caudal fin (ARc.f) (3.1) for R. canadum in the Hormuzgan Province. We also found that bony fish made up more than 80 percent of the relative importance of particular prey (IRI %), indicating R. canadum primarily preys on these species. The immature group (20–40 cm,T.L), tended to feed on Penaeidae family, small crabs, and mollusks. Hierarchical clustering revealed that the frequencies of different types of prey could be applied to categorize the length classes into three levels. The result of this study revealed that the immature group and the 20-40 cm length class tended to feed on Penaeidae family, crabs, and mollusks. Also, we found that males generally fed more than females in all seasons and that R. canadum had an average dietary intake. The findings of this study can be used to prepare a food formulation for cobia that resembles the native diet.
    Keywords: Rachycentron canadum, Feeding Ecology, Trophic level, Consumption per biomass Persian Gulf, Oman Sea
  • M. Hajiahmadian, M. Rabbaniha, H. Ghafari Farsani, M.H. Gerami *, S. Shahbazi Naserabad Pages 194-207
    In the current paper reproductive strategy and growth rates of Luciobarbus esocinus were investigated from 2010 to 2012, in Gamasiab River, Kermanshah, Iran. Samples were collected seasonally by gillnet and electro-fisher device. Sex ratio was evaluated from 162 individuals and the percentage of male and female individuals were 54.76% and 45.24% respectively. Age structure was distributed between I and V and most frequency numbers for males and females belonged to II and IV age group, respectively. Length-weight relationship was computed as W=8E-05TL2.6546 for all individuals. Mean total length and weight was 333.82±13.10 mm and 297.67±4.85 g for males, and 371.5±21.17 mm and 307.85±7.64 g for females. The von-Bertalanffy growth models of L. esocinus were described as Lt =357.14×[1-e (-0.77× (t –0.090))] for males, Lt =367.02×[1-e (-0.78× (t –0.094))] for females and Lt =363.57×[1-e (-0.76× (t –0.087))]for both sexes. Results indicated that growth factors were highly similar in spring, summer and winter. CDA analysis revealed that the total and gonad weight are the main factors in discriminant analysis. The highest GSI values were found in spring for females and winter for males, however, it decreased rapidly after spring in females. Maximum growth rates were observed in early ages (I-II) and depleted with ages. K value and L∞ were determined as 0.77±0.09 Y-1 and 357.14±10.38 mm for males and 0.78±0.24 Y-1 and 367.02±24.15 mm for females, respectively. In conclusion this study provided basic information for stock assessment and management of L. esocinus in Gamsiab Reservoir.
    Keywords: Life, history styles, Reproduction, Mangar, Iranian inland waters
  • Z. Majeed *, A. Zuberi, S. Akthar, Z. Ajab Pages 208-216
    Skeletal deformities seriously relegate the biological performance of fish. The frequency of occurrence of different types of meristic variations and skeletal deformities were seen in the population of mahseer fish, Tor putitora, in two main reservoirs; Korang Stream, Islamabad and Dhobi Ghat Stream, Hassan Abdal. A total of ninety-five fish were caught randomly, forty-five from the unpolluted Korang Stream and fifty from the polluted Dhobi Ghat Stream by cast nets from February to July, 2009. Radiographs and dry skeletal preparation techniques were used to record meristic variations and skeletal deformities and describe various types and frequency of appearance. Deformities were studied under categories, Highest Frequency of Occurrence (HFO), Normal Frequency of Occurrence (NFO) and Lowest Frequency of Occurrence (LFO). In the deformed fishes, significant (p
    Keywords: Meristic variations, Skeleton, Deformities, Tor putitora
  • O. Hisar, M.M. Karaolu, S.A. Hisar, T. Yanik, M. GUrkan, H. Kaya * Pages 217-227
    A feeding trial which lasted for eight weeks was conducted to investigate the effects of diludine, a growth promoter, on feed efficiency, muscle structure and proximate composition of juvenile rainbow trout. Diludine was added at 0.0(D0) 0.2(D1), 0.5(D2) and 1(D3) g kg-1 to a casein-based diet, and every diet was given to the triplicated groups of juvenile rainbow trout. At the end of experiment, it was determined that a significant improvability existed for both growth and feed utilization in fish fed diets supplemented with diludine (p
    Keywords: Diludine, Growth, Muscle structure, Texture, Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Trout
  • Z. Alavian, H. Riahi, R. Musavi Nadushan *, B. Reeisi, S.M.R. Fatemi Pages 228-238
    Marine benthic macrophytes (seaweed and seagrasses) are key structural and functional components of some of the most productive ecosystems of the world. They absorb nutrients through their surface directly from the marine environment and thus they are very important biological elements for the estimation of ecological status, representing reliable indicators of coastal waters. The aim of this study was to assess the ecological status and trophic level of Hormozgan rocky bottoms according to Ecological Evaluation Index (EEI) .Sampling was done bi-monthly at seven stations at the intertidal rocky shores, west of Hormozgan Province. In this study a total of 63 species were identified, of which 15 species from seven genera belonged to green algae; 16 species from five genera belonged to brown algae; and 32 species from nine genera belonged to red algae. Coverage data of macroalgae and EEI indicate a high level of eutrophication for Saieh khosh, and Bostaneh, They are classified as zones with bad and poor ecological status, respectively. Also it has been proved that concentrations of biogenic elements and phytoplankton blooming are higher in these zones. The best values of the estimated metrics at Tahooneh and Michaeil could be explained with the good ecological conditions in those zones and the absence of pollution sources close to those transects. The values of abundance of macroalgae and EEI indicate moderate ecological conditions for Koohin, Lengeh and Chirooieh.
    Keywords: Ecological evaluation index, Trophic Level, Inshore waters, Macroalgae
  • M. Parsa, E. Kamrani *, M. Safaei, S.Y. Paighambari, T. Nishida Pages 239-244