مجله تحقیقات علوم قرآن و حدیث
سال سیزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 31، پاییز 1395)

The article “intercession” compiled by American orientalist lady Valerie J. Hoffman by introducing Quran, Muslim sahih and orientalist’s opinions. This article was published in the laiden encyclopedia of the Quran which is among the best references about the Quran.this paper has tried to criticize and evaluate the mentioned entry with aiming to make clear the thought atmosphere of non-Muslim scholars by examining the writings of orientalists specifically in religious teachings especially in the quranic subject. Mention opinions based on some Sunnite’s mental foundation and some tradition in their books that opposed Quranic expresses and certain traditions so this article is criticized.
This study in addition to mentioning the content of the mentioned article criticizes the opinions of Hoffman about the intercession by referring to authoritative Islamic sources. At first we show parts of article briefly then maintain incorrect instance and criticize it by introducing important sources that writer doesn’t use.

One of the most important issues in Islamic philosophy and theology is the Divine Knowledge. Knowledge is one the essential attributes of God which comprises the entire datum absolutely and without any conditions. Numerous verses of the Qur’an address the issue of Divine Knowledge, its extent and qualifications. Of these verses are those which suspend the knowledge of Allah to attainment of a condition or occurrence of a situation. In these instances, employing interpretational devices, the exegete of the Qur’an should propose an interpretation consistent with the doctrinal principles, while not confining him to the literal meaning of the verses.
The Shiite theologians and exegetes, based on the rational and traditional arguments, have declared their views on these verses. Among these scholars, Shaykh Tusi is an important personality. He is the head of the Shiite community at his time, a great jurisprudent, theologian and exegete of the Qur’an. It is no exaggeration to say that he is a leading personality in theology and exegesis. In his masterpiece, al- Tebyan exegesis, he interprets the verses on the mentioned issue in complete consistency with theological principles. Addressing the issue, he proposes possible interpretations, which can be studied in four categories. Among these alternatives, identifying the achievement of knowledge as realization of the datum is the most eminent one. Considering Shaykh Tusi’s commentaries of these verses, especially those in literal contradiction with theological principles, is a good model example for all the scholars in this field.

From the perspective of scholars of hadith, accepting and trusting the narratives of a narrator depends on a variety of factors, lack of each result in distrust. However in special conditions, some of these inconveniences can be ignored and the narratives can be sentenced to correctness. Among these factors, lying and having reputation in heresy due to the great damage which imposes on the justice of narrators are the ones that according to scholars of both Shia and Sunni sects, without any exception, lead to distrust in a narrator’s narratives. In this article, reflecting on evidences in infallible Imams (PBUT) narratives and studying the statements of the experts on narrators (Rijal)., this theory has been proven that the two factors of lying and having reputation in heresy, can be seen more than all the Shiite narrators, in the extremists (ghalis) and therefore their fame for these two attributions is the most important cause of their weakness.

The general attitude and common perception among Islamic intellectuals especially traditionists ,exegetes and jurisprudences is that it is hadith that can elucidate and interpret Qur’an , while Qur’an‘s role in this term for hadith has been neglected .Whereas taking into consideration the verses related to hadiths, it becomes clear that at times these verses clarifies the meaning of the narratives. The important instances of the Qur’an’s contribution to a better understanding of hadiths are as follows: illuminating the authenticity of hadith, interpreting, consecrating and altering hadith and confirming its meaning.

semantic field can be studied with the two approaches of diachronic and Synchronic. The semantic changes include changes such as Generalization, Semantic narrowing, Metonymy, metaphor, Degeneration and Elevation. Accordingly, some words of the Quran in comparison with the ignorant period have conceptual development and increase its reference-grade And other specialized concept and a decrease in sense occurred. As well as processes such as metaphor, Metonymy, Degeneration and Elevation in the Quranic words are visible. Classifying and identify these changes and clarify the meaning of the Quranic words is very important. Also with reviewing semantic field in diachronic approach and with considering syntagmatic collocation relations between Quranic words can be attainable.To obtain the relationship between the Quranic words and draw networks of the concepts, they should constantly drawn in the form of horizontal and vertical relationships. This paper describes formation of the semantic field and its changs and concerns and seek an explanation of this issue to examine the words of the Quran.

A famous narrative of the Prophet (peace be upon him) narrated that in each century , Allah poses person among the nations to renew religion. First , narrative have been quoted in Abi Dawood Sunan and then quoted in many sunni narrative communities and And some of them have consensus on the authenticity of document and content narrative, the first time , in Shiite, Sheikh Bahai has reported. Martyr Motahhari's works have doubts about the authenticity of this hadith And the document because its narrated by Abu Hurayra . As for the content ,he had four criticals .seems to be, in reject, these critical are incomplete in reject of narrative, because existence of Abu Hurayrah will not make invalid narrative , So that many Shia narrators have narrated his . About content criticals as well: First, the word "ras" in the hadith is adverb Etefaghi. secondly, the "man" in the narrative is common word and implies on more than one, thirdly, mistake in Determining the narrative examples, there is no reason that narrative is imitation; Fourthly, as reasons can not say the philosophical thought of ancient Iranians had impression on Mojaded narrative.

Al-Suyuti's Al Jamea Al Saghir is one of well -known narrative collections of Sunnite compiled alphabetically in terms of initial letter of narratives. This study deals with the extent of this book's accuracy of citations by relying on the previous narrators and sources mentioned by Al-Suyuti while in first glance it seems all are correct.
Present study provided by quantitative content analysis and based on the sample prepared by systematic and stratified methods assesses 400 narratives of this book and with a 5% error rate generalizes its results according to law of possibility.
According to results it can be said that with a 5% error rate in all parts of Al Jamea Al Saghir, 9.6% citation cases are incorrect according to narrative sources in our time. The inaccuracy of the citations is due to (1) lack of narratives in the present version from those books in our time, (2) lack of specifying name of book and relying just on the name of author (while the author has variety of narrative compilations) or (3) mistake in attributing narratives to narrators.